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At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Desmoplasia measured by computer assisted image analysis: an independent prognostic marker in colorectal carcinoma.

AIMS: The assessment of desmoplasia by traditional semiquantitative methods does not provide reliable prognostic data. The aim of this study was to quantify desmoplasia by computerised image analysis in primary colorectal carcinomas and to investigate its ability to predict overall survival. METHODS: In total, 112 colorectal adenocarcinomas, with a median follow up of 66 months, were studied. The representative tumour sections were stained by the van Gieson method, which stains collagen rich stroma red. For quantitative histochemical measurement, digital images were analysed by a computerised image analysis program to calculate the percentage of red stained tissue area. The percentage of desmoplasia (PD) was related to conventional clinicopathological prognostic factors and overall survival. RESULTS: The mean (SD) PD was 4.85 (3.37). PD was found to be significantly associated with lymph vessel and venous invasion. By Kaplan-Meier analysis, PD was associated with survival-patients with PD > 4 had a shorter survival than those with PD </= 4. In multivariate analysis, tumour stage, distant metastasis, and PD emerged as independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: Desmoplasia measured by image analysis seems to be a significant prognostic indicator in patients with colorectal carcinoma and the improved method described in this study would be useful for routine prognostication.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Comparison of fluorescence in situ hybridization with flow cytometry and static image analysis in ploidy analysis of paraffin-embedded prostate adenocarcinoma.

Nuclear DNA ploidy has been shown to have an important prognostic association for patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Flow cytometry and static image analysis are ploidy methods that have been used in prostate carcinoma. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using chromosome-specific probes can be used to evaluate the ploidy of interphase nuclei. In this study FISH was compared with flow cytometry and static image analysis in determining ploidy in paraffin-embedded tissue from 34 prostatic adenocarcinomas. Ploidy status using FISH was determined by enumerating centromeres of two chromosomes (8 and 12) by use of directly-labeled alpha-satellite DNA probes in isolated whole nuclei obtained by the Hedley technique. All three methods identified 11 of 34 cases as diploid and 17 of 34 cases as nondiploid (82% concordance). Six cases were discordant; two cases had discrepant results by each method. Ploidy classification as determined by FISH had an 88% concordance with ploidy classification by either flow cytometry or static image analysis. In conclusion, FISH was found to be a sensitive method of ploidy analysis in isolated paraffin-embedded nuclei from prostate adenocarcinomas. When the chromosomes commonly involved in aneuploidy have been identified in prostate adenocarcinoma, FISH has the potential to provide greater sensitivity for aneuploidy detection compared with currently available methods.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2004

Quantification of dental plaque on lingual tooth surfaces using image analysis: reliability and validation.

AIM: The aim of this study was to increase the versatility and further validate the method reported by Smith et al. (2001) by testing the reliability of plaque measurement against two well-known dental plaque quantification methodologies using image analysis in a clinical trial. METHOD: The teeth of 40 subjects were disclosed before digital images of the labial and lingual surfaces of their upper and lower incisors were acquired. The amount of plaque present was quantified using a modification of the method described by Smith et al. (2001). The method was modified for obtaining images of the lingual surfaces by incorporating the use of orthodontic occlusal mirrors and 5-mm pieces of moistened blue articulating paper used to enable calibration. Plaque measurements were made from 320 upper and lower anterior teeth from the 40 subjects by two operators. Fliess' coefficient of reliability was used to assess intra- and inter-operator reliability and the independent sample t test was used to assess statistical significance between test and control groups after checking the data for normality. For validation, measurements were recorded using the Turesky et al. (1970) (modification of the Quigley & Hein (1962) plaque index and the Addy et al. (1983) plaque area index. The results were compared with the image analysis method using Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The results for reliability were within Fliess' range of "excellent" for both intra-operator repeatability and inter-operator reproducibility. Pearson's correlation coefficients showed highly significant values indicating the close similarity between all three methods. CONCLUSIONS: This method for the measurement of dental plaque on lingual surfaces of anterior teeth proved reliable. The combined results from the labial and lingual surfaces of anterior teeth using image analysis produced trial conclusions comparable with the alternate plaque quantification methods used, with less clinician time and further producing a permanent database of images for future use.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

An interactive image analysis system for quantitative cytology & to classify cervical cells.

Introduction of computers and image analysis systems are gaining faster momentum in order to quantitate the assessment of cells for diagnosis and prognosis, and this system aims to relieve the operator from the tedium of microscopic observation and reduce operator bias and human error. This paper discusses the design and configuration of an interactive image analysis system built in the laboratory for the purpose of cell analysis and classification. The software developed to compute various textural and morphological parameters of cells on smear are briefly described. The results of the experiments carried out to classify normal and abnormal cells on cervical smear show 94 per cent success rate.

Cytological Techniques↗
PubMed2003

Development of multicolour digital image analysis system to enumerate actively respiring bacteria in natural river water.

AIMS: To develop a rapid and simple method for the assessment of metabolic activity of bacteria in natural environment. METHODS AND RESULTS: A rapid and simple multicolour digital image analysis system for enumerating viable bacteria based on active fluorescent staining has been developed. This system can accurately differentiate actively respiring bacteria and non-respiring bacteria by distinctive colour information in the digital image captured by an epifluorescence microscope equipped with low magnification objective lens. An algorithm to distinguish bacteria from considerable detritus, which produced bright fluorescence in different colours, by colour segmentation has also been developed. This system was applied to river water samples, and the total and respiratory active bacterial counts by digital image analysis were highly related to those by epifluorescence microscopy (r2 = 0.96 and 0.93, respectively). CONCLUSION: This system allowed the rapid and simple differentiation of bacteria from detritus and concurrent assessment of their metabolic activity, with results being available within 1 h. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The low magnification image analysis allows more rapid and simple quantification of bacteria and could considerably decrease image data amount and acquisition time. This system could be easily applied to the rapid analysis of microbes in various environments.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2005

Development of a support vector machine-based image analysis system for assessing the thyroid nodule malignancy risk on ultrasound.

An SVM-based image analysis system was developed for assessing the malignancy risk of thyroid nodules. Ultrasound images of 120 cytology confirmed thyroid nodules (78 low-risk and 42 high-risk of malignancy) were manually segmented by a physician using a custom developed software in C++. From each nodule, 40 textural features were automatically calculated and were used with the SVM algorithm in the design of the image analysis system. Highest classification accuracy was 96.7%, misdiagnosing two high-risk and two low-risk thyroid nodules. The proposed system may be of value to physicians as a second opinion tool for avoiding unnecessary invasive procedures.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1982

Computerized image analysis of nuclear shape as a prognostic factor for prostatic cancer.

Computer assisted image analysis was used to determine quantitative and reproducible nuclear morphology of 17 totally excised pathological specimens from stage B-2 prostatic cancer in an attempt to correlate histopathological analysis with clinical prognosis for the individual patient. We describe a nuclear roundness factor that correlates with the clinical outcome of the individual patient. This nuclear shape factor appears to identify prostatic tumors with a high metastatic potential from tumors that are less aggressive. Quantitative nuclear image analysis, its accuracy, and reproducibility are described and discussed. This technique may provide the pathologist with a valuable tool for analyzing prostatic cancer cells in a quantitative manner, thereby contributing precise information to the urologist relevant to the prognosis of the individual patient.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1991

Computerized image analysis of full-hand touch plates: a method for quantification of surface bacteria on hands and the effect of antimicrobial agents.

A method is described for quantification of the bacterial flora on the hand surface. Computer-assisted image analysis of bacterial growth of large full-hand touch plates provides a quantifiable measure of the bacterial flora on the hand surface. Image analysis pixel intensity values showed a significant correlation (P less than 0.0001) with colony forming unit values determined by the glove juice method. Image analysis of impressions from hands treated with various antimicrobial agents in detergent bases showed that 4% chlorhexidine gluconate produces a 96% reduction after a 30 s washing and 98% reduction after a 3 min washing while 7.5% povidone-iodine and 1% triclosan produce a 77% and 70% reduction after 3 min respectively, and 70% isopropanol produces a 98% reduction after a 30 s wash.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Computer-assisted image analysis of silver staining in normal and leukemic bone marrow.

Computer-assisted image analysis was used to quantitate the amount of silver staining in interphase nuclei of bone marrow cells from acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) patients. When we compared the data obtained for the interphase nuclei with that obtained for the metaphase spreads, we found a strong correlation between the fraction of bone-marrow metaphases stained positively with silver, the average number of silver-positive nucleolus organizer regions per metaphase, and the amount of silver staining in the interphase nuclei. Computer-assisted image analysis of interphase nuclei can be used, therefore, to differentiate normal from ALL bone-marrow samples.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed2003

Image analysis of blood platelets adhesion.

Adhesion of blood platelets is one of the major events in haemostatic and thrombotic processes. We studied adhesion of blood platelets on fibrinogen and fibrin dimer sorbed on solid support material (glass, polystyrene). Adhesion was carried on under static and dynamic conditions and measured as percentage of the surface covered with platelets. Within a range of platelet counts in normal and in thrombocytopenic blood we observed a very significant decrease in platelet adhesion on fibrin dimer with bounded active thrombin with decreasing platelet count. Our results show the imperative use of platelet poor blood preparations as control samples in experiments with thrombocytopenic blood. Experiments carried on adhesive surfaces sorbed on polystyrene showed lower relative inaccuracy than on glass. Markedly different behaviour of platelets adhered on the same adhesive surface, which differed only in support material (glass or polystyrene) suggest that adhesion and mainly spreading of platelets depends on physical quality of the surface. While on polystyrene there were no significant differences between fibrin dimer and fibrinogen, adhesion measured on glass support material markedly differed between fibrin dimer and fibrinogen. We compared two methods of thresholding in image analysis of adhered platelets. Results obtained by image analysis of spreaded platelets showed higher relative inaccuracy than results obtained by image analysis of platelets centres and aggregates.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1997

Variability in cytokine and cell adhesion molecule staining in arthroscopic synovial biopsies: quantification using color video image analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the variability in immunostaining for cytokines and cell adhesion molecules using multiple arthroscopically directed synovial biopsies from within a rheumatoid knee joint, quantitated by color video image analysis. METHODS: Needle arthroscopic biopsies were taken from multiple sites (4-7 sites) around a knee joint in 8 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In 5 patients, immunoperoxidase staining for the cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and IL-1beta as well as the IL-1 receptor antagonist protein (IL-1ra) was performed. In 3 patients, immunoperoxidase staining for the cell adhesion molecules E-selectin (CD62E), P-selectin (CD62P), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1, CD54), and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM, CD31) was performed. Immunostaining was quantified using color video image analysis. RESULTS: The overall probability of paired biopsies from the same RA knee joint being significantly different from each other due to sampling variation was at most 22% for cytokine staining (usually less than 10%). There were no significant differences between intrabiopsy and interbiopsy variability for cell adhesion molecule staining of the sublining and vessels. CONCLUSION: The variability in cytokine and cell adhesion molecule staining within any single biopsy usually reflects the variability between biopsies taken from different sites in the same rheumatoid joint when the immunostaining is quantified using color video image analysis. Therefore, only a small number of synovial biopsies are required to accurately determine the cytokine and cell adhesion molecule expression in a single joint.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Detection and quantitation by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and image analysis of HER-2/neu gene amplification in breast cancer fine-needle samples.

BACKGROUND: Fine-needle sampling, although a practical and noninvasive method of tissue acquisition, has rarely been used for HER-2/neu fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). To assess HER-2/neu gene amplification in mammary carcinoma, FISH signals on cytology and corresponding tissue biopsies were detected visually and measured by image analysis. The results were correlated with patient and tumor characteristics. METHODS: In situ HER-2/neu DNA probe hybridization was performed on 61 cytology specimens and on 47 corresponding frozen sections of breast carcinomas. Tumors were classified by visual evaluation as unamplified, moderately amplified, or highly amplified. Multiparametric image analysis was performed using the Discovery automated image analyzer (Becton Dickinson, Leiden, Netherlands). The integrated fluorescence ratio (IFR) was calculated for each sample as the integrated FISH fluorescence of the tumor cells divided by the integrated FISH fluorescence of internal control cells containing two spots. The percentage positive nuclear area (PPN), calculated as the area of FISH fluorescence divided by the area of nuclear DNA fluorescence, and the PPR, ratio of the PPN of the tumor cells divided by the control cells, were also calculated for each sample. RESULTS: Visual analysis yielded 46 unamplified and 15 (24.6%) amplified (seven moderately amplified and eight highly-amplified) tumors. Strong (P < 0.001) correlation between results on cytological and histological materials was obtained. The FISH spots on the cytological preparations were more easily visualized and scored than those on the corresponding tissue sections. Visual HER-2/neu signal scoring was strongly correlated with IFR (P = 0.0001) and PPR (P = 0.0001). Within the tumors classified as highly amplified by visual examination, quantitation of the degree of amplification fluorescence signal was possible using image analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Cytologic specimens were a suitable and representative source of materials for detection and quantitation of HER-2/neu gene amplification by FISH and image analysis. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol)

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1999

Immunohistochemical quantitation of androgen receptor expression using color video image analysis.

BACKGROUND: The immunostaining features of the androgen receptor (AR) have been studied in prostate cancer (CaP) to predict the outcome of androgen deprivation therapies. We have developed an automatic video color image analysis system for quantitation of AR expression in large samples of prostatic nuclei. METHODS: Essential criteria of immunostaining have been examined to establish a linear relationship between AR protein content and mean optical density (MOD) of the immunoperoxidase-substrate reaction product. Titration of monoclonal AR antibody, F39.4.1, and concentration and reaction time of substrate were optimized using color video image analysis. The methodology was tested twice. First, CWR22 human CaP xenograft specimens, harvested from testosterone (T)-stimulated, castrated and T-resupplemented mice, were immunostained to demonstrate the dependence of AR expression on serum androgen levels. Second, AR expression was measured in archived clinical specimens. RESULTS: In CWR22 tumor-bearing mice castrated for 6 days, AR MOD decreased to 57% of T-stimulated, intact mice. After 72 hrs of T treatment, AR MOD returned to the level measured in T-stimulated, intact mice. Sixteen radical prostatectomy specimens and 16 transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) specimens were double-labeled with F39.4.1 and anti-cytokeratin MAb (13betaE12) specific for basal epithelial cells. Benign epithelial cells exhibited lower AR MOD in prostatectomy compared to TURP specimens (P < 0.01). Differences in AR immunostaining intensity may have resulted from differences in tissue fixation of whole organ versus small tissue specimens. CONCLUSIONS: AR immunostaining can be quantitated accurately using optimized immunohistochemical criteria and video image analysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

An automated new technique for scoring the rodent micronucleus assay: computerized image analysis of acridine orange supravitally stained peripheral blood cells.

We developed an automated image analysis system to obtain objective data for the rodent peripheral blood micronucleus assay with acridine orange (AO) supravital staining. The system was able to identify micronucleated reticulocytes (MNRETs) and to evaluate inhibition of bone marrow cell proliferation by measuring the reticular area of reticulocytes (RETs). We also developed automated equipment to produce homogeneous acridine orange-coated glass slides. This study was designed to compare automated scoring with manual scoring using 4 model clastogens and 2 mouse strains. The MNRET incidence induced by each clastogen was similar for automated and manual scoring, and there was good correlation (r=0.92) between the methods. In addition, an index of bone marrow toxicity based on the reticular area of RETs was compared to the conventional index (% of polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) to total erythrocytes; PCE ratio) and was similar. The results indicated that our technique for computer-assisted image analysis for the micronucleus assay with AO supravitally stained peripheral blood RETs was comparable to conventional microscopic scoring, and it was superior in objectivity and statistical power.

Acridine Orange↗
PubMed1988

Expert system for pathologists to generate an image analysis program for tumor grading.

The pathologist is usually not an expert in engineering or image analysis. We have, therefore, developed an expert system, entitled PARTICLE, to help pathologists producing image analysis programs by which to tackle problems in histological pathology, including tumor grading. The PARTICLE expert system is based on karyometric data, using the AMBA/R dialogue and programming system.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1994

Quantitative image analysis for immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization.

Image analysis hardware, software, and procedures are described for analysis of tissue reacted for antibody immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization. A Magiscan image analyzer is used to process images viewed with a light microscope. LUT functions, spatial filters (parabola) and gray level convolutions (sharpen, laplacian, mexican hat) are applied in order to extract immunoreaction product or autoradiographic grains. These objects are then thresholded and binary operators (erosion, dilation, separation) are applied to separate closely apposed objects. Measurements routines are used to estimate the optical density and size of labeled profiles or to count grains and compute grain density per profile. A JEOL 1210 electron microscope is used to view tissue treated for post-embedding immunochemistry. Digital images are captured with a Kodak 1K CCD camera, archived, transported across a local area network, stored on optical disks and analyzed on a MacIntosh IIci. NIH Image is used to process these images. Results show that the optical density of GABA antibody labeling is reduced by monocular deprivation, that substance P mRNA hybridization labeling is increased by scopolamine, and that retinal terminals are densely labeled by antibodies to glutamate. These techniques are thus useful for measuring the amount of change in labeling after experimental manipulations and for distinguishing labeled from unlabeled profiles.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

An image analysis strategy to determine the distribution of cell types in spleen sections.

An image analysis strategy was designed to objectively determine distribution patterns of cell types in spleen sections. The strategy was applied to rat spleen cryostat sections that were strained immunohistochemically by means of monoclonal antibodies against different populations of lymphocytes and macrophages. The strategy revealed three segments of the spleen beginning in the middle of a central arteriole and ending within the red pulp. In each of these segments, three consecutive zones were established: the white pulp, the marginal zone, and the red pulp. In each tissue section, three segments were selected starting in two different arterioles. Consequently, six segments were analysed in each section. Special software was used to calculate percentages of positive staining in all zones in each segment. Image analysis data for each monoclonal antibody tested correlated closely with microscopical observations. The proposed strategy allows objective quantification of lymphocyte and macrophage populations and their distribution patterns. It is an useful tool for studying imbalances in cell populations in the spleen due to immune challenges.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Variability of RANKL and osteoprotegerin staining in synovial tissue from patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: quantification using color video image analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the interpatient, interbiopsy, and intrabiopsy variability of receptor activator of nuclear factor kB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) immunostaining within synovial tissue from rheumatoid knee joints with active synovitis, using digital image analysis. METHODS: Synovial biopsy specimens were obtained from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and active synovitis. Immunohistologic analysis was performed on frozen synovial tissue biopsy specimens from 6 patients using a monoclonal antibody (Mab) to detect RANKL (626) or OPG (805 or 8051). Patients with a minimum of 4 synovial biopsies were included in the study. Sections were evaluated by computer assisted image analysis to assess between-patient, between-biopsy, and intra-biopsy variability of OPG and RANKL protein expression. The study was designed to deliberately maximize the variability. RESULTS: Computerized image analysis of staining with Mab to RANKL and OPG revealed variance for each antibody across the 3 components of the total variability. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that variability in synovial immunostaining of RANKL and OPG protein is a significant and complex problem. We discuss methods to reduce this variability and suggest that the auspices of OMERACT may be employed to advance the study of synovium in collaborative international studies.

Aged↗