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At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

[Comparison of a bivalent anti-foot-and-mouth disease vaccine with oil adjuvant to a vaccine with DEAE-dextran adjuvant in swine].

The report compares the compatibility, efficacity and serology response of two bivalent anti-foot-and-mouth disease vaccines (OC). One is oil-adjuvanted and the other based on diethyl-amino-ethyl-dextran (DEAE-Dextran). After vaccination no general clinical or local reactions are normally observed. Tissular reactions at the inoculation site are more severe with the oil-adjuvanted vaccine than with the DEAE-Dextran vaccine. Meat inspection, about three months after injection of the vaccine, showed the lesions to be in regression and negligible. The control of activity has been performed by the virulence test. For the oil-adjuvanted vaccine, protection against O1-Lausanne, 5, 21 and 90 days after vaccination is 90%, 80-100% and 55% respectively. For the DEAE-Dextran vaccine, these levels of protection are 80% after 5 days and 20-70% after 21 days. The percentage of swine protected against C-Noville 35 days after vaccination is 100% for the oil-adjuvanted vaccine and 70% for the DEAE-Dextran vaccine. The evolution of the amount of serum antibodies was followed for three months by the method of seroneutralization on cell cultures.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1990

Construction of a bivalent oral vaccine for prevention of typhoid fever and cholera diarrhea.

A recombinant plasmid pMM-CTB containing the gene for production of the nontoxic B subunit of Vibrio cholera was transferred into a safe, effective and attenuated oral vaccine Ty21a strain of Salmonella typhi. The resulting Ty21a (pMM-CTB) could steadily produce CT-B subunit that was secreted extracellularly and had the same antigenicity as CT-B produced by V. cholera. Furthermore, the characteristics of the antigenicity, the persistance in mice and the galactose sensitivity possessed in the strain of Ty21a were also retained in Ty21a (pMM-CTB). A bivalent vaccine containing Ty21a (pMM-CTB) and the killed whole cell of V. cholera was then constructed which had good immunogenecity for typhoid fever and cholera diarrhea.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Production and study of the immunogenic properties of a bivalent inactivated vaccine against mucosal disease (bovine viral diarrhea and infectious rhinotracheitis)].

Bivalent inactivated vaccine against mucous disease (MD) and infectious rhinotracheitis (IR) in cattle was produced from cell cultural MD and IR virus suspensions. The vaccine was concentrated on aluminium hydroxide, inactivated by ethanol and is without residual virus. Saponine in final 1:1500 dilution is added as supplementary adjuvant. Immunogeneity of the vaccine was tested on 10-month-old calves, which had shown full resistance against experimental infection with virulent strains of both viruses. Testing on calves for harmlessness by use of a five-fold higher vaccine dose indicated complete tolerance of the vaccine. The prophylactic effect of the vaccine applied in practical work to directly threatened with immediate MD and IR infection cows, including pregnant ones, consisted in reduced number of cases of abortion, of inborn malformations, in lower neonatal calf death-rate, etc. No disturbances were observed following two-fold vaccination of the animals, a fact proving its harmlessness. The positive results of the studied vaccine allow its further application in the combined prophylaxis of MD and IR in calf fattening and breeding complexes.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Irreversible opiate agonists and antagonists. II. Evidence against a bivalent mechanism of action for opiate azines and diacylhydrazones.

A series of opiate azines, including naloxonazine, naltrexonazine and oxymorphonazine, produce both a wash-resistant inhibition of 3H-opioid binding and prolonged actions in vivo. Opiate diacylhydrazones synthesized from succinic, adipyl and suberic dihydrazides possess similar actions against 3H-opioid binding. Competition studies measuring inhibition of binding in the presence of the compounds revealed little difference between standard, reversible opiates such as naloxone, oxymorphone and naltrexone and our two series of compounds, the diacylhydrazones and the azines. In these assays, the diacylhydrazones, the azines, oxymorphone, naloxone and naltrexone all inhibited 3H-opioid binding with very similar IC50 values, typically under 5 nM. At concentrations under 5 nM, the inhibition of all the compounds was reversible. At higher concentrations, however, much of the inhibition of the diacylhydrazones and azines was not freely reversible, in distinction to oxymorphone, naloxone and naltrexone. Washing after the incubation of membranes with the naloxone, naltrexone or oxymorphone (50 nM) returned binding to control levels. Despite the extensive washing, the diacylhydrazones, on the other hand, lowered binding by as much as 90%. Mu binding was most sensitive to wash-resistant binding. In general, the longer dihydrazide derivatives produced wash-resistant inhibition more effectively than either the shorter dihydrazide derivatives or the corresponding azines. The ability of these compounds to produce wash-resistant inhibition of binding probably did not result from a bivalent attachment of the ligand to two binding sites at once. Additional assymetric azines and diacylhydrazones unable to bind simultaneously to two sites still produced wash-resistant inhibition of binding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The development of a bivalent vaccine against diarrhoeal disease.

The live oral typhoid vaccine Salmonella typhi Ty2la has been successfully used as an effective public health tool for the control of typhoid fever. This paper reviews the progress of one vaccine development programme, which uses this organism as a carrier of the O-antigens of Vibrio cholerae. It is already known that antibodies directed against the O-antigens have been previously demonstrated in animals to be protective against subsequent challenge with virulent organisms. This paper reports that the hybrid orally administrable typhoid/cholera vaccines that have resulted through this programme are immunogenic in humans, and therefore this represents the first significant step towards the development of an effective bivalent typhoid/cholera oral vaccine.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1988

Bivalent ligand type beta-adrenolytics related to practolol.

The synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of a number of symmetrical bivalent ligand type beta-adrenolytics related to practolol are reported. The best results have been observed with N,N'-bis[3-[2-hydroxy-3-[1-methylethyl)amino]propoxy]phenyl] ethanediamide.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1988

[Association between synaptonemal complexes of sex and autosomal bivalents in male tx/ty mice as a possible cause of their sterility].

Electron microscopic study of total preparations of synaptonemal complexes of spermatocytes I from sterile heterozygous male mice--t12/tw18; tw5/twPa-1; twPa-1/tw18 was performed. T/tw18 and C3H/N fertile heterozygotes were used in each variant as control. The cells are karyotyped in all experiments, as based on the measurements of the length of 19 SC autosomes and SC sex complex. All sterile compounds (spermatocytes) demonstrate high frequency of different types of associations (72%) between sex chromosomes and the autosome 17 carrying a chromosomal aberration in the region of the T-locus. The heterozygotes tx/ty used in our experiments show no disruption of chromosome synapsis, when even studied under electron microscope, though some atypical changes in the ultrastructure of chromosome axes and frequent atypical associations of the axes of XY-sex bivalents in sterile heterozygous animals exist.

Alleles↗
PubMed1986

[The role of bivalent cations in the binding of hexokinase II isoenzyme to mitochondrial membranes].

A comparative study of Mg2+ and Ca2+ effects on the ability of rat skeletal muscle hexokinase isozyme II to bind mitochondrial membranes isolated from the same source was carried out. It was found that the binding ability of the enzyme increases in a similar way in the presence of equimolar amounts of both cations. The dependence of binding ability on cation concentration is hyperbolic, which points to the existence of specific and equivalent metal binding sites during hexokinase attachment to the membranes. Substitution of Ca2+ for Mg2+ does not influence the tightness of the enzyme binding to membranes, which can be evidenced from the type of dependence of the bound hexokinase solubilization degree on KCl concentration in the eluting buffer. The enzyme absorption mediated by various cations is accompanied by corresponding changes in its kinetic properties (V, Km for glucose, Ki for ADP). The role of bivalent cations in the formation of the specific hexokinase-membrane binding is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Concanavalin A interactions with asparagine-linked glycopeptides. Bivalency of high mannose and bisected hybrid type glycopeptides.

We have previously reported that concanavalin A (ConA) is precipitated by a high mannose type glycopeptide (Brewer, C. F. (1979) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 90, 117-122; Bhattacharyya, L., and Brewer, C. F. (1986) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 137, 670-674). In the present study, we have investigated the ability of a series of high mannose and bisected hybrid type glycopeptides to bind and precipitate the lectin. The modes of binding of the glycopeptides were studied by nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion (NMRD) techniques, and their affinities were determined by hemagglutination inhibition measurements. The stoichiometries of the precipitation reactions were investigated by quantitative precipitation analysis. The equivalence zones (regions of maximum precipitation) of the precipitin curves indicate that certain high mannose and bisected hybrid type glycopeptides are bivalent for lectin binding. From the NMRD and precipitation data, we have identified two protein binding sites on each glycopeptide: one site on the alpha(1-6) arm of the core beta-mannose residue involving a trimannosyl moiety which binds with high affinity (primary site); and the other site on the alpha(1-3) arm of the core beta-mannose residue involving an alpha-mannose residue(s), which binds with lower affinity (secondary site). These two types of sites bind to ConA by different mechanisms. Certain bisected hybrid type glycopeptides were found to possess only the primary ConA binding sites, but not the secondary sites, and hence were able to bind but not precipitate the lectin. Other related glycopeptides have only the secondary type sites and thus exhibit low affinity and are unable to precipitate the protein. The results are related to the possible structure-function properties of cell-surface glycopeptides.

Asparagine↗
PubMed1979

Persistence of influenza serum antibodies in humans following immunization with a bivalent A/Victoria and A/New Jersey vaccine.

The persistence of serum antibodies 1 year after immunization with a bivalent vaccine containing recombinant viruses that were antigenically identical with A/Victoria/3/75 (H3N2) and A/New Jersey/8/76 (Hsw1N1) viruses was measured in 128 persons aged 18 to 65 years. Serum samples were tested with the hemagglutination inhibition assay against the two vaccine antigens and against A/Texas/1/77 (H3N2) and A/USSR/90/77 (H1N1) viruses. Prior to vaccination 56% and 79% of the participants had been found to be seronegative to A/Victoria and A/New Jersey antigens respectively; the geometric mean antibody titres were low (1:5 to 1:11) except in persons aged 51 to 65 years, whose mean titre of antibody to the A/New Jersey antigen was 1:23, and persons aged 26 to 35 years, whose mean titre of antibody to the A/USSR antigen was 1:25. By 3 weeks after vaccination 85% of the seronegative persons had a fourfold or greater rise in titres of antibodies to the viruses in the vaccine, and 70% had a fourfold increase in titre of antibody to the A/Texas antigen. Of the persons aged 26 to 35 years (seronegative and seropositive) 68% had a fourfold or greater increase in titre of antibody to the A/USSR antigen. There was no change in the mean titres of 19 unvaccinated control subjects during the observation period. At 6 and 12 months after vaccination the titres of antibodies to the A/Victoria and A/New Jersey antigens had declined moderately in all age groups from those observed 3 weeks after vaccination. The rate of decline was similar for the various antibodies except that to the A/USSR antigen in persons 26 to 35 years of age, in whom the decline was much slower.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dynamics and specificity of influenza virus antibodies as well as IgE values in serum and nasal fluid after repeated local application of live bivalent influenza vaccine.

A long term study with bivalent live influenza vaccine was carried out in 18 subjects with no previous history of egg protein hypersensitivity. Experimental conditions included a nine-fold vaccination schedule with collection of serum and nasal fluid. The parameters studied were determination of serum and local antibody formation as well as the demonstration of specific IgE antibodies in serum and nasal fluid. HI antibody response was observed in 100% of the vaccinees against vaccine related strains but not to antigenically remote isolates. NI antibodies could be demonstrated in serums and to some extent in nasal fluids. Special attention was given to induction of specific IgE antibodies to egg protein, however no indication for a vaccine induced sensitization could be detected when total and specific IgE concentrations of serum and nasal fluid were determined.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1983

Enhancement of monoclonal antibodies against HLA-A2 is due to antibody bivalency.

Enhancement between two monoclonal antibodies directed against the same antigen is when binding of one antibody, the enhancing antibody, increases the measured binding of the other antibody. This phenomenon has been observed for monoclonal antibodies against a variety of molecules including histocompatibility antigens. The mechanism of enhancement for monoclonal antibodies against HLA-A2 has been studied with purified preparations of IgG, F(ab')2 and Fab. Enhancement was only observed between antibodies against different antigenic sites. It requires bivalency of both antibody species and involves formation of stable, cyclic, tetramolecular complexes consisting of two antigen molecules and one each of the two antibody molecules. Conformational changes of either antigen or antibody do not appear to be important in this system, nor is the formation of combinatorial determinants between antigen and enhancing antibody. The enhancing properties of the antibodies studied are adequately explained in terms of their affinities and association and dissociation constants.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1983

Immunobiological properties of the complex of bivalent copper with 3-mercapto-2-hydroxypropyl ether of dextran (C-79).

The immunological investigations were carried out on mice with the aim to determine the immunotropic properties of the complex of bivalent copper with 3-mercapto-2-hydroxypropyl ether of dextran (C-79), a derivative of previously described 3-morpholine-2-hydroxypropyl ether of dextran (H-2). In the examinations of the copper complex also the H-2 preparation was applied, and for comparative purposes--levamisol, a popular stimulator of immunological responses. It was stated that C-79 similarly to H-2 and levamisol, stimulated the humoral and cellular anti-SRBC immunological responses. Moreover, it increased the number of cells producing anti-H-B antibodies, stimulated the appearance of thy-1,2 antigen on the precursor T cells and inhibited the in vivo and in vitro GvH reactions. H-2 and C-79 preparations intensified the effect of the inductor of the Poli I:C.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Antibody response of pigs to inactivated monovalent and bivalent vaccines for porcine parvovirus and pseudorabies virus.

Groups of pigs vaccinated with an inactivated bivalent vaccine containing porcine parvovirus (PPV) and pseudorabies virus (PRV) developed geometric mean titers (GMT) of humoral antibody for each of the viruses as high or slightly higher than those of other groups of pigs that were vaccinated with inactivated monovalent vaccines containing one or the other of the same viruses. An increase in GMT after challenge exposure of vaccinated pigs to live virus indicated that vaccination did not prevent virus replication. However, an indication that replication was less extensive in vaccinated pigs was provided by the following. Although neither vaccinated nor nonvaccinated (control) pigs had clinical signs after exposure to the live PPV, the effect of vaccination was evident by the fact that GMT were higher in nonvaccinated pigs after exposure than they were in vaccinated pigs. Conversely, all pigs exposed to live PRV had clinical signs, but these signs varied between mild-to-moderate and transient for vaccinated pigs to severe and fatal for nonvaccinated pigs.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Interaction of the polyene antibiotic nystatin with bivalent copper ions].

Characteristic features of interaction of nystatin with bivalent copper salts in water, methanol and dimethylsulfoxide were studied. It was shown that stable compounds of copper and nystatin at ratios of 1 : 2 and 1 : 4 formed in the above solvents. The antibiotic in these compounds was in an inert, native or activated state. Physicochemical and biological properties of the compounds were investigated.

Avian Sarcoma Viruses↗