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At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Online learning: enhancing nurse education?

BACKGROUND: The need to integrate information technology into nursing education has been recognized and well documented. In spite of this, information technology remains a neglected subject in many nursing programmes. Strategies have been considered for increasing the integration of information technology in nursing education. One of the key issues identified is the need for research into the factors that contribute to optimal learning with information technology, specifically the need to explore issues that contribute to student frustration and satisfaction with learning. Within Australia, the incorporation of information technology as a core subject in nursing education is still relatively new. This article describes how one university used 'online' learning to expose students to conceptual and experiential opportunities that enabled them to develop skills in the management of information technology. METHODS: Twenty-one students participated in this qualitative study. Individual interviews were used to develop insights into student perceptions. Thematic analysis enabled refined themes to emerge. These themes formed the basis of focus group discussions. Focus groups were used to enhance and validate the information from one-to-one interviews by using group dynamics to add experiential richness to the data. FINDINGS: Four major themes emerged: computer confidence, flexibility, active learning and practicalities of teaching. CONCLUSIONS: The integration of information technology into nursing education requires a dramatic change in thinking. The 'learning curve' is steep for both student and educator and there are many issues that need to be considered. This research does not aim to provide solutions to the issues highlighted but rather offers recommendations for enhancing the teaching and learning experience.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1998

Designing health care information systems for integrated delivery systems: where we are and where we need to be.

A critical step in evolving an integrated delivery system (IDS) is planning, designing, and technologically realizing an efficient, appropriate, and effective infrastructure for developing an integrated network of information systems. The key to meeting this objective philosophically, logically, and physically in the face of rapid advances in computing technology and communication trends is often poorly understood by health providers and managers. The article discusses the concept of a total quality management information system model and illustrates how this sort of thinking can be applied to guide the critical steps that must be undertaken to plan, design, and develop a networked infrastructure of health care information systems that can facilitate information exchange and sharing among multiple health care providers within an IDS.

Canada↗
PubMed2004

Family perspectives on integrated child health information systems.

The perspectives of families, and especially parents of children with special health care needs, need to be better understood by the government agencies, health care providers, associations, and information systems vendors that are integrating child health information systems. To date, research on children with special health care needs has not included the perspectives of parents on integrated child health information systems. Interviews were conducted with a limited number of parents of children with special health care needs and a young adult with special health care needs about their perspectives on integrated health information systems needs. The interviews revealed common themes: (1) parents have experienced the benefits of information technology for health care purposes, (2) parents believe integrated health information systems could help to coordinate their children's health care, (3) parents believe information technology can help improve accuracy and timeliness of information, (4) parents of children with special health care needs believe their children's health information should be available to those who need it, but safeguards must be in place, (5) parents believe health information systems can improve health care, but it is not the highest priority health care issue for them, and (6) parents believe that their involvement in issues related to children with special health care needs, including information technology, is critical. Parents of children with special health care needs hold strong opinions about their children's health care, including health information systems. Parents need to be central to discussions about development of integrated child health information systems if we are to develop information systems that serve the needs of children with special health care needs and their families.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Category learning deficits in Parkinson's disease.

Sixteen patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), 15 older controls (OCs), and 109 younger controls (YCs) were compared in 2 category-learning tasks. Participants attempted to assign colored geometric figures to 1 of 2 categories. In rule-based tasks, category membership was defined by an explicit rule that was easy to verbalize, whereas in information-integration tasks, there was no salient verbal rule and accuracy was maximized only if information from 3 stimulus components was integrated at some predecisional stage. The YCs performed the best on both tasks. The PD patients were highly impaired compared with the OCs, in the rule-based categorization task but were not different from the OCs in the information-integration task. These results support the hypothesis that learning in these 2 tasks is mediated by functionally separate systems.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Implementation of a patient-centred and physician-oriented healthcare information system.

Integration of information has enabled expeditious operation in air transfer, banking, shopping, and stock brokerage, but not in healthcare. Existing health information systems (HIS) are concerned too much with departmental performance and charge billing, and neglect the end users--the patients and the physicians. The resultant HIS then has divergent operation to antagonize the physicians, and has fragmented data to the disadvantage of patients. Recognizing the problems and the trend of HIS, this study proposed and implemented a patient-centred and physician-oriented HIS in a Urology clinic. The proposed HIS had patient care as its core, and accurately coded the patient's diagnoses and therapy information. It also offered a friendly environment and complete function for the physician to administrate medical records and to provide healthcare services. The HIS had client/server structure and an open system to protect the hardware investment and the software implementation. It will be the key to success in complete hospital environments.

Hospital Information Systems↗
PubMed2001

Bilateral integration of whisker information in the primary somatosensory cortex of rats.

The isomorphic representation of the contralateral whisker pad in the rodent cerebral cortex has served as a canonical example in primary somatosensory areas that the contralateral body surface is spatially represented as a topographic map. By characterizing responses evoked by multiwhisker stimuli, we provide direct evidence that the whisker region of the rat primary somatosensory cortex (SI) integrates information from both contralateral and ipsilateral whisker pads. The proportions of SI neurons responsive to ipsilateral whisker stimuli, as well as their response probabilities, increased with the number of ipsilateral whiskers stimulated. Under bilateral whisker stimulation, the responses of 95% of neurons recorded were affected by stimulation of ipsilateral whiskers. Contralateral tactile responses of SI neurons were profoundly influenced by preceding ipsilateral stimuli and vice versa. This effect depended on both the spatial location and the relative timing of bilateral whisker stimuli, leading to both spatial and temporal asymmetries of interaction. Bilateral whisker stimulation resulted in only modest changes in evoked response latency. Previous ipsilateral stimulation was also shown to affect tactile responses evoked by later ipsilateral stimuli. Inactivation of the opposite SI abolished ipsilaterally evoked responses as well as their influence on subsequently evoked contralateral responses in the intact SI. Based on these results, we conclude that the rat SI integrates information from both whisker pads and propose that such interactions may underlie the ability of rats to discriminate bilateral tactile stimuli.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2000

Health information networks: enabling care management in IDSs.

To be successful, IDSs require streamlined, information integration across the continuum of care. Having this capability enables IDSs to manage care and costs efficiently, provide physicians with enterprisewide access to eligibility information, and respond to the communication and quality demands of patients. For most IDSs, the quickest and most cost-effective way to achieve overall information-system integration is to implement a health information network (HIN) based on Internet technologies. A HIN enables IDS providers and staff to access requisite administrative and clinical information from throughout the enterprise using a Web browser.

Computer Security↗
PubMed1993

Sudden cardiac death: epidemiology, transient risk, and intervention assessment.

PURPOSE: To integrate information from the various disciplines that contribute to the understanding of the cause and prevention of sudden cardiac death: identification of new approaches from applied clinical epidemiology; identification and control of transient risk factors; and evaluation of the results of interventions. DATA SOURCES: A broad range of research reports and interpretations of data from English-language journal articles and reviews, published primarily between 1970 and 1993. The fields of study included epidemiology, experimental electrophysiology, clinical observations, and interventions. STUDY SELECTION: Continuous literature surveys, done in relation to ongoing clinical and experimental research on sudden cardiac death since 1972. DATA EXTRACTION: Included on the basis of relevance to the topics discussed and with confirmation of data and concepts by more than one investigator when available. DATA SYNTHESIS: Information from several disciplines was integrated by the authors to synthesize new ways to view the problem of sudden cardiac death. Quantitative information was used primarily to derive qualitative statements about new perspectives on sudden cardiac death. CONCLUSIONS: Progress in the prevention of sudden death will require development of new approaches, including epidemiologic techniques to address risk characteristics specific to the problem; characterization of triggering events and identification of specific persons at risk for responding adversely to these events; and methods of evaluating outcomes appropriate to the nature of sudden cardiac death.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed1995

The development of integrated public health information systems: a statement by the Joint Council of Governmental Public Health Agencies.

To truly enjoy the benefits of the information age, public health agencies at each level of government must work together to plan and implement integrated information systems that meet the needs of our dynamic profession. The Joint Council of Governmental Public Health Agencies, comprised of state and local health officials, has worked to identify the solutions to public health's information needs. Investments in integrated systems that support service delivery to clients will improve program management and enhance accountability for public funds. The ability to produce good, client-centered data will be essential as the nation's health and welfare systems change.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1994

A decision support system for AIDS intervention and prevention.

In recent years, the importance of information systems has been identified as a vital issue to continuing success in AIDS intervention and prevention (AIP). The advances in information technology have resulted in integrative information systems including decision support systems (DSS). The concept of DSS for AIP was created at the intersection of two trends. The first trend was a growing belief that AIP information systems are successful in automating operations in AIP programs. The second was a continuing improvement in modeling and software development in the AIP area. This paper presents an integrated DSS for AIP. The system is integrated with a database and achieves its efficiency by incorporating various algorithms and models to support AIP decision processes. The application examples include screening AIDS-risky behaviors, evaluating educational interventions, and scheduling AIP sessions. The implementation results present evidence of the usefulness of the system in AIP.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed1999

Neural mechanisms for processing binocular information I. Simple cells.

The visual system integrates information from the left and right eyes and constructs a visual world that is perceived as single and three dimensional. To understand neural mechanisms underlying this process, it is important to learn about how signals from the two eyes interact at the level of single neurons. Using a sophisticated receptive field (RF) mapping technique that employs binary m-sequences, we have determined the rules of binocular interactions exhibited by simple cells in the cat's striate cortex in relation to the structure of their monocular RFs. We find that binocular interaction RFs of most simple cells are well described as the product of left and right eye RFs. Therefore the binocular interactions depend not only on binocular disparity but also on monocular stimulus position or phase. The binocular interaction RF is consistent with that predicted by a model of a linear binocular filter followed by a static nonlinearity. The static nonlinearity is shown to have a shape of a half-power function with an average exponent of approximately 2. Although the initial binocular convergence of signals is linear, the static nonlinearity makes binocular interaction multiplicative at the output of simple cells. This multiplicative binocular interaction is a key ingredient for the computation of interocular cross-correlation, an algorithm for solving the stereo correspondence problem. Therefore simple cells may perform initial computations necessary to solve this problem.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1990

Role of spatial location in integration of pictorial information across saccades.

Identification of a fixated object in a visual display is facilitated by integrating information from a preview of that object in the periphery with information extracted on the subsequent foveal fixation (Pollatsek, Rayner, & Collins, 1984). These experiments investigated the extent to which this integration is dependent on the spatial location of the information remaining constant. Two preview objects were presented in the periphery; Ss fixated that region and named a single target object that appeared in the same spatial location in which one of the two preview objects had been presented. Of primary interest was the facilitative effect when a preview object was identical to the target object as a function of whether they were in the same spatial location. The major finding was that although there was a small effect of switching, there was still a substantial preview benefit even when the location of the identical object switched. In addition, the switching effect did not interact with the level of identity between the preview and target. There was also a preview benefit in conditions in which there were no eye movements and the preview and target objects were at least 5 degrees apart. Thus, the data indicate that the process object identification is relatively insensitive to location information and that object information and location information are coded fairly independently.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Facilitation of students' discussion in problem-based learning tutorials to create mechanisms: the use of five key questions.

Without the appropriate facilitation of discussion in a problem-based learning (PBL) course and the use of specific educational tools that enhance cognitive skills, students might deprive themselves of achieving the deep learning experience expected to take place in a PBL course. One of the educational tasks in PBL is the creation of mechanisms for hypotheses made by the students, based on their knowledge of the basic sciences and the psychosocial issues raised in a particular case scenario. The whole task is student-constructed and should enhance their ability to explain the scientific basis of the symptoms and clinical signs of the patient enlisted in the case. Because students usually discuss the case without enough prior related knowledge, they might find it difficult to address different aspects of their mechanisms. These gaps in knowledge may be considered part of their "learning issues". In tutorial 2 (a PBL case is usually discussed in 2 or 3 tutorials at the maximum; each tutorial is 2 hours long), students should be able to build a comprehensive mechanism reflecting their deep understanding of the problem. However, students might not be able to integrate information learnt and their mechanisms might show a number of shortcuts and/or lack integration of information, and the flow of the pathophysiological changes may not be logical. This manuscript describes 5 key open-ended questions in PBL tutorials to facilitate students' discussions as they create their mechanisms.

Education, Medical, Undergraduate↗
PubMed2005

Attentional integration between anatomically distinct stimulus representations in early visual cortex.

Vision often requires attending to, and integrating information from, distant parts of the visual field. However, the neural basis for such long-range integration is not clearly understood. Here, we demonstrate a specific neural signature of attentional integration between stimuli in different parts of the visual field. Using functional MRI, we found that a task requiring the integration of information between two attended but spatially separated stimuli actively modulated the degree of functional integration (in terms of effective connectivity) between their retinotopic representations in visual cortical areas V1, V2, and V4. Spatial attention enhanced long-distance coupling between distinct neuronal populations that represented the attended visual stimuli, even at the earliest stages of cortical processing. In contrast, unattended stimulus representations were decoupled both from attended representations and particularly strongly from each other. Furthermore, enhanced functional integration between cortical representations was associated with enhanced behavioral performance. Attention may thus serve to "bind" together cortical loci at multiple levels of the visual hierarchy that are commonly involved in processing attended stimuli, promoting integration between otherwise functionally isolated cortical loci.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Factors affecting non-response to cervical cytology screening in Norfolk, England.

A geographic information system was used to integrate information on the uptake of cervical cytology screening for general medical practices in Norfolk with other data on the characteristics of the practices and the population they served. Regression analysis was employed to explore the extent to which variations in non-response were associated with explanatory factors. Non-response to the earlier system of opportunistic screening was found to be associated with the size of practice, the presence of a female doctor, the District Health Authority in which the practice was located, the age structure of the practice population, its degree of socio-economic deprivation and levels of rural remoteness. Compared with the earlier system, the new population-based call and recall system was found to be reaching a larger proportion of the population at risk. The former relationships were weaker under the new system, but non-response was still significantly associated with both social and organisational factors.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Collection and use of exposure data from human milk biomonitoring in the United States.

Human milk is a unique biological matrix that can be used to estimate exposures in both the mother and the breastfed infant. In addition, the presence of environmental chemicals in human milk may act as a sentinel for exposures to a broader population. Several factors play a role in determining the quantity of chemicals transferred to milk and, subsequently, to the breastfeeding infant, including maternal, infant, and chemical characteristics. Exposure to certain environmental chemicals during critical periods can disrupt normal infant development, yet few data exist to quantify the hazards posed by environmental chemicals in human milk. Chemicals measured in human milk may also provide insights to agents suspect in altering breast development and breast-related disease risk. Carefully designed exposure assessment and toxicokinetic studies are needed to elucidate mechanisms and establish relationships between human milk and other biologic matrices. Data from human milk biomonitoring studies can be used to inform and validate models that integrate information about chemical properties, human metabolism, and biomarker concentrations. Additional research is needed to determine the degree to which environmental chemicals enter, are present in, and are excreted from human milk, their impact on the host (mother), and the extent of their bioavailability to breastfeeding infants. This article describes how the collection and use of exposure data from human milk biomonitoring in the United States can be designed to inform future research and policy.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Effects of display design on performance in a simulated ship navigation environment.

Although automation is playing an increasing role on the ship's bridge, empirical research on the effectiveness of alternative bridge designs is limited. In this paper, we describe an experimental study of the benefits of integrated information display, using a computerized simulation of a highly automated ship's bridge. The study compared three types of interface design, which presented radar and electronic chart information to the operator in different ways: (a) integrated display, (b) functionally-separate display, and (c) spatially-separate display. Effects were examined in relation to time on watch and scenario complexity. Following extensive training on the task, 39 participants were tested over a 4-h experimental session, during which they encountered a sequence of collision scenarios of varying complexity. Using a dual-task methodology, a range of measures of primary and secondary task performance were taken, together with assessment of information sampling behaviour and subjective operator state (workload, fatigue, anxiety and situation awareness). The results indicated slight navigational advantages of the integrated display over the two alternative display types, although it also incurred higher levels of operator cost, particularly fatigue. There were no marked effects of time on watch, but more complex scenarios were associated with impaired performance, increased workload and reduced situation awareness. Overall, the findings have suggested some benefits of integrating primary information sources in a ship's bridge environment. The study further confirms the value of experimental simulations as tools for investigating design issues for ship's bridge automation.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[A research on healthcare integrating model of medical information system].

System integration is inevitable since there are lots of heterogeneous medical information systems in the complicated medical environment. The current medical communication standards often focus on one aspect of the integration and do not provide a general scheme. Based on the analysis of the application of medical integration, the medical integration model HIM (Healthcare integrating model) is put forward, and the dataflow integration framework, function integration framework and interface integration framework in the HIM are designed subsequently. HIM provides a 3-D scheme for the integration of medical information systems, which not only contains the three aspects of integration application vertically, but covers the whole medical area horizontally.

Database Management Systems↗