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At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

The temporalis muscle flap revisited on its centennial: advantages, newer uses, and disadvantages.

Analysis of a series of 85 temporalis muscle flaps performed in 81 patients is presented. The flaps were used in a wide range of locations ranging from intracranial to mandible and for a large variety of diagnostic categories. A detailed examination of the indications and use of the muscle for cranial base and palatal defects is provided. The amount of muscle used varied considerably from 10 to 90 percent. Complications associated with the use of the temporal muscle included a 2.4 percent total flap failure rate and a 9.4 percent minor complication rate. When greater than half the muscle was used, temporal hollowing, the principal donor defect, was imperceptible (39 percent) or mild (46 percent) in a majority of patients and severe in only a few (16 percent). Recommendations for prevention and treatment of this contour deformity are discussed in depth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Using algometry of pressure measuring the threshold of trigeminal pain perception in normal volunteers: a new protocol of studies].

Algometry of pressure is a technique that measures the physiology of the nociceptive system. Acting directly on the responsive peripheral nociceptors to pressure stimuli, this technique allows the study on nociceptive integrity in normal subjects or having different algic syndromes. Utilizing 29 asymptomatic volunteers, the threshold of the painful perception was studied, measuring them in a direct way over the emergence of the supra-orbital, infra-orbital and mental nerves. The following algometric average were recorded: right mental nerve 46.2 Kg/cm2 and left 48.6 Kg/cm2; right supra-orbital nerve 47.7 Kg/cm2 and left 45.2 Kg/cm2; right infra-orbital nerve 53.9 Kg/cm2 and left 55.4 Kg/cm2. After reviewing the principles of the algometry utilization, we have validated this protocol, showing the average values obtained by measuring the trigeminal system, afterwards comparing them with an inervated region by cervical branches (major occipital nerve) and the temporal muscle.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Coronoidotomy as treatment for trismus due to jaw-closing oromandibular dystonia.

Oromandibular dystonia is a focal dystonia involving the masticatory and/or tongue muscles. This report describes 2 female patients with jaw-closing dystonia treated by surgical resection of the coronoid process. The patients could not open their mouths due to involuntary jaw-closing muscle contraction. We first treated them by injecting lidocaine and alcohol (muscle afferent block) into the masseter and temporal muscles and then botulinum toxin. However, the trismus improved mildly and transitorily. Therefore, coronoidotomy was done under general anesthesia. The jaw opening increased to 50 mm. Coronoidotomy is useful for patients with jaw-closing dystonia in whom other therapies are ineffective.

Botulinum Toxins, Type A↗
PubMed2001

Long-term activity in upper- and lower-limb muscles of humans.

Despite limited data on humans, previous studies suggest that there is an association between the duration of daily muscle activity and the proportion of type I muscle fibers. We quantified the activity of limb muscles in healthy men and women during normal use and compared these measurements with published reports on fiber-type proportions. Seven men (age range = 21-28 yr) and seven women (age range = 18-26 yr) participated in two 10-h recording sessions. Electromyogram (EMG) activity of four muscles in nondominant upper (first dorsal interosseus and biceps brachii) and lower limbs (vastus medialis and vastus lateralis) was recorded with surface electrodes. Hand and arm muscles were active for 18% of the recording time, whereas leg muscles were active for only 10% of the recording time. On average, upper-limb muscles were activated 67% more often than lower-limb muscles. When lower-limb muscles were activated, however, the mean amplitude of each burst was greater in leg muscles [18 and 17% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC)] compared with hand (8% MVC) and arm (6% MVC) muscles. Temporal association in activity between pairs of muscles was high for the two lower-limb muscles (r2 = 0.7) and relatively weak for the two upper-limb muscles (r2 = 0.09). Long-term muscle activity was only different between men and women for the biceps brachii muscle. We found no relation between duration of muscle activity in 10-h recordings and the reported values of type I fibers in men and women.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Proprioceptive innervation of the masticatory muscles in Pinché.

This study of the masticatory muscles of the primate showed that the temporal muscle contained 107 muscle spindles, 45 in the horizontal portion and 62 in the vertical portion; the masseter muscle contained 70, 58 in the profundus portion and 12 in the superficial portion; the medial pterygoid muscle contained 15; the lateral pterygoid muscle contained 6; and the zygomaticomandibular muscle contained 9. The muscle spindles were located around the coronoid process and mandibular ramus.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Technic for surgical intervention in severe brain contusions and crushing].

Basal contusions of the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain, occurring as a contrecoup as a rule, are particularly severe and are marked by a high mortality. The 10-year practice of the Sklifosovsky Scientific Research Institute of Emergency Aid in the surgical management of cerebral contusion was aimed at the search for a less traumatic craniotomy approach and the most sparing and radical, within reasonable limits, intervention on the cerebral focus. Analysis of the work done enables us to choose the method described in the article, comprising extensive infratemporal craniotomy which excludes the frontal, temporal, and parietal, lobes, and to recommend combining intervention on the focus with internal decompression and active aspiration of the wound discharge from the cranial cavity in the first 24 hours after the operation. The illustrations supplied show the stages of the operation: linear skin incision, incision and separation of the temporal muscle, resection of the squama of the temporal and frontal bones down to the base of the skull. The operation may also be carried out as osteoplasty (sites for forming the trephination openings are shown in Fig. 1, a).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Influence of anterior occlusal contacts of complete dentures on mastication].

The photocclusion and mastication analysis of the complete dentures with or without the anterior occlusal contacts were made. The results indicated that there was no obvious differences among the maximum occlusal contact intensities of each tooth position in central occlusion. Under the functional condition the activity of the anterior temporal muscles was influenced and the mastication efficiency was decreased by the relatively stronger anterior occlusal contacts.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Influence of experimental interfering occlusal contacts on the activity of the anterior temporal and masseter muscles during mastication.

Quantitative electromyography (EMG) was used to study, in eleven volunteers with complete, natural dentitions, the effects of an experimental intercuspal occlusal interference on the pattern of activity of the anterior temporal and masseter muscles during mastication. The results show that a small occlusal interference (about 0.5 mm) in the intercuspal position can change the co-ordination of muscular activity during mastication. In general, there was a prolonged contraction time as well as a reduction of the activity in all the investigated elevators, especially on the side of the interference. Furthermore, after 48 h several subjects preferred to chew unilaterally. After removal of the interference, the pattern of co-ordination of muscular activity returned almost to the pre-experimental pattern within 2 weeks.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Pain pressure threshold in cluster headache patients.

Pain perception threshold (PPT) in the head was assessed with a pressure algometer in 58 cluster headache (CH) patients (52M, 6F; 41 episodic and 17 chronic). Fourteen patients in cluster period were retested in remission. Thresholds were assessed at 10 symmetrical points on each side of the head and at the deltoid. Compared with controls (n = 50), CH patients had lower PPT in the head and in the deltoid. PPT was lower on the symptomatic side than on the non-symptomatic side in patients with episodic CH during a cluster period (p < 0.001) and in patients with chronic CH (p < 0.05). This pattern was more evident during a cluster period than during remission (p < 0.05). A reduced PPT did not correlate with illness duration and pain side. The lowest PPT mean values were found at the anterior and intermediate levels of the temporal muscle on the symptomatic side. These results imply a central mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of CH.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Relationships between oral parafunctions and functional disturbances in the stomatognathic system among 15- to 18-year-olds.

An interview and a clinical examination of signs and symptoms of functional disturbances and diseases in the stomatognathic system were performed on 309 adolescents 15-18 years old. Relationships and differences between data from this investigation were analyzed. Statistically significant correlations were found between headaches, bruxism, and tenderness to palpation of the attachment of the temporal muscle. There were also correlations between occlusal interferences in the retruded position (RP) and clickings and between mediotrusion interferences and clickings. The occlusal interferences were correlated to tenderness to palpation of the TMJ and TMJ muscles. Young people with distal occlusal relation were more frequently conscious of symptoms from the stomatognathic system than those with neutral or mesial occlusal relation. Deep bite was correlated to clenching and frontal dental wear.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Medial pterygoid muscle activity during the closing and compressive phases of human mastication.

The lack of specific data correlating activity in the human medial pterygoid muscle with displacement of the jaw during mastication, and the hint of possible differences in function between certain mammalian species, prompted a study of unilateral mastication in six adult subjects. Muscle activity in the medial pterygoid, masseter, and anterior temporal muscles was recorded simultaneously with three-dimensional movement of an incisor point on the mandible. Signals from muscles and displacement transducer were sampled by a disc-based computer system programmed to analyze data averaged over 30 chewing cycles on each side and in some instances over 30 open-close and clench cycles. Patterns of medial pterygoid activity were consistent for the group as a whole, demonstrating activation of both muscles early in the closing cycle with strong ipsilateral muscle activity before and throughout the intercuspal phase of the cycle, reappearing in some subjects just before the end of intercuspation. Medial pterygoid activity mirrored masseter and anterior temporal activity only during certain phases of the closing cycle, suggesting that these muscles should be considered as being selectively coactivated with, rather than synergists of, the major elevators of the jaw. The muscles were active during horizontal components of movement of the incisor teeth in chewing, but were inactive during the open-close and clench task despite vigorous contraction of the masseter muscles. Overall, the observations complement previous reports of medial pterygoid muscle activity in humans. They also confirm, for these muscles at least, a general similarity between man and the little brown bat, a relationship hitherto suspected but unsubstantiated.

Electromyography↗
PubMed2006

Dislocation of the mandibular condyle into the middle cranial fossa.

Dislocation of the mandibular condyle into the middle cranial fossa is an uncommon event. A case report is presented based on a patient (32-year-old female) who sustained a traumatic left condyle fracture with superior dislocation into the middle cranial fossa due to a high-speed car accident. The diagnosis was done four months after trauma. Via a preauricular approach, left condylectomy and transposition of temporal muscle flap was performed. Postoperatively, the patient stayed for two weeks with intermaxillary fixation and four months of physical therapy.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1984

Mechanical properties of glycerinated guinea-pig temporal and masseter muscles.

At a muscle length, L0 (just taut), isometric tension and tension transients in response to rapid step stretches in length (less than 1 per cent of L0 within 2 ms) were measured at constant levels of Ca2+ activation of various magnitudes in glycerinated temporal and masseter muscles (1.7-2.5 mm long, 48-96 micron in diameter) from guinea pigs. The experiments were at 20 and 30 degrees C, and pH 6.8. Steady isometric tension increased in a sigmoid fashion as Ca2+ varied from about pCa 6.6 to 4.4 in both muscles. However, the maximum tension of temporal muscle was about 4.4 times greater than that of masseter muscle at 20 degrees C. The tension transients showed an immediate tension increase coincident with the stretch (the first phase) and an exponential-like tension decrease (the second phase). The time constant of the second phase was about 87.5 ms in temporalis and 3.7 ms in masseter at 30 degrees C. Decreasing temperature from 30 to 20 degrees C markedly increased the time constant of the tension response in the second phase (Q10 of about 3.4 in temporalis and 2.2 in masseter). Although there was a difference in the sarcomere length between the two muscles at L0 (2.14 micron in temporalis and 1.84 micron in masseter), the mechanical characteristics were almost independent of the muscle length. Thus the cross-bridges in temporalis appear to cycle more slowly and produce more isometric tension than those in masseter muscle.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Type I tympanoplasty in children.

To identify factors that could influence the success of tympanoplasties in children, a retrospective study was done of 51 tympanoplasties performed on children aged 9-14 years during the years 1984-1989. Surgical success was defined as an intact membrane found after 3 years' follow-up. The success rate of tympanoplasties was 92%. A functioning eustachian tube was found to be important for graft take. No difference was found in the rate of graft take whether fascia of the temporal muscle or tragal perichondrium was used. An audiologic improvement was seen in 70.6% of the patients. We conclude that tympanoplasty in children has a high probability of success and will enable most children operated on to resume a normal lifestyle.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[A study of innervation of musculus temporalis and its clinical application].

OBJECTIVE: To study the innervation of the musculus temporalis and improve the successful rate of the operation for paralytic eyelid ectropion. METHODS: Anatomic dissection was performed in 12 fresh cadavers. RESULTS: The data show that the distance between the outer canthus and the crus helicis is 8.733 +/- 1.311 cm. The deep temporal nerve spread radially to the edge of musculus temporalis at 3.852 +/- 0.353 cm and 6.317 +/- 0.330 cm at a 60-degree angle to the horizontal line. The rami of the deep temporal nerve rise at a 60-degree angle to the horizontal line in 3 parts from the outer canthus to the crus helicis. CONCLUSION: In transferring the temporal muscle to treat paralytic ectropion, it is safe to make incisions at the middle one-third between the outer canthus and the crus helicis. The discovery has been used to treat 32 patients with eyelid ectropion of facial palsy, among whom 30(93.8%) got good results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Intraoral transpositional plastic surgery of coronoid process in treatment of recurrent TMJ luxation. Preliminary report].

As a preliminary communication, we introduce a surgical procedure not previously described--intraorally performed ventrocaudal transpositional plastic surgery of the coronoid process for the treatment of recurrent TMJ luxation. The aim is to provoke an early stretch reflex of the temporal muscle and tendons by surgically shifting its insertion when the mouth is opened to an extreme position. Physiologically, this limits the extent to which the mouth can be opened and counteracts luxation. We report on initial clinical results of the intraoral transposition of the coronoid process after on observational period of 9 months.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The use of a temporal osteoperiosteal flap for the reconstruction of malar hypoplasia in Treacher Collins syndrome.

The clinical use of a temporal periosteal bone flap for the reconstruction of a malar bone in a patient with the Treacher Collins syndrome is presented. The temporal muscle functions as an axial carrier of the periosteum that induces osteogenesis in young children, whereas the bone segments may serve as a nucleus for further bone formation from the periosteum. Correction of the eyelid coloboma was obtained by the rotation and advancement of a temporopalpebral flap.

Bone Transplantation↗
PubMed1992

Influence of mucosal mechanoreceptors on anterior temporalis EMG activity in patients with craniomandibular dysfunction: a preliminary study.

An analysis of saliva swallowing and tonic electromyographic (EMG) activity was undertaken in 15 young adult patients with craniomandibular dysfunction with and without a palatal base inserted. Recordings were performed by placing surface electrodes on the right and left anterior temporal muscles. Saliva swallowing and tonic activity were initially recorded with and without the palatal base inserted. After one week of continuous use of the palatal base, EMG activity was recorded again. Nonsignificant differences in EMG activity were observed in the studied conditions. EMG results do not support the therapeutical use of palatal base as a conservative and reversible treatment in patients with craniomandibular dysfunction.

Adult↗