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At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Shape and depth perception from parallel projections of three-dimensional motion.

Parallel projections of dots on the surface of a transparent sphere rotating about a vertical axis provide strong impressions of depth and spherical shape. The hypothesis was tested that these impressions are the result of three perceptual heuristics: (a) The sinusoidal projected velocity function of each dot in the horizontal dimension tends to be perceived as a rotary motion in depth; (b) the projected velocity gradient in the vertical dimension is perceived as curvature in depth; and (c) the simultaneously visible fields of dots moving in opposite directions are perceived as surfaces separated in depth. When each factor was varied independently, all three significantly affected judgments of spherical shape and depth. Similar results were obtained with cylinders. The first factor was more important for shape judgments; the second was generally more important for depth judgments. These results, together with those of earlier studies in which these factors led to similar effects for different stimuli and transformations, suggest that these are general principles applicable to the perception of structure from both rigid and nonrigid motion.

Depth Perception↗
PubMed1990

Barriers to the care of persons with dual diagnoses: organizational and financing issues.

Among the frustrations of managing the dual disorders of chronic mental illness and alcohol and drug abuse is the fact that knowing what to do (by way of special programming) is insufficient to address the problem. The system problems are at least as intractable as the chronic illnesses themselves. Organizing and financing care of patients with comorbities is complicated. At issue are the ways in which we administer mental health and alcohol and drug treatment as well as finance that care. Separate administrative divisions and funding pools, while appropriate for political expediency, visibility, and administrative efficiency, have compounded the problems inherent in serving persons with multiple disabilities. Arbitrary service divisions and categorical boundaries at the State level prevent local governments and programs from organizing joint projects or creatively managing patients across service boundaries. When patients cannot adapt to the way services are organized, we risk reinforcing their overutilization of inpatient and emergency services, which are ineffective mechanisms for delivering the care these patients need. This article reviews the barriers in organization and financing of care (categoric and third party financing, including the special problem of diagnosis-related groups limitations) and proposes strategies to enhance the delivery of appropriate treatment.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1993

Tip graft: a 20-year retrospective.

This paper chronicles a personal experience with nasal tip grafts over 20 years. In the first period (1968-1975), the original graft was designed for use in secondary rhinoplasty cases to obtain both projection of the tip and increased angulation at the columellar-lobular junction. The use was soon expanded to primary patients with inadequate tip projection. During the middle period (1975-1982), the applications for tip grafting were expanded to include many kinds of tip problems (both primary and secondary), cleft lip noses, and various ethnic noses, especially those with thick skin. The incidence of postoperative displacement and/or visibility of the graft was reduced as multiple grafts of solid, bruised, and crushed cartilage became routine. Ear cartilage was first used and ethmoid was abandoned as a primary graft. The incidence of infection was significantly reduced. The current period (1982-1991) is marked by refinements in technique and materials. Greater versatility with graft composition and materials makes possible a variety of tip configurations, custom-made for individual requirements.

Cartilage↗
PubMed1992

Studies on newly designed tooth surface treatments for adhesive composite restoration.

Recently, problems have occurred frequently such as cervical and exposed dentin surface lesions or root caries and subsequent hypersensitivity because of further increase of the elderly population. This study was projected to device a proper and simple treatment and materials for the adhesive composite restoration for such lesions. The 10-20Ca (10% citric acid containing 20% calcium chloride) solution was found to be a comparatively mild tooth surface conditioning agent and to be effective with a single application to both dentin and enamel. In addition, the use of the SA primer (3% N-methacryloyl 5-aminosalicylic acid in 80% ethanol) and the LVR (visible light-cured, 33% microfilled low viscous Bis-GMA resin) dramatically improved the adhesion and adaptability of the composite restoration in the saucer cavity at the cervical area.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1997

Cryo-electron microscopy of low density lipoprotein and reconstituted discoidal high density lipoprotein: imaging of the apolipoprotein moiety.

Cryo-electron microscopy was used to analyze the structure of low density lipoprotein from normolipidemic subjects (N-LDL), phospholipid-depleted N-LDL (PD-LDL), small dense LDL from hypertriglyceridemic subjects (SD-LDL), and reconstituted discoidal high density lipoproteins (rHDL). In different projections of N-LDL, a high density component of the particle was visible as two parallel bands or as a single ring. Projections of PD-LDL were very similar to those of N-LDL, indicating that the contribution of phospholipid headgroups to the observed high density structure is minor. In preparations of SD-LDL, projections with two high density bands or a single high density ring were rare. Instead, triangular and diamond-shaped projections were recognized. In different projections of discoidal rHDL, a high density component was visible as a single band or as a single ring. The present results indicate that cryo-electron microscopy reveals the distribution of apolipoproteins within lipoprotein particles. Thus, apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB) in N-LDL appears to be organized as a double ring around the particle, while apoB in SD-LDL is indicated to have a different conformation. Cryo-electron micrographs of rHDL are consistent with the presence of apolipoprotein A-I on the periphery of the lipoprotein disc.

Apolipoprotein A-I↗
PubMed1997

The effect of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist dextromethorphan on perioperative brain injury in children undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: results of a pilot study.

Experimental evidence indicates a role of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor in the pathogenesis of brain injury occurring during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Dextromethorphan is a noncompetitive antagonist of this receptor with a favorable safety profile. Thirteen children age 3-36 months undergoing cardiac surgery with expected CPB of 60 minutes or more were randomly assigned to treatment with dextromethorphan (36-38 mg/kg/day) or placebo administered by naso-gastric tube. Dextromethorphan was absorbed well and reached putative therapeutic levels in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Adverse effects were not observed. Mild hemiparesis developed after operation in one child of each group, and severe encephalopathy in one of the placebo group. Sharp waves were recorded in postoperative continuous electroencephalography in all placebo (n = 7) but only in 2/6 dextromethorphan treated children (p = 0.02). Pre- and postoperative cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed less pronounced ventricular enlargement in the dextromethorphan group (not significant). An increase of periventricular white matter lesions was visible in two placebo-treated children only. No elevations of cerebrospinal fluid enzymes were observed in either group. Although children with dextromethorphan showed less abnormalities in electroencephalography and MRI, dissimilarities of the treatment groups by chance diminished conclusions to possible protective effects of dextromethorphan at this time.

Brain Chemistry↗
PubMed2003

Head and neck vascular malformations: time-resolved MR projection angiography.

Extracranial vascular anomalies can be divided into haemangiomas and vascular malformations. The latter can be subdivided on the basis of the predominant type of vascular channels. Separation of high- and low-flow vascular malformations is of clinical importance. We report preliminary observations on time-resolved magnetic resonance projection angiography (MRPA) of vascular malformations of the head and neck. We examined eight patients with vascular anomalies of the head and neck. On MRPA the time between the early arterial phase and enhancement of the malformation could be used to distinguish high- and low-flow lesions. High-flow arteriovenous malformations showed early, intense enhancement. Venous malformations were either not visible on MRPA or showed late enhancement of veins. One patient was examined after embolisation of an arteriovenous fistula of the mandible. Normal MRPA was taken to indicate absence of a residual lesion.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Is glass visible on plain radiographs? A cadaver study.

Eighteen randomly selected pieces of nonleaded glass from a collection of 30 pieces from broken bottles of four known color types found on the streets of Houston were sorted into four sets with one control. The purpose of this study was to determine if regular glass is visible on plain radiographs and whether color, location, or volume of these fragments had any effect on the detection of nonleaded glass. These sets were then placed into a fresh-frozen cadaver foot and ankle with a history of insulin-dependent diabetes and peripheral vascular disease. This foot was radiographed utilizing four standard foot projections. Five examiners read these five sets of radiographs twice and recorded the number seen. Overall sensitivity for all of the examiners was 90% with an overall false-positive rate of 10%. Intraobserver and interobserver Pearson's correlation coefficients showed that there was reliability between the first and second readings and between observers. The authors concluded that regular nonleaded glass is radiographically visible and that factors such as color and location of the glass have no effect on its detection, while a volume of less than 15 mm3 may have an effect on the detection of glass.

Cadaver↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CT angiography of intracranial aneurysms: a focus on postprocessing.

Computed tomographic (CT) angiography is a well-known tool for detection of intracranial aneurysms and the planning of therapeutic intervention. Despite a wealth of existing studies and an increase in image quality due to use of multisection CT and increasingly sophisticated postprocessing tools such as direct volume rendering, CT angiography has still not replaced digital subtraction angiography as the standard of reference for detection of intracranial aneurysms. One reason may be that CT angiography is still not a uniformly standardized method, particularly with regard to image postprocessing. Several methods for two- and three-dimensional visualization can be used: multiplanar reformation, maximum intensity projection, shaded surface display, and direct volume rendering. Pitfalls of CT angiography include lack of visibility of small arteries, difficulty differentiating the infundibular dilatation at the origin of an artery from an aneurysm, the kissing vessel artifact, demonstration of venous structures that can simulate aneurysms, inability to identify thrombosis and calcification on three-dimensional images, and beam hardening artifacts produced by aneurysm clips. Finally, an algorithm for the safe and useful application of CT angiography in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage has been developed, which takes into account the varying quality of equipment and software at different imaging centers.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1994

Dementia care and respite services program.

In 1987 The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation announced the creation of the Dementia Care and Respite Services Program (DCRSP), the first national demonstration project to focus on day center and respite services for persons with dementia. The intent of $5.1 million, 4-year (1988-1992) program was to demonstrate that nonprofit day centers could provide financially viable programs and services needed by people with dementia and their caregivers. Seventeen grantees in 13 states, representing 21 different organizations and operating 24 day centers, participated in the project throughout the entire 4 years. The DCRSP has provided the first overview of dementia-specific day programs in the United States, with specific insight as to who is being served (e.g., participant and caregiver characteristics), types of assistance needed in relation to activities of daily living, and the most common behavior problems being exhibited. In addition, results of the 4-year project support the fact that community-based day centers can effectively care for people with dementia, a demand for these services does exist, and families consider these services of sufficient value that they are willing to pay for them out-of-pocket. Results also show that nonprofit day centers can become financially viable programs if attention is given to factors such as providing consumer-responsive services, charging what services actually cost, and having a high level of community visibility. The net result is increased net operating revenue with improved financial performance and enhanced long-term stability.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Localization of breast lesions identified on only one mammographic view.

Occasionally, a breast lesion is visible in only one mammographic projection. A simplified method of using parallax in a dedicated mammographic system has been devised to locate accurately lesions that are not visible in two orthogonal projections. In eight patients, a parallax approach from essentially a single mammographic position was used to place a hookwire preoperatively at nonpalpable suspicious abnormalities detected by mammography. Needles were inserted parallel to the chest wall while the breast was compressed in the mammographic unit. In each case, the tissue containing the lesion was pierced by a needle chosen to be longer than the distance from the skin to the abnormality. Simple geometric ratios were used to determine the position of the lesion along the needle shaft after slightly changing the mammographic projection and viewing the needle obliquely. In all cases, this parallax approach permitted accurate localization of the lesion.

Breast Diseases↗
PubMed1980

Thermographic analysis of skin test reaction using AGA thermovision.

The course of infrared thermography including isothermograms on the skin surface was investigated considering blood flow, redness of the skin and permeability of blood vessel, in the following skin reactions: 1. Intracutaneous injection of histamine and histamine liberator compound 48/80 increased the heat radiation. Local application of antihistamine externa which decreased the development of the urticarial histamine reaction, increased the infrared radiation of the skin surface. Combined injection of histamine or histamine liberators with antihistamines in a sufficient dosis (1:1 respectively 4:1) diminished also the heat radiation in addition to the urticarial reaction. 2. The Pyrexal reaction of the skin with early erythema and later papule development shows an equivalent picture in the AGA Thermovision. The pretreatment shows an equivalent picture in the AGA Thermovision. The pretreatment of the skin with corticosteroid ointments shows a corresponding lowering of the erythema, of papule development as well as of heat radiation. The blanching of corticosteroids after occlusive dressing is difficult to recognize by the isotherms of AGA Thermovision. 3. Allergic reactions of the immediate type show, corresponding to the wheal eruption, a marked increased of heat radiation combined with a projection of the enlarged veins on the skin surface. 4. Allergic reactions of the delayed type are combined with a definite elevation of heat radiation of the skin. The area of a positive skin test with allergic eczematous reaction shows a distinct elevation of ann infrared radiation. Although the allergic skin area which was substantiated by a positive skin test was no longer visible, a distinct infrared radiation could be detected. Preventive treatment of the test area of skin patch-testing with corticosteroids inhibits the heat radiation even if the allergic eczematous reaction occurs faintly. The thermographic analysis of the different skin test reactions complied with the morphological aspects of the reaction.

Dermatitis, Atopic↗
PubMed2003

Clinical evaluation of a breathing protocol for PET/CT.

The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and severity of respiration-induced curvilinear respiration artifacts (RICA) on co-registered positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) images acquired on a combined PET/CT scanner before and after modifying the respiration protocol for CT scanning, with retrospective analysis of two groups of 100 patients each, before and after implementing a respiration protocol with breath-hold (BH) in the normal expiration position for the acquisition of the CT images. The CT data were used as attenuation map and for image co-registration. A ranking of co-registered PET/CT and PET images (including maximum intensity projection) was done by two observers in consensus using a scale from 0 to 3. Zero indicated that no RICA was visible and 1, 2, and 3 described artifact with increasing severity. A significant difference in RICA occurrence was found between the two groups ( p<0.0001). There was a 45% decrease of artifact frequency when using the normal expiration protocol and a 68% decrease of grade-2 and grade-3 artifacts ( p=0.004). The results of this study suggest that BH during the normal expiration position for CT scanning can be recommended to reduce the occurrence and the severity of RICA on PET/CT.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Alternative light source (polilight) illumination with digital image analysis does not assist in determining the age of bruises.

The age of a bruise may be of interest to forensic investigators. Previous research has demonstrated that an alternative light source may assist in the visualisation of faint or non-visible bruises. This project aimed to determine if an alternative light source could be utilised to assist investigators estimate the age of a bruise. Forty braises, sustained from blunt force trauma, were examined from 30 healthy subjects. The age of the bruises ranged from 2 to 231 h (mean = 74.6, median = 69.0). Alternative light source (polilight) illumination at 415 and 450 nm was used. The black and white photographs obtained were assessed using densitometry. A statistical analysis indicated that there was no correlation between time and the mean densitometry values. The alternative light source used in this study was unable to assist in determining the age of a bruise.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Using a registry to improve immunization delivery.

The NJIPSP was successful in encouraging a group of small urban practices to adopt the use of immunization registry and to transform immunization delivery from a mechanistic well-child service to a visible, monitored process of care. The project represents a unique combination of technology, public-private collaboration, and well-established quality improvement techniques. The change process involved the whole office as a team in adopting new immunization delivery roles and services. The greatest barrier to acceptance of the registry was (and continues to be) the need for manual data entry as the primary source of data collection, rather than electronic data transfer from other systems. The manual entry of data was labor intensive for participating practices and affected data measurement. Despite this barrier, however, the majority of practices substantially improved the quality of their immunization delivery practices in multiple areas. The rapid movement of primary care practices toward some form of electronic record may reduce this barrier and increase the percentage of practices willing to use a community registry. Practices that engaged collectively in the change process gained momentum from the group effort. Equally important was the public health partnership that helped identify and reduce improvement obstacles. Sustainability of practice-based immunization changes will rely, in part, on the registry's ease of use and the continued visibility of public health at the practice level. Active practice level collaboration by public health adds great value to change efforts. We believe that the best possible immunization delivery relies on both technology (registries and the EMR) and effective office systems. Projects like the NJIPSP are models for systems that integrate technology, practice change, and quality improvement, and their success has the potential to foster the spread of this approach to other primary care practices (especially in New Jersey). The NJIPSP combination of office-based change approaches and an active partnership and hands on involvement with public health has the potential to support the delivery of consistently excellent immunization delivery.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neonatal skin care: clinical outcomes of the AWHONN/NANN evidence-based clinical practice guideline. Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses and the National Association of Neonatal Nurses.

OBJECTIVE: To test the effectiveness of an evidence-based clinical practice guideline for neonatal skin care on selected clinical outcomes for newborns in neonatal intensive-care units (NICU), special-care units (SCU), and well-baby nurseries. DESIGN: Prospective evaluation of the collaborative neonatal skin care research-based practice project of the Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses and the National Association of Neonatal Nurses. SETTING: NICU and well-baby units in 51 hospitals located throughout the United States. PARTICIPANTS: Member site coordinators (N = 51) and the neonates (N= 2,820) observed during both the pre- and postimplementation phases of the project. METHOD: Site coordinators received specialized education in neonatal skin care and implemented an evidence-based clinical practice guideline addressing 10 aspects of neonatal skin care. Baseline observations of skin condition, care practices, and environment of newly admitted neonates were collected by site coordinators. Postimplementation observations were then completed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Skin condition was assessed with the Neonatal Skin Condition Score (NSCS), which ranges from a score of three (best condition) to a score of nine (worst condition), based on dryness, erythema, and skin breakdown. Changes in frequency of selected skin care practices were used to assess the effectiveness and feasibility of using the practice guideline in everyday clinical practice. Aspects of the care environment with potential effect on skin integrity were monitored to determine risk factors. RESULTS: Fifty-one site coordinators made 11,468 systematic assessments of 2,464 NICU and SCU newborns and 356 well newborns. Baseline skin scores were better in well newborns compared with premature newborns. After implementation of the guideline, skin condition was improved, as reflected by less visible dryness, redness, and skin breakdown in both the NICU/SCU and well newborns. The guideline was integrated into care, as evidenced by increased use of emollients, particularly with premature infants, and decreased frequency of bathing. A relationship was shown between selected aspects of the environment and alterations in skin integrity. CONCLUSIONS: Use of the AWHONN/NANN Neonatal Skin Care Research-Based Clinical Practice Guideline was successfully implemented at 51 sites, and effectiveness was demonstrated by changed care practices and improved skin condition in premature and full-term newborns. The results of this project support a wider dissemination of the project's practice guideline for neonatal skin care.

Clinical Nursing Research↗
PubMed1960

The fine structure of the epithelial cells of the mouse prostate. I. Coagulating gland epithelium.

The fine structure of the epithelial cells of the anterior lobe, or coagulating gland, of the mouse prostate has been investigated by electron microscopy. This organ is composed of small tubules, lined by tall, simple cuboidal epithelium surrounded by connective tissue and smooth muscle. The epithelial cells are limited by a distinct plasma membrane, which covers minute projections of the cytoplasm into the lumen. The cell membranes of adjacent cells are separated by a narrow layer of structureless material of low density. The cavities of the endoplasmic reticulum are greatly dilated, and the cytoplasmic matrix is reduced to narrow strands, in which the various organelles are visible. The content of the cavities of the endoplasmic reticulum appears as structureless material of lesser density than the cytoplasmic matrix. Material which may be interpreted as secretion products can be seen in the lumina of the tubules. The possible nature of the material inside the cisternal spaces and the secretory mechanisms in these cells is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

A nurse practitioner-led farmers' health service: setting up and evaluating a UK project.

The farming community in the UK have significant unmet health-care needs that have traditionally remained invisible. The project that is the subject of this paper is an attempt to improve access to health care for farmers and make their needs visible. It is based in an upland area of England and involves two nurse practitioners (NPs) and two support workers who provide health care for the farming community. The main targets of the project are farm accidents, mental health and occupational diseases. The NPs visit farms, on request, for consultations and also attend auction marts, agricultural shows and other farmers' meetings. Evaluation is by a telephone follow-up interview with a sample of clients seen by the NP, who will be compared with a group from a similar area who do not receive the service. A farm accident survey is underway, case notes are being audited and the NPs are keeping a reflective diary as further sources of data.

Accidents, Occupational↗