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At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

The Internet for pathologists: a simple schema for evaluating pathology-related Web sites and a catalog of sites useful for practicing pathologists.

CONTEXT: With the increasing popularity of the Internet as a primary medical information source, it is critical for pathologists to be able to use and evaluate both general medical- and pathology-related Web sites. Several published models for evaluating Web sites prove cumbersome to use and often involve computer- or statistic-based algorithms. OBJECTIVES: To develop a simple group of scoring criteria to objectively evaluate medical Web sites and provide a list of the highest-scoring pathology-related sites that will be useful to the practicing pathologist. DESIGN: Using 11 commonly used Internet search engines, the top 50 "hits" retrieved from the search term websites for pathologists were scored using 5 criteria, including accuracy, ease of navigation, relevance, updates, and completeness. A possible 6 to 12 points per area were awarded, and the total score was summated. RESULTS: Scores obtained ranged from 12 to 21. Thirty-five Web sites, all scoring 15 or higher based on these criteria, were listed as most useful. CONCLUSION: A simple, easy-to-use, 5-category scoring system can prove useful in evaluating pathology- and medical-related Web sites.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1999

Expert consultation for cervical carcinoma smears. Reliability of selected-field videomicroscopy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of videomicroscopy image selection for expert consultation in cervical cytology. STUDY DESIGN: One hundred diagnostically difficult cervical cytologic smears were selected and rescreened by a general pathologist who chose, from each slide, four or five fields featuring abnormal cells. Video images were digitized and stored on a 512 x 512-pixel matrix using an image acquisition and transmission system. Five experts each reviewed 20 of the 100 cases, and a sixth reviewed all 100 cases. Diagnoses based on selected digitized images were compared to those based on conventional examination of whole slides. RESULTS: Intraobserver agreement was fair to excellent for all six experts (kappa value: 0.47-0.81); it was complete or acceptable in 68.4-85% of cases. Compared to the reference diagnosis, interobserver agreement was not significantly different whether cases were examined by screening the entire slide or by videomicroscopy of selected fields. The marked discordance in four cases concerned very small cells the significance of which was misinterpreted on videomicroscopy because of poor image quality due to lack of focus setting. CONCLUSION: This exploratory study showed that selection of videomicroscopy images seems as reliable as conventional examination of slides for expert consultation on diagnostically difficult cervical cytologic smear cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Expert systems and automatic diagnostic systems in histopathology--a review].

In this decade, the pathological information system has gradually been settled in many hospitals in Japan. Pathological reports and images are now digitized and managed in the database, and are referred by clinicians at the peripherals. Tele-pathology is also developing; and its users are increasing. However, in many occasions, the problem solving in diagnostic pathology is completely dependent on the solo-pathologist. Considering the need for timely and efficient supports to the solo-pathologist, I reviewed the papers on the knowledge-based interactive expert systems. The interpretations of the histopathological images are dependent on the pathologist, and these expert systems have been evaluated as "educational". With the view of the success in the cytological screening, the development of "image-analysis-based" automatic "histopathological image" classifier has been on ongoing challenges. Our 3 years experience of the development of the pathological image classifier using the artificial neural networks technology is briefly presented. This classifier provides us a "fitting rate" for the individual diagnostic pattern of the breast tumors, such as "fibroadenoma pattern". The diagnosis assisting system with computer technology should provide pathologists, especially solo-pathologists, a useful tool for the quality assurance and improvement of pathological diagnosis.

Expert Systems↗
PubMed1997

Basic rules for the security of frozen section diagnosis through image transmission between anatomo-pathologists.

Telemedicine can provide an alternative solution to the lack of medical resources in areas where the population is no longer dense enough to justify the temporary or permanent presence of certain specialists such as anatomo-pathologists. In the long run certain pre-operational frozen section examinations cannot be carried out without putting the quality of healthcare at stake. The telematic transmission of macro and microscopic images of lesions, under the supervision of a surgeon, to an anatomo-pathologist consultant located off premises allows for the maintenance of equitable care of acceptable quality.

Computer Security↗
PubMed1998

VIRGY: a virtual reality and force feedback based endoscopic surgery simulator.

This paper describes the VIRGY project at the VRAI Group (Virtual Reality and Active Interface), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (Lausanne, Switzerland). Since 1994, we have been investigating a variety of virtual-reality based methods for simulating laparoscopic surgery procedures. Our goal is to develop an endoscopic surgical training tool which realistically simulates the interactions between one or more surgical instruments and gastrointestinal organs. To support real-time interaction and manipulation between instruments and organs, we have developed several novel graphic simulation techniques. In particular, we are using live video texturing to achieve dynamic effects such as bleeding or vaporization of fatty tissues. Special texture manipulations allows us to generate pulsing objects while minimizing processor load. Additionally, we have created a new surface deformation algorithm which enables real-time deformations under external constraints. Lastly, we have developed a new 3D object definition which allows us to perform operations such as total or partial object cuttings, as well as to selectively render objects with different levels of detail. To provide realistic physical simulation of the forces and torques on surgical instruments encountered during an operation, we have also designed a new haptic device dedicated to endososcopic surgery constraints. We are using special interpolation and extrapolation techniques to integrate our 25 Hz visual simulation with the 300 Hz feedback required for realistic tactile interaction. The fully VIRGY simulator has been tested by surgeons and the quality of both our visual and haptic simulation has been judged sufficient for training basic surgery gestures.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1998

Demonstration of surgical telerobotics and virtual telepresence by Internet + ISDN from Monterey (USA) to Milan (Italy).

This paper deals with the connection which has been held on 8th July 1997 in collaboration with the JPL of the NASA, Pasadena, California, between the Eighth International Conference on the Advanced Robotics (ICAR '97) in course at Monterey, California and the Telerobotics Laboratory of Politecnico di Milano connected in a multipoint teleconference through the MCU of Rome with the Aula Magna of the same Politecnico and the Palace Business of the Giureconsulti of the Chamber of Commerce of Milan. The demonstration has allowed to telecontrol a scara robot of the Sankyo and an ABB robot, which have affected simulations of operations of biopsy to the prostate, to the liver and to the breast, a mechanical hand and a model of a car, disposed in a space destined to reproduce the Martian ground, from Monterey to Milan by means of the INTERNET+ISDN connection from. In fact the event has taken place four days after the landing on Mars happily successful of the spatial probe Pathfinder from which it has gone out the "Sojourner" robot, telecontrolled from the JPL of the NASA, which has begun to take photos of the Martian ground and also some of these images have been transmitted in the course of the connection.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1998

Compression of color medical images in gastrointestinal endoscopy: a review.

This paper reviews the state of medical color digital imaging with respect to image compression. Only recently has the creation and storage of color medical images become technically and economically feasible. This has allowed medical images to become a part of an electronic medical record, to be used in telemedicine, or to be used for medical education. The Internet has become an important medium for the dissemination of medical images, whether through file transferring or through the World Wide Web. There is a growing need to evaluate the degree and types of image compression that are clinically acceptable (either for diagnostic or archival purposes) for different specialties. The focus will be on gastrointestinal endoscopic images, although work in other medical specialties will be mentioned.

Data Display↗
PubMed1999

Remote microscopy through the internet.

A fully robotic microscope Axioplan2 (Zeiss) and CCD camera (RGB-Sony) mounted on this microscope have been connected to a computer dedicated as an Internet server. This server is available by means of an Internet browser with an interpreter of the Java programming language. We have used Java technology for remote control this full-motorized telemicroscope. The Java program for microscope control is automatically downloaded and started when the user selects the Web site of the corresponding microscope server with his Internet browser. At the client's side, there is no need for any additional software except for what is included in Netscape Navigator 3.0, Microsoft Explorer 3.0 or its later versions. Our remote microscope can be remotely controlled from any place in the world through the Internet. The user can move the microscope stage, change the magnification or can execute any other microscope operations by pressing the related buttons of the downloaded telemicroscopy client program. The microscope server receives the commands from the client program, executes the operation on the microscope and after every new command distributes the next microscope image to the connected telemicroscopy clients. There are also software modules which allow marking a field of interest in the image and discuss. Every Internet user can control the remote microscope and discuss the images with others who have direct access to the Internet on-line, or are connected by modem or ISDN. The quality of the transferred microscopic images and response time is sufficient for practical use. No complicated installation processes are necessary and the system is easy to use. The system design makes every pathologist, who is the Internet user, to be a possible consultant.

Internet↗