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Results for “refractive error”

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At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Effect of postoperative refractive error on visual acuity and patient satisfaction after implantation of the Array multifocal intraocular lens.

PURPOSE: To determine the ideal target refraction to optimize visual acuity (VA) and patient satisfaction after implantation of Array SA40N multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) (AMO). SETTING: Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea. METHODS: The study prospectively enrolled 188 eyes of 163 patients and assigned them to 1 of 3 groups according to their postoperative refractive status: Group 1 (43 myopic eyes, -0.50 diopter [D] to -1.50 D), Group 2 (114 emmetropic eyes, -0.50 D to +0.50 D) and Group 3 (31 hyperopic eyes, +0.50 D to +1.50 D). Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCDVA), uncorrected near visual acuity (UCNVA), UCDVA under glare conditions, contrast sensitivity, and patient satisfaction were then compared between the 3 groups. RESULTS: Three months postoperatively, UCDVA, UCNVA, UCDVA under glare conditions, and contrast sensitivity were good in all eyes and more than 72% of patients never wore glasses for near vision. In Group 2, UCDVA was significantly better (0.74 +/- 0.20; P<.05) compared with Groups 1 and 3 (0.40 +/- 0.24 and 0.38 +/- 0.30, respectively); UCNVA was also significantly better in Group 2 (0.68 +/- 0.08; P<.05) than in Groups 1 and 3 (0.45 +/- 0.21 and 0.41 +/- 0.17, respectively). However, there were no significant differences in patient satisfaction, contrast sensitivity, and UCDVA under glare conditions between the 3 groups (P>.05). CONCLUSIONS: Aiming for emmetropia rather than myopia when calculating the power for the multifocal intraocular lens may improve visual acuity. However, patients must be considered on an individual basis to meet their expectations and requirements.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

The effects of spectacle wear in infancy on eye growth and refractive error in the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus).

We made a comprehensive study, involving observations on 45 marmosets, of the effects on ocular growth and refraction of wearing spectacles from the ages of 4-8 weeks. This period was within the period early in life when the eye grows rapidly and refraction changes from hyperopia to its adult value of modest myopia. In one series of experiments we studied the effect of lenses of powers -8, -4, +4 and +8D fitted monocularly. In another series of experiments we studied the effect of lenses of equal and opposite powers fitted binocularly, with the two eyes alternately occluded, so as to give an incentive to use both eyes, and in particular to accommodate, for at least part of each day, through the negative lens. The vitreous chamber of eyes that wore negative lenses of -4D or -8D, combined with alternate occlusion, elongated more rapidly than that of the fellow eye (negative lens eye-positive lens eye, 0.21 +/- 0.03 mm (S.E.M.), P < 0.01 and 0.25 +/- 0.06 mm, P < 0.05, respectively) and became relatively more myopic (2.8 +/- 0.26D, P < 0.01 and 2.4 +/- 0.61D, P < 0.05 respectively). Eyes that wore -4D lenses monocularly elongated more rapidly and became myopic than fellow eyes. Eyes that wore +4D or +8D lenses were less strongly affected: animals that wore +8D lenses monocularly (without alternate occlusion) developed a slight relative hyperopia (0.99 +/- 0.21D, P < 0.01), with the more hyperopic eyes also slightly shorter (0.09 +/- 0.05 mm) than their fellow eyes, but eyes wearing +4D lenses were not significantly different from their fellow eyes. Animals that wore -8D lenses monocularly (without alternate occlusion) developed a slight relative hyperopia after three weeks of lens-wear (0.85 +/- 0.26D, P < 0.05). These were the only eyes that responded in a non-compensatory direction to the optical challenge of spectacle wear, and we interpret this effect as one due to visual deprivation. After the removal of lenses, the degree of anisometropia slowly diminished in those groups of animals in which it had been induced, but in the three groups in which the largest effects had been produced by lens-wear the overall mean anisometropia (0.68 +/- 0.24D, P < 0.01) and vitreous chamber depth (VCD) discrepancy (0.09 +/- 0.03 mm, P < 0.01) were still significant at the end of the experiments, when the animals were 273 days old. The reduction of anisometropia in these groups was associated with an increase in the rate of elongation of the vitreous chamber in the eyes that had previously grown normally i.e. the less myopic eyes grew more rapidly than their fellow eyes: in the seven weeks following lens-wear these eyes became more myopic and longer than normal eyes (refraction P < 0.001; VCD P < 0.001). Control experiments showed that occlusion of one eye for 50% of the day had no effect on eye growth and refraction, and therefore that alternate occlusion itself had no effect.

Age Factors↗