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PubMed1987

Relative risk estimation from vital statistical data: validation, a pitfall and an alternative method.

A previously described method of obtaining an estimate of relative risk from routinely available data was applied to data on cigarette consumption and lung cancer mortality to test its validity. Some shortcomings of the method were noted and an alternative approach using weighted logistic regression gave results closer to those predicted on the basis of other studies, without the disadvantages of the original technique.

Female↗
PubMed2002

[Comparison of Chuvashs with Maris and Russians by vital statistics and the Crow index].

Genetic demographic characteristics were calculated for Chuvash and Russian inhabitants of the Republic of Chuvashia. The generation lengths were 27.09 and 26.4 years and the sibship sizes were 2.54 and 1.82 for Chuvashes and Russians, respectively. Crow's indices and their components were as follows: Im = 0.05, If = 0.31, and Itot = 0.37 for Chuvashes and Im = 0.03, If = 0.43, and Itot = 0.46 for Russians. The genetic demographic characteristics obtained were compared with those for Highland and Meadow Maris.

Demography↗
PubMed1987

Mortality among Hispanics in metropolitan Chicago: an examination based on vital statistics data.

This paper analyzes the mortality of Mexican Americans and Puerto Ricans residing in the Chicago metropolitan area. In a comparison of these two groups with nonHispanic whites in the same area, it was found that Hispanic mortality is unusually low for the two leading causes of death in the mainstream U.S. population. Explanations discussed include underdiagnosis, underreporting of illness, the "healthy migrant" thesis and possible return migration of elderly ill.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Evaluation of rural primary health care services in Iran: report on vital statistics in West Azarbaijan.

Iranian indigenous front-line health workers (FLHW) were locally trained to deliver environmental and primary health care services to mothers and children. After two years, there was a significant decline in crude birth and death rates and in infant and 1-5 year mortality rates in the test area as compared to a control area. One out of four encounters was referred to a health center physician, the remainder being handled by the FLHWs themselves. (Am J Public Health 1981;71:739-742.)

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1990

Black/white differences in women's reproductive-related health status: evidence from vital statistics.

Maternal-age-specific neonatal mortality risk differs by race, with the mid-20s risk low for whites but not blacks. This may be partially due to worsening health for black relative to white women. We analyzed deaths to young women in the aggregate and classified by causes that are also pregnancy risk factors. Over the predominant child-bearing ages, mortality increases for blacks exceeded those for whites, usually by at least 25%. These indicators that black/white health differences widen as women progress through young adulthood suggest that such discrepancies may play a role in the black/white infant mortality differential, which merits further research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Annual summary of vital statistics--1992.

A new low in the infant mortality rate was reached in 1992, at 848.7 deaths per 100,000 live births, a decline of 5% from 894.4 in 1991. Birth, death, and marriage rates were also lower, but the divorce rate inched up to 4.8 per 1000 population, the same level as in 1988. The age-adjusted death rate was 504.9 per 100,000 population, the lowest in US history. Natural increase in the population, excess of births over deaths, decreased from 1,941,389 to 1,907,000, from 7.7 to 7.5 per 1000 population. Births outside hospital were fewer, both in numbers and in proportion to all births. Birth rates increased at both ends of the age range but declined in the principal childbearing years. Births to unmarried mothers increased again, comprising more than one fifth of white births and two thirds of black births. A higher proportion of newborns weighed less than 2500 g than in 1989. Life expectancy at birth increased again, to 75.7 years overall, paralleled in both sexes and white and black races. The age-adjusted death rate for cardiovascular diseases declined, but malignancies of the respiratory system increased again, to almost six times what it was in 1940. Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, despite slight improvement since 1991, caused death more than eight times as often as in 1940. Black and white infant mortality rates both showed a decline, greater in the white neonatal component; the black/white discrepancy widened slightly. Infant mortality in those of Hispanic origin was slightly higher than non-Hispanic whites, but the National Center for Health Statistics warns that Hispanic rates may be understated. There was little change in causes of infant mortality, or in black to white ratios for the several causes. On the world scene, most industrialized countries showed declines in infant mortality matching the US. In 1991, 21 countries, 15 in Europe, 3 in Asia, 2 in Oceania, and 1 in North America, had infant mortality rates less than the US. The decline in most other countries has been more rapid than in the US.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1987

Comparative vital statistics along the pastoral nomadism-sedentarism continuum.

"This paper attempts to gather and present as much information as possible on crude birth and death rates and natural increase rates for various pastoral nomadic societies in different African and Middle Eastern countries. The information is arranged by a subdivision into nomads, seminomads, and sedentarized nomads. A summarization of this information suggests a possible pattern by which birth rates rise, death rates fall (but may rise in certain circumstances), and natural increase rates rise along the nomadism-sedentarism continuum. Such a possible pattern has several policy implications for governments assessing the needs of a nomadic society undergoing a process of change in its socio-ecological relationships."

Africa↗
PubMed1994

Risk factors for SIDS in Japan: a record-linkage study based on vital statistics.

This study examines the effect of items as reported on birth certificates on sudden infant death. We linked infant death certificates with birth certificates for the infants born in 1989 to residents of the Tohoku, Tokai and Kyushu regions in Japan (n = 409,679), that is, about one-third of the infants born in Japan that year. The mortality rate from sudden infant death, including 88 deaths from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and 17 deaths from instantaneous death, was 25.6 per 100,000 live births. Elevated risk of sudden infant death was associated with low birthweight, late birth order, illegitimacy, male gender and young maternal age. These results correspond to previous studies from Western countries, suggesting a similar pattern for SIDS in Japan.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1985

Vital statistics data as a measurement of perinatal regionalization in Alabama, 1970 and 1980.

Although regionalization of perinatal health care services has received credit for much of the recent improvement in neonatal mortality, until now no measurement of regionalization has been proposed. The measurement presented in this paper--the average of the percentage of infants of very low birthweight and neonatal deaths occurring among residents of a geographic area at a perinatal center--provides a means of comparing the extent of perinatal regionalization in various geographic areas and time periods. Despite continued disparities in the degree of regionalization from one perinatal district to another, Alabama's perinatal system became substantially regionalized from 1970 to 1980. The lower mortality for infants of very low birthweight born at a perinatal center suggests that if Alabama were more completely regionalized, its neonatal mortality would be improved.

Alabama↗
PubMed2004

[Genetic demographic description of the Ust-Aldan rural population of Sakha Republic (Yakutia): ethnic, sex, and age compositions, vital statistics, and surname structure].

Information on the sex, age, and ethnic compositions; reproductive parameters; intensity of natural selection (Crow's indices); and surname diversity of three rural populations (the Byadi, Dyupsya, and Cheriktey villages) of the Ust-Aldan ulus (district) of Sakha Republic (Yakutia) has been analyzed. The rural Yakut population of the Ust-Aldan ulus is demographically young (the mean age 25-31 years) and characterized by low outbreeding, unfavorable sex ratio in both prereproductive and reproductive ages, and high fertility (3.58-5.45 children surviving until the reproductive age per woman that has completed the reproductive period), although the actual reproductively active period is shorter than half its physiological duration. In the structure of total selection, the differential-fertility component is considerably greater than the differential-mortality component (Itot = 0.625, Im = 0.093, and If = 0.487). In the villages studied, some surnames are accumulated (45-65% of the population have five most frequent surnames), which determines the low surname diversity (alpha = 11.62-25.19) and high random isonymy (Ir = 0.0391-0.0823).

Age Distribution↗