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Results for “brain structure”

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At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

[Serotonin binding activity of light and heavy synaptosomes from different animal brain structures following light deprivation].

The extent of interaction between serotonin (ST) with light and heavy synaptosomes from different brain regions of normal and dark-reared rabbits was studied by the author's technique, using gel filtration. The activity of this interaction in the heavy synaptosomes of the visual cortex and the colliculi superiores of the control rabbits was the same and significantly higher than that in the motor cortex. The light synaptosomes of all the investigated regions were similar by the extent of this process activity. In dark-reared rabbits the activity of ST binding by heavy synaptosomes in the visual cortex and the colliculi superiores decreased by 74--81 per cent only. A fall in the ST binding by light synaptosomes in all the regions was the same (approximately 73 per cent as compared to the control). The results obtained are discussed in the light of a possible mediator or modulator role of ST in the visual system structures.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Comparison between changes in the concentration of nerve tissue specific and nonspecific proteins in several brain structures of rats during elaboration of a conditioned bilateral defense reflex].

Comparison of the time course of the content of brain-specific and brain-nonspecific proteins in five different structures of the central nervous system immediately and one or seven days after the conditioned reflex development has shown that functions of these proteins seem to be different. They are triggered at different stages of the conditioned reflex development irrespective of the fact that both proteins are likely to be implicated in the processes of information consolidation and storage.

Animals↗
PubMed1963

"Microsome" fraction of brain: structural changes induced by ascorbic acid.

The usual vesicular configuration of membrane fragments in the brain "microsome" fraction is radically altered by treatment with ascorbic acid and adenosine monophosphate. Lightscattering measurements and electron micrographs show that the treated membranes assume predominantly planar forms. This change in structure appears to be contingent upon a continued transport of electrons from ascorbic acid.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed1986

Autoantibodies to Alzheimer and normal brain structures from virus-transformed lymphocytes.

B-Lymphocytes from two patients with Alzheimer's disease and one healthy subject were transformed into lymphoblastoid cells by exposure to Epstein-Barr virus. In culture, more than 50% of these cells secreted sufficient IgM or IgG antibody (mainly IgM) to allow immunohistochemical screening against cryostat sections of normal and Alzheimer temporal cortex. More than 30% of the IgM antibodies from each subject recognised brain components, namely: neurons, astrocytes, nuclei, nucleoli, and Alzheimer plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. This methodology represents a major addition to the procedures currently available for the generation of antibodies towards normal and pathological structures in human brain.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1998

[Qualitative evaluation of brain structure in CT in panic disorders].

This CT study was designed to assess brain morphology in panic disorder with and without agoraphobia. Twenty-one patients and 21 normal control subjects matched for age and sex were investigated. Frontal and parieto-occipital cortex, temporal cortex, lateral ventricles and 3rd ventricle were evaluated by qualitative assessment on a 3-point scale (normal, questionable, abnormal). Patients showed significant bilateral enlargement of cortical cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces (p < 0.01). The rating "abnormal" was given to none (0%) of the normal controls, but to 7 (33.3%) of the patients. Explorative analysis showed that these abnormalities were predominantly located in prefrontal regions. No qualitative differences were seen in the temporal cortex, lateral ventricles or third ventricle. These findings support the hypothesis that alterations in brain morphology are involved in the etiology of panic disorder. The lack of a correlation between CSF enlargement and duration of illness suggests that frontal CSF enlargement is a neurobiological vulnerability marker in panic disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

High resolution T1 weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the deep brain structures using a reduced bandwidth.

High spatial resolution T1 weighted images of the brain were acquired in 5-13 min on a whole-body magnetic resonance imager operating at 1.5 T. In order to obtain 5-8 cm field of view images, the receiver bandwidth (Bw) was lowered to 2 kHz. The use of a 2 kHz Bw, instead of the standard 16 kHz Bw, partially compensated the signal loss due to the small pixel size by increasing the signal-to-noise ratio, without scan time penalty. The chemical shift artifact associated with reduced Bw was not observed because fat signal is negligible in the brain.

Brain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Potentiometric monitoring of the redox state of brain structures of freely-moving rats in sleep-wake cycles].

Variations of brain tissue redox state potential (E) of freely-moving white rats (300-350 g) in cycles of wakefulness (W), slow-wave sleep (SWS), and paradoxical sleep (PS) were measured by platinum electrodes symmetrically implanted into the frontal and occipital cortices and hippocampus. In addition, EMG of neck muscles and general motor activity of animals were recorded. The common reference electrode was implanted in the nasal bone. It was shown that in some brain sites (called active), episodes of W and PS were accompanied by a rise of E, and during transitions from W and PS to SWS, E dropped. The value of E varied in the range of 100 mV. It is suggested that transitions from W and PS to SWS are accompanied by shifts in the balance between the main energy sources. Oxidative phosphorylation prevails in W and PS, whereas aerobic glycolysis is the main source of energy during SWS. We think that this suggestion is supported both by a decrease in E in SWS and its oscillations typical of glucolytic processes [Aon et al., 1992]. Recent literature data [Bitter et al., 1996] suggest that astroglia is the main compartment for aerobic glycolysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Differential 2-deoxyglucose uptake into chick brain structures during passive avoidance training.

The pattern of [14C]2-deoxyglucose(-6-phosphate) accumulation in the brains of 14 chicks, 24 h post hatch was investigated. Isotope was injected 1 min prior to birds pecking either a water-coated or a methylanthranilate-coated bead (passive avoidance training). Birds were killed following testing for pecking or avoidance of a similar but dry bead 30 min later. Autoradiograms of coronal and parasaggital brain sections were scanned densitometrically and uptake into 12 identified and relatively heavily labelled structures measured. Three of the structures, hyperstriatum ventrale (posterior), palaeostriatum augmentatum and lobus parolfactorius showed significantly enhanced labelling (by 10, 13 and 11%; p less than 0.001, less than 0.05 and less than 0.05 respectively) in the birds which had been trained on the methylanthranilate bead by comparison with those which had pecked at the water-coated bead. The results are discussed in relationship to other observed biochemical changes consequent on passive avoidance training.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Different developmental rates of selected brain structures in humans.

Various rates of development are characteristic for particular structures of the human central nervous system (CNS). The differences of the maturing brain stem and telencephalon are evident in a routine neuropathological examination. The fetal and postnatal archi- and neocortex also reveals uneven levels of maturation. In order to precisely describe those differences in humans we performed a morphological and morphometric study on the dorsal vagal nucleus of the medulla oblongata, on Ammon's horn and on neocortex from midgestation to the 18th postnatal month. The numerical density of neurones, cell perikarya and nuclear cross-sectional area, and the ratio of nucleus to perikaryon area were measured. The results demonstrate a development-dependent decrease in cell density and progressive differentiation of neurones according to their changing size. They express a process of maturation which differs in rate across the CNS structures examined.

Brain↗
PubMed2000

Novel polysialogangliosides of skate brain structural determination of tetra, penta and hexasialogangliosides with a NeuAc-GalNAc linkage.

The gangliosides in the brain of a cartilaginous fish, skate (Bathyraja smirnovi), have been isolated and characterized by means of methylation analysis, antibody binding, enzymatic hydrolysis and MALDI-TOF MS. In addition to gangliosides with known structures (GM2, fucosyl-GM1, GD3, GD2, GT3 and GT2), five polysialogangliosides were isolated and characterized as having the following structures. (1) IV3NeuAc, III6NeuAc, II3NeuAc-Gg4Cer; (2) IV3NeuAc2, III6NeuAc, II3NeuAc-Gg4Cer; (3) IV3NeuAc, III6NeuAc, II3NeuAc2-Gg4Cer; (4) IV3NeuAc, III6NeuAc, II3NeuAc3-Gg4Cer; and (5) IV3NeuAc2, III6NeuAc, II3NeuAc3-Gg4Cer. These structures are 'hybrid-type' which comprise combinations of alpha-series and either a, b or c-series structures. Three gangliosides (2), (4) and (5), were novel. The main features of the ganglioside composition of skate brain were an abundance of gangliotriaosyl species, a lack of gangliotetraosyl species (except fucosyl-GM1), and an abundance of hybrid-types. These characteristics closely resemble those in shark brain which we reported previously [Nakamura, K., Tamai, Y. & Kasama, T. (1997) Neurochem. Int. 30, 593-604]. Two of the hybrid-type gangliosides (1) and (4), were examined for their neuritogenic activity toward cultured neuronal cells (Neuro-2A), and were found to have more potent activity than nonhybrid-type gangliosides such as GM1.

Acetylgalactosamine↗