Low vision aids: a part of the retinologist's responsibility.
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Closed circuit television (CCTV) systems have proven useful in professional and recreational rehabilitation of the partially sighted. However, the parameters for optimum performance on such systems have not been examined. This investigation shows that contrast is an important parameter in CCTV reading performance; for many patients, even slight contrast reductions significantly reduce reading performance. Distance acuity is not a good predictor of CCTV reading performance, nor is performance on conventional contrast sensitivity measures. However, a commercially available test for contrast sensitivity (the Arden plates) may be useful for predicting CCTV reading performance.
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We report a simple method for measuring the extent of the visual field in patients from whom this measurement is difficult. One Maddox rod is used before the eye under test. Through the Maddox rod lens, this eye sees a white streak produced by a penlight. While fixating this white streak another penlight is brought into the field of view from the periphery. The patient is required to report only whether he sees one or two light streaks. The results correlate well with field measurements made on the tangent screen in patients with simulated field losses.
In this case report, a patient's visual loss associated with both cataract and senile macular degeneration is described. The contrast sensitivity function (CSF) as well as Retinometer and Visometer findings indicate that the additional visual loss over a year's time was lenticular, rather than retinal, in origin.
Defects of the neuromotor system of the eye found to occur in 80% of 70 visually impaired children. The influence of such defects on the developing visual acuity is discussed. Early and intensified treatment is suggested to minimize negative effects and promote visual development.