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At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Serum transaminase levels in the acute phase of chronic extrahepatic cholestasis.

Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels are normal or discretely increased in rats with chronic extrahepatic cholestasis (CEHC). During the acute phase (first 72 h after biliary obstruction), however, serum transaminase values are quite elevated due to a mechanism not yet fully elucidated. Thus, this is a good experimental model, not involving hepatocellular necrosis, for the study of serum ALT and AST levels during the acute phase of CEHC. Male Wistar rats (250-350 g) were divided into two groups: group A (N = 60) was submitted to sham operation for bile duct ligation (BDL), and group B (N = 60) was submitted to BDL. Thirty and 120 min after BDL there was a 1.5-fold increase in both serum ALT and AST levels compared to sham-operated rats (P less than 0.05). Serum ALT levels were higher than AST levels as early as 30 min after BDL and the highest serum values for both transaminases were observed at 360 min which was also the last value measured. Serum AST levels increased 120 min after BDL, with no further significant increases thereafter.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1990

[Increase in glutamic-oxaloacetic and glutamic-pyruvic transaminases and lactic dehydrogenase as a diagnostic aid in perinatal asphyxia].

In order to determine the behavior of glutamic oxalacetic (GOT), glutamic-pyruvic (GPT) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) transaminases after a period of asphyxia, a study was conducted in 120 newborn children which were placed into two groups: group 1 of the asphyxiated children who were given oxygen at intermittent positive pressure for more than a minute and group 2 of healthy children with an Apgar greater than 7 after the first and five minutes and without any apparent pathology. The results showed a real increase in the quantities of all three transaminases among those in the group of asphyxiated children, which on the other hand did not occur in the healthy group of children where levels remained normal. There was statistical differences (P less than 0.001) by which we can conclude that the quantification of these enzymes can be useful as a diagnostic tool in cases of perinatal asphyxia.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1989

Effect of cyanamide on transaminases and other serum proteins in the rat.

The changes of the serum biochemical features induced by cyanamide, a drug used in the pharmacological treatment of alcoholism, were studied in Wistar rats. Sixty five Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups, 4 experimental and 2 control. Two experimental groups received cyanamide intraperitoneally, at a dose of 1 and 16 mg per kg of body weight, for 8 weeks. One experimental group received CCl4 and the other one CCl4 and cyanamide for 13 weeks. In addition to a delay in the increase of body weight as compared with the control group, the rats receiving cyanamide underwent a marked dispersion of the transaminase and LDH values. This could be explained by the double effect of cyanamide: its capacity to depress the cellular activity (lowered synthesis of proteins, transaminase and LDH among them) and cellular damage. Therefore, some animals showed a marked depression of protein synthesis, causing low enzyme values while cytolysis prevailed in the rest as seen in higher enzyme values. When cyanamide and CCl4 were employed simultaneously, the cyanamide tended to diminish the higher enzyme values caused by CCl4 when used alone. These findings can explain why patients on cyanamide may develop severe liver damage without serious alterations in tests for liver function.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Studies of alanine and aspartate transaminases, lactate dehydrogenase and phosphocreatine kinase levels in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum in multiple sclerosis].

In the cerebrospinal fluid and serum the activity was determined of phosphocreatine kinase (CPK), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate transaminase (AspAT) and alanine transaminase (AlAT) in 107 cases of multiple sclerosis. The results were compared with those in a control group of neurosis and a highly significant (three times) increase was observed in the activity of CPK and LDH in the cerebrospinal fluid as a result of organic damage to the brain tissue. By chromatographic method direct data were obtained indicating that increased CPK activity in the cerebrospinal fluid was connected with the CK-BB isoenzyme, that is with the cerebral fraction of the enzyme.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Phenylpyruvate-specific glutamine transaminase and renal ammoniagenesis.

The glutaminase II ammoniagenic pathway is composed of two enzymes, glutamine transaminase (GTA) and omega-amidase. Studies herein reported define the basal activity, intrarenal distribution and response to chronic acidosis of the more active renal isoenzyme of GTA. A gradient of diminishing enzyme activity was found in assays of cortical, medullary and papillary sections (GTA activity, cortex 114 +/- 3 mumol/g/h; outer medulla 20 +/- 0.6 mumol/g/h; papilla 3 mumol/g/h). Dog kidney had much less activity while no GTA activity was found in guinea pig kidneys. In vitro acidification enhanced ammonia production by the glutaminase II pathway when studied in cytosolic preparations made from normal rat cortex. Chronic in vivo metabolic acidosis increased rat renal cortical and medullary but not papillary GTA activity by 16 and 12%, respectively. Incubation of cortical cytosolic extracts from chronically acidotic rats at pH 7.4 revealed a 29% increase in ammoniagenesis via glutaminase II, as compared to extracts from non-acidotic control rats. The cortical concentration of the most active substrate of GTA phenylpyruvate, is 343 +/- 12 mumol/kg fresh weight and its level was not influenced by in vivo acidosis. Additional studies are presented which suggest that a functional link may exist between glutaminase II and glutamate oxalacetate transaminase. This linkage could result in the cyclic utilization and reformation of phenylpyruvate while glutamine is progressively deamidated and free ammonia formed. The physiologic implications of these results are discussed.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1987

Glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminase activities in different tissues of rats and guinea pigs exposed to varying levels of altitude stress for different periods of time.

It was observed that both glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activities were significantly increased in different tissues of both rats and guinea pigs, during a short period of altitude exposure, as well as in acclimatized animals. Interestingly, it was found that oral administration of glucose showed no such significant change at either sea level or in a hypoxic condition. Studies on the activity of GOT and GPT in different tissues of normal guinea pigs showed a little change in liver and brain during short periods of exposure. Kidney and heart showed a significant increase in GOT activity without any change in GPT activity. Increased activities were observed in all the tissues of the acclimatized animals. Of both unexposed and acclimatized animals, there was no change in the enzyme of unexposed and acclimatized animals except in heart following injection of thyroxine (16 micrograms X kg-1), but the enzyme activities were most pronounced in scorbutic animals.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1986

[Changes in the dehydrogenase and GABA transaminase activity in the cerebral cortex during corazol kindling].

The experiments on (CBA X C57BL/6)F1 mice have shown that regular corazol injections in subliminal doses stimulated seizure susceptibility (pharmacological kindling). Cytophotometric assay of the activity of oxidative metabolism enzymes (glutamate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, alpha-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase) and GABA-transaminase in the sensorimotor cortex of kindled mice in post-convulsive period, and 24 hours or 30 days after corazol injections were discontinued, has revealed some specific alterations of the enzymes under study, that suggest the existence of two phases of energy metabolism disturbances. The first phase (24 hours after corazol injections were discontinued) is characterized by intensified succinic acid oxidation, while the second phase (30 days after the last injection) is characterized by anaerobic glycolysis in neuronal and glial cells. Inhibition of GABA-transaminase activity was particularly marked in postconvulsive period. From a molecular point of view these data may be considered as enzyme disturbances during stimulation of seizure susceptability or seizure activity and as a compensation component ensuring anticonvulsive mechanisms and reparative processes (antagonistic principle of molecular mechanism regulation) during activation of antiepileptic system.

4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase↗
PubMed1985

Streptomyces beta-alanine:alpha-ketoglutarate aminotransferase, a novel omega-amino acid transaminase. Purification, crystallization, and enzymologic properties.

An enzyme which catalyzes the transamination of beta-alanine with alpha-ketoglutarate was purified to homogeneity from Streptomyces griseus IFO 3102 and crystallized. Molecular weight of the enzyme was found to be 185,000 +/- 10,000 by a gel-filtration method. The enzyme consists of four subunits identical in molecular weight (51,000 +/- 1,000). The transaminase is composed of 483 amino acids/subunit containing 7 and 8 residues of half-cystine and methionine, respectively. The enzyme exhibits absorption maxima at 278 and 415 nm. The pyridoxal 5'-phosphate content was determined to be 4 mol/mol of enzyme. The enzyme catalyzes transamination of omega-amino acids including taurine and hypotaurine. beta-Alanine and DL-beta-aminoisobutyrate served as a good amino donor; the Michaelis constants are 8.0 and 12.5 mM, respectively. alpha-Ketoglutarate is the only amino acceptor (Km = 4.0 mM); pyruvate and oxalacetate are inactive. Based on the substrate specificity, the terminology of beta-alanine:alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase is proposed for the enzyme. Carbonyl reagents, HgCl2,DL-gabaculine, and alpha-fluoro-beta-alanine strongly inhibited the enzyme.

4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase↗
PubMed1977

Inactivation of bacterial D-amino acid transaminases by the olefinic amino acid D-vinylglycine.

D-Vinylglycine (2-amino-3-butenoate) functions as a transamination substrate and irreversible inactivator of the homogeneous pyridoxal phosphate-dependent D-amino acid transaminases from Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus sphaericus. In the absence of alpha-ketoglutarate as co-substrate, vinyl-glycine causes little if any inactivation of either enzyme; in the presence of excess alpha-ketoglutarate, both enzymes are inactivated with pseudo-first order kinetics. The limiting rate constant for inactivation of the B. sphaericus enzyme is 1.9 min-1, for the B. subilis enzyme it is 0.36 min-1. The number of catalytic events before inactivation is about 450 for the B. sphaericus enzyme and about 800 for the B. subtilis enzyme; that is, about 0.2% inactivation in each catalytic cycle for the former enzyme and 0.15% for the latter. Comparisons are made with the L-aspartate amino-transferase from pig heart which is inactivated completely in one catalytic cycle and the L-alanine aminotransferase which is not inactivated in many cycles. Comparisons are also made between the likely mode of D-transaminase inactivation produced by vinylglycine and the mode of inactivation induced by beta-chloro-D-alanine.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1985

[Clinical studies on changes in serum transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, total bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase levels after hepatectomy with and without the hemihepatic vascular occlusion technique].

Changes of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total-bilirubin (T-Bil) and alkaline-phosphatase (AL-P) before operation and for one week of the postoperative period were studied in 45 patients (32 cirrhotic, 13 non-cirrhotic patients) who underwent hepatectomy with the hemihepatic vascular occlusion technique, and compared with 108 patients (42 cirrhotic, 66 non-cirrhotic patients) without it. The blood loss during hepatectomy with hemihepatic vascular occlusion markedly decreased 1500 ml on the average, compared with non-occluded patients. Serum GPT, GOT and LDH level elevated in several postoperative days, however, there was no difference between both groups. Serum total bilirubin level of patients without hemihepatic vascular occlusion elevated more than those with it. This difference was statistically significant. This tendency was more evident in the patients with cirrhosis. Serum AL-P level of patients without hemihepatic vascular occlusion decreased statistically less than those with it. This tendency was more prominent in patients with cirrhosis. With these results, there was no evidence of augmenting the postoperative liver damage by hemihepatic vascular occlusion, even in the patient with cirrhosis. Moreover, the elevation of postoperative serum total bilirubin level was suppressed by hemihepatic vascular occlusion because of the minimum blood loss and minimum blood transfusion.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1979

[Genetic polymorphism of erythrocytic enzymes in the Rennes area. Frequency of adenylate kinase, esterase D, adenosine deaminase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, glutamate-pyruvate transaminase and glyoxyalase I phenotypes].

Blood donors from the Centre Régional de Transfusion Sanguine de Rennes were investigated for the phenotypic distribution of seven enzymatic systems : adenylate kinase, adenosine deaminase, esterase D, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, glutamate-pyruvate transaminase, phosphoglucomutase, and glyoxalase I. Two unusual phenotypes were observed: phenotype 6-1 for adenosine deaminase and phenotype 3-1 for transaminase GPT. For five of these enzymes, the statistical analysis points out significant differences in one or several of the European populations described in the literature.

Adenosine Deaminase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Transaminase activity of the cortical layer of the kidney of rats of different ages and sex after administration of hydrocortisone and insulin].

Response of cortical layer of rat kidney to separate and combined administration of hydrocortisone and insulin, as manifested by the activity of aspartate-alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase (Asp-T) and alanine-alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase (Ala-T), varied in males and females of different age. Prolonged administration of insulin to normal preadolescent rats and to adult males and females did not affect the activity of Asp-T and Ala-T in the cortical layer of kidney. During simultaneous prolonged administration of hydrocortisone and insulin to preadolescent male rats, there occurred no increase in the activity of Asp-T induced by administration of hydrocortisone alone. During simultaneous prolonged administration of hydrocortisone and insulin to adult male rats, activity of Asp-T of the cortical layer of kidney remained at the same level at after administration of hydrocortisone alone.

Aging↗
PubMed1984

The influence of dietary methionine, protein, and energy levels on glutamic-oxalacetate and glutamic-pyruvate transaminases of chicken.

The variations were tested in dietary methionine, protein, and caloric density on the glutamic-oxalacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamic-pyruvate transaminase (GTP). The GOT was not affected by the protein and methionine levels either in the plasma or liver. Plasma GTP tended to increase (P less than 0.01) between 0.28% and 0.44% methionine levels in experiment I and between 0.26% and 0.50% in experiment 2. In the liver, the GTP activity was similar in both experiments. The interaction between methionine + cystine and protein was significant in their effect on the GTP activity. This enzyme decreased in the plasma with increasing methionine + cystine level, while it increased with increasing protein level. The GTP activity was negatively correlated (r = -0.52) with the energy level in the liver. From the trends of the GTP activity, the minimum and optimum methionine levels in broiler diets can be derived.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1984

[Cytophotometric study of changes in glutamate dehydrogenase and GABA transaminase in the cerebral cortex during corazole kindling].

It has been demonstrated in (CBA X C57BL/6) F1 mice that daily corazole injections (30 mg/kg) lead to the development of pharmacological kindling that manifests in a progressive increase of seizure susceptibility, seizure occurrence in response to the subthreshold convulsant dose and in demonstrable seizures. Cytophotometric study of the histological specimens of the sensorimotor cortex discovered the reduced enzymatic activity of glutamate dehydrogenase and GABA transaminase in the neurons. In the neuroglial cells, the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase also declined, whereas that of GABA transaminase tended on the contrary, towards increase.

4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase↗
PubMed1980

[The effect of the herbicide Dinoseb-acetate (Aretit) on transaminase (GOT, GPT) activity in the blood serum and muscles of the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)].

An experiment was undertaken to study the effect of the dinoseb-acetate (Aretit) herbicide, administered in drinking water at a concentration of 100 and 200 mg x 1(-1) for four days, on the activity of transaminases (GOT and GPT) in the blood serum and muscle of the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). GOT had higher activity values in the blood serum and muscle of the control and test birds, as compared with GPT. The herbicide increases GOT activity in the blood serum, whereas the GPT value remains unchanged. In muscle, the activity of GOT decreases as a result of the action of dinoseb-acetate and GPT activity remains unchanged. Under in vitro conditions, dinoseb-acetate (concentrated 0.01 to 1000 mg x 1(-1)) increases GOT activity in the blood serum and muscle, GPT activity remaining the same. It is assumed that transaminases are specifically involved in the adaptation mechanisms of the animals to dinoseb-acetate intoxication.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1982

[Activities of glutamate-oxalate and glutamate-pyruvate transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase in the serum of lambs weaned at different ages].

Experiments were carried out with 32 lambs weaned at different age and fed a dry milk replacer as well as with 20 control lambs nursed by their ewes. All lambs were divided into three groups. Those of the first one were weaned at the age of 5 days, those of the second group - at 15 days, and those of the third group - at 20 days. Blood was sampled at the beginning of the test and then for a second and a third time at a 15-day interval in order to study the serum glutamate-oxal-acetate transaminase (SGOT), the serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), the alkaline phosphatase (AP), and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). It was established that at the first study in the beginning of the experiment SGOT and SGPT were at a higher level in the test animals than in the control ones. AP was found to rise in both groups with the advancement of age. Lowest values in the activity of LDH were recorded with the two groups at the age of 5 days. No differences were established between the values of LDH in the test and control groups in all investigations. The rise of SGOT and SGPT in the test lambs spoke of adaptation of the enzymes as a result of changes in the metabolic pattern with the lambs of different feeding.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cerebral GABA, glutamate, aspartate and transaminases in the insulin nervous syndrome].

Alterations in content of glutamate, aspartate and gamma-aminobutyric acid /GABA/ as well as in activity of some enzymes involved in amino acid transamination were studied in rat brain tissue under conditions of insulin coma and in dynamics of its treatment using glucose. The comatose state caused in the brain tissue a decrease in content of glutamate and an increase in aspartic acid content but the concentration of GABA and the activity of transaminases were unaltered. Treatment of the coma using glucose was accompanied by an increase in concentration of the amino acids studied, especially of glutamic acid as well as by a decrease in the activity of transaminases.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1995

[Intrepretation of elevated transaminase levels in a pregnancy after a liver transplantation].

A young woman became pregnant 36 months after a liver transplant following an episode of fulminant hepatitis A. At 38 weeks gestation, she delivered by cesarean section following an isolated and moderate elevation of her transaminase enzymes, indicating rejection of the graft. This was later confirmed by liver biopsy. Following augmentation of steroid therapy her postnatal progress was good. The infant progressed quite well. This case raises the question of the management of pregnant women following liver transplantation, with elevated transaminase levels.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗