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At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Differential effects of neuropathic analgesics on wind-up-like pain and somatosensory function in healthy volunteers.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of gabapentin, carbamazepine, and amitriptyline on temporal summation, simple nociceptive pain, and innocuous touch sensation in healthy volunteers. METHODS: A placebo controlled four-way crossover double-blind randomized protocol was followed. Seventeen healthy subjects, male and female, aged 18 to 24, took part. Punctate pain, temporal summation pain to repeat punctate stimulation, and vibration detection threshold were assessed in triplicate. Study drugs were given as bedtime and early morning doses with assessments carried out midmorning. RESULTS: Gabapentin and carbamazepine significantly reduced the intensity of temporal summation pain (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01 respectively), whereas amitriptyline significantly increased temporal summation pain (P < 0.001). None of the drugs affected pain produced by a single punctate stimulus (P > 0.05). Carbamazepine increased vibration detection thresholds (P < 0.05), but neither gabapentin nor amitriptyline had any detectable effect on vibration. DISCUSSION: We have shown that gabapentin, carbamazepine, and amitriptyline, three pharmacologically different drugs, have distinct and quantifiable effects on somatosensory pathways in healthy volunteers. These findings provide a link between pharmacology of the study drugs and clinical effectiveness. The effects of gabapentin and carbamazepine on temporal summation pain show that these drugs can block centrally amplified wind-up pain in the absence of a neuropathic disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Diffusion in the vicinity of standard-design nuclear power plants--I. Wind-tunnel evaluation of diffusive characteristics of a simulated suburban neutral atmospheric boundary layer.

A large meteorological wind tunnel was used to simulate a suburban atmospheric boundary layer. The model-prototype scale was 1:300 and the roughness length was approximately 1.0 m full scale. The model boundary layer simulated full scale dispersion from ground-level and elevated release points over surfaces of comparable roughness length. This information should prove useful in a variety of transport and diffusion studies over short to moderate downwind distances. It will be used in Part II as the baseline data set with which to compare diffusion downwind of standard-design nuclear power plants.

Air Pollution, Radioactive↗
PubMed1982

Diffusion in the vicinity of standard-design nuclear power plants--II. Wind-tunnel evaluation of building-wake characteristics.

Laboratory experiments were conducted to simulate radiopollutant effluents released to the atmosphere from two standard-design nuclear power plants. The main objective of the study was to compare the dispersion in the wakes of the plants with that in a simulated atmospheric boundary layer. Dispersion functions are determined that describe the spread of the effluent plume in the wake of each plant. These dispersion functions are described by power laws. They are determined for three incident wind angles and the number of stacks associated with each plant. Lateral plume spread was directly related to the silhouette area of the plants. A graphical technique is presented relating the lateral dispersion to the associated silhouette area of the building or building complex.

Air Pollution, Radioactive↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CT diagnosis of an unusual aortic dissection with intimointimal intussusception: the wind sock sign.

A unique combination of CT findings is reported in a rare case of aortic dissection with intimointimal intussusception. The CT showed a wind sock-like appearance in the contrast column of the aortic arch, which was felt to be characteristic of the intussuceptum. Complementary CT findings, including proximal flap in the dilated root of the aorta, no mid-ascending aortic flap, a descending aortic flap, and pericardial effusion, enabled establishment of the preoperative diagnosis.

Aortic Dissection↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multidetector row computed tomography and volume rendering of an adult duodenal intraluminal "wind sock" diverticulum.

Adult duodenal intraluminal "wind sock" diverticulum (IWD) is a rare entity commonly complicated by pancreatitis and usually diagnosed by barium study or at surgery. We present surgical correlation of a case studied with multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) and three-dimensional volume rendering (3DVR), which offered some unique insight into this condition and its pathophysiology.

Diverticulum↗
PubMed2002

Anomalous three-dimensional symmetries of solar-wind plasma.

An example of a combination of Kolmogorov three-dimensional properties with Alfvén two-dimensional properties in solar-wind plasma is given using recent data obtained with the Advanced Composition Explorer satellite at the L1 libration point. Both spectral and moments scaling analyses are used to demonstrate the possibility of such a combination. Two-decade scaling and the large number of the scaling exponents under consideration indicate the robustness of this observation.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Winding number locking on a two-dimensional torus: synchronization of quasiperiodic motions.

We propose a new autonomous dynamical system of dimension N = 4 that demonstrates the regime of stable two-frequency motions and period-doubling bifurcations of a two-dimensional torus. It is shown that the period-doubling bifurcation of the two-dimensional torus is not followed by the resonance phenomenon, and the two-dimensional ergodic torus undergoes a period-doubling bifurcation. The interaction of two generators is also analyzed. The phenomenon of external and mutual synchronization of two-frequency oscillations is observed, for which winding number locking on a two-dimensional torus takes place.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Harmonic measure and winding of conformally invariant curves.

The exact joint multifractal distribution for the scaling and winding of the electrostatic potential lines near any conformally invariant scaling curve is derived in two dimensions. Its spectrum f(alpha,lambda) gives the Hausdorff dimension of the points where the potential scales with distance r as H approximately r(alpha) while the curve logarithmically spirals with a rotation angle phi=lambdalnr. It obeys the scaling law f(alpha,lambda)=(1+lambda(2))f(alpha)-blambda(2) with alpha=alpha/(1+lambda(2)) and b=(25-c)/12, and where f(alpha) identical with f(alpha,0) is the pure harmonic measure spectrum, and c the conformal central charge. The results apply to O(N) and Potts models, as well as to stochastic Löwner evolution.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Neutrinos from pulsar wind bubbles as precursors to gamma-ray bursts.

The supranova model for gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) has recently gained popularity. In this scenario the GRB occurs weeks to years after a supernova explosion, and is located inside a pulsar wind bubble (PWB). High energy protons from the PWB can interact with photons from the rich radiation field inside the PWB or collide with cold protons from the supernova remnant, producing pions which decay into approximately 10-10(3) TeV neutrinos. The predicted neutrino flux from the PWBs that host the GRBs should be easily detectable by planned 1 km(2) detectors.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Neutrinos of energy approximately 10(16) eV from gamma-ray bursts in pulsar wind bubbles.

The supranova model for gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is becoming increasingly more popular. In this scenario the GRB occurs weeks to years after a supernova explosion, and is located inside a pulsar wind bubble (PWB). Protons accelerated in the internal shocks that emit the GRB may interact with the external PWB photons producing pions which decay into approximately 10(16) eV neutrinos. A km(2) neutrino detector would observe several events per year correlated with the GRBs.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Spatial correlation of solar-wind turbulence from two-point measurements.

Interplanetary turbulence, the best studied case of low frequency plasma turbulence, is the only directly quantified instance of astrophysical turbulence. Here, magnetic field correlation analysis, using for the first time only proper two-point, single time measurements, provides a key step in unraveling the space-time structure of interplanetary turbulence. Simultaneous magnetic field data from the Wind, ACE, and Cluster spacecraft are analyzed to determine the correlation (outer) scale, and the Taylor microscale near Earth's orbit.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Phase winding in chiral liquid crystalline monolayers due to Lehmann effects.

We model recent experimental results by Tabe and Yokoyama on chiral liquid crystalline monolayers driven by the transmembrane transfer of water molecules. We point out that the target patterns found for the orientation of the in-plane preferred direction can be described as phase winding due to Lehmann effects, which are specific to macroscopically chiral systems. The model presented has only one variable and is driven and dissipative. Including the effects of noise leads to an accurate representation of the patterns observed experimentally. Future experimental tests of the model are suggested.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Lagrangian measurements of inertial particle accelerations in grid generated wind tunnel turbulence.

We describe Lagrangian measurements of water droplets in grid generated wind tunnel turbulence at a Taylor Reynolds number of R(lambda)=250 and an average Stokes number (St) of approximately 0.1. The inertial particles are tracked by a high speed camera moving along the side of the tunnel at the mean flow speed. The standardized acceleration probability density functions of the particles have spread exponential tails that are narrower than those of a fluid particles (St approximately 0) and there is a decrease in the acceleration variance with increasing Stokes number. A simple vortex model shows that the inertial particles selectively sample the fluid field and are less likely to experience regions of the fluid undergoing the largest accelerations. Recent direct numerical simulations compare favorably with these first measurements of Lagrangian statistics of inertial particles in highly turbulent flows.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Epoxy-based production of wind turbine rotor blades: occupational dermatoses.

Occupational dermatoses were investigated in a factory producing rotor blades for wind turbines by an epoxy-based process. In a blinded study design, 603 workers were first interviewed and thereafter clinically examined. Based on a history of work-related skin disease, clinical findings of dermatitis, or both, 325 (53.9%) of the workers were patch tested with a specially profiled occupational patch-test series and the European standard patch-test series. Calculated on all investigated workers, 17.1% of the workers were diagnosed with occupational dermatoses caused by work. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis was found in 10.9% of the workers. The estimated frequency of irritant contact dermatitis caused by work was 6.1%. Dermatitis on the hands was associated with contact allergy to epoxy resin (P = 0.017). The number of days on leave before the clinical examination was negatively associated with the presence of dermatitis (P = 0.001). Among workers employed 7-12 months, the frequency of occupational contact allergy was higher than that among workers employed for </=6 months (P = 0.004). Females both washed their hands more often (P < 0.001) and used more moisturizers/protection creams at work (P < 0.001) than males. No sex differences were found concerning dermatitis on the hands.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Synaptic Connections of Different Strength Between Wind-sensitive Hairs and an Identified Projection Interneuron in the Locust.

An identified intersegmental interneuron in Locusta and Schistocerca, with its cell body in the fourth abdominal ganglion and an axon which projects to the brain is excited by mechanosensory inputs from receptors on the head and neck. The organization of its receptive field, the types of sensory receptors which contribute to it and the patterns and strengths of the afferent connections were investigated by intracellular recording from the axon of the interneuron close to a spike-initiating site in the prothoracic ganglion. The receptive field of the interneuron consists of a small patch of hairs on the head ipsilateral to the axon, and from hairs on two regions of the prosternum (a cuticular structure on the ventral surface of the prothoracic segment), first an ipsilateral, lateral region and second a medial but contralateral region. Hairs on the pronotum (dorsal neck) also contribute but were not investigated here. Each spike in the afferent from a hair with a filiform appearance and with a pigmented base on the prosternum consistently evokes an EPSP in the interneuron. These have a short and constant latency, indicating that the connection is probably direct. The head hairs also appear to make direct connections with the interneuron in the prothoracic ganglion, so that the spike-initiating site here can integrate signals evoked by wind on the head and on the prosternum. Stiff tactile hairs on the prosternum do not connect with the interneuron. The EPSPs evoked by the long filiform hairs are consistently larger than those produced by the short filiform hairs and a single spike in some of the afferents from the long filiform hairs can evoke a spike in the interneuron. The effectiveness of an afferent is therefore correlated with the length of the filiform hair it innervates. The hairs with the most powerful effects are always the longest and occur in the same position on every locust. The shape of the receptive field and the different strengths of connections are apparent even in early larval instars. The axonal branches of the interneuron are restricted to the same side of the ganglion as the axon itself. Afferents from filiform hairs on the medial region of the prosternum project contralaterally, and those from the lateral region project ipsilaterally. Afferents from some of the head hairs project ipsilaterally directly to the prothoracic ganglion. The terminals of all these afferents overlap with the branches of the interneuron. By contrast, the afferents of tactile hairs which do not connect, project to different regions of neuropile. The connections ensure that the high sensitivity of the filiform hairs is maintained at the first stage in the central processing and suggest a role for this interneuron in supplying information about small changes in air currents that may be of use in controlling steering manoeuvres during flight.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Aetiology of obesity: a striving after wind?

The current global epidemic of obesity is fuelled by a constant, unidirectional adverse effect on energy balance that exceeds the adaptive capacity of the system. The individual response to this environmental pressure is under the control of a variety of genes, which not only interacts with environmental factors but also with one another. Since the discovery that adipocytes may produce and secrete hormones, the adipose tissue has taken on increasing importance in the regulation of energy balance. Indeed, the pathogenesis of obesity, once regarded as so obvious and simple, is becoming one of the most complex in medical practice. From a clinical perspective, obesity is associated with a remarkably broad spectrum of health complications and, over the years, obesity-related mortality has consistently increased. From a theoretical viewpoint, the growing complexity of factors affecting the liability to obesity, the inconsistency of scientific results, the lack of consensus among scientists, and so forth, obstruct our efforts to unravel the aetiology of obesity. Is the field of obesity research merely a striving after wind, and nothing more?

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2006

Trigeminal neuralgia in wind musicians.

The author reports 3 patients with trigeminal neuralgia whose pain was triggered by musical performance. Use of the muscles of embouchure activated the trigger zone when playing the clarinet, saxophone, flute, piccolo, trombone, or whistling. In each case, the location of the trigger zone was perioral, regardless of which division of the trigeminal nerve emanated pain. Trigeminal neuralgia is a particularly disabling affliction when it occurs in wind musicians.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Wind-instrument reflection function measurements in the time domain.

Theoretical and computational analyses of wind-instrument sound production in the time domain have emerged as useful tools for understanding musical instrument acoustics, yet there exist few experimental measurements of the air-column response directly in the time domain. A new experimental, time-domain technique is proposed to measure the reflection function response of woodwind and brass-instrument air columns. This response is defined at the location of sound regeneration in the mouthpiece or double reed. A probe assembly comprised of an acoustic source and microphone is inserted directly into the air column entryway using a foam plug to ensure a leak-free fit. An initial calibration phase involves measurements on a single cylindrical tube of known dimensions. Measurements are presented on an alto saxophone and euphonium. The technique has promise for testing any musical instrument air columns using a single probe assembly and foam plugs over a range of diameters typical of air-column entryways.

Acoustics↗