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PubMedDate not supplied

Newfoundland Panel on Health and Medical Care--adult health survey.

An adult health survey was undertaken on the island portion of the Province of Newfoundland as part of the Newfoundland Panel on Health and Medical Care. This study aims to develop models of medical care utilization over a seven-year period, before and after a major restructuring of the provincial health care system. A health survey on a large sample (11,789 individuals) permits both descriptive and explanatory analysis at the regional level. The results of the survey are presented first in a descriptive format, as they were included in reports for policy makers and managers, using administrative aggregations. To study regional differences, descriptive and multivariate analyses were done on an aggregation by an urban dimension, which divides the island into three areas. As expected, there were major differences across regions, and complex interactions on selected variables. The usefulness of health surveys for planning and evaluation of health reform is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Documentation forms for monitoring occupational surveillance of healthcare workers who handle cytotoxic drugs.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To develop a procedure for medical surveillance of healthcare workers who handle cytotoxic drugs. DATA SOURCES: Literature review and guidelines published by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. INFORMATION SELECTION: Studies of possible exposure screening tests, congenital defects in offspring, and case studies. DATA SYNTHESIS: Some degree of risk exists in handling cytotoxic drugs, but no reliable screening test for cytotoxic drug exposure has been developed. Reproductive hazards are possible when protective equipment is not used. Areas to be addressed when devising surveillance procedures include who to cover, what baseline data to gather, what periodic monitoring will be necessary (and at what interval it will be conducted), how to handle exposure incidents, and what documentation system will be used. CONCLUSIONS: A procedure using a baseline risk factor form and a yearly monitoring questionnaire was devised and implemented. Forms contain documentation of worker teaching. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Most often, nurses are the healthcare workers who handle cytotoxic drugs. A consistent approach to monitoring healthcare workers is facilitated by using a defined procedure and standardized forms.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed2000

Implementing capitation of Medicaid mental health services in Colorado: is "readiness" a necessary condition?

Two consortia of community mental health centers in Colorado varied in their administrative readiness for changing to a capitated system and, ultimately, implemented capitation using different organizational arrangements. The objective was to assess the impact of this natural experiment on administrative change, costs, and utilization of services during the first two years postcapitation. Prior to capitation, one was rated as having greater "readiness" than the other and received a capitation contract from the state, while the other did not. A private, for-profit managed behavioral health organization was awarded a contract and formed a joint venture with the less "ready" consortium, providing managed care expertise to complement the consortium's expertise in delivering mental health services. Two years later, these consortia do not look different either administratively or in their patterns of service utilization and costs. These findings suggest alternative ways of successfully implementing a capitated public mental health system.

Capitation Fee↗
PubMed1999

Systematic review of trauma system effectiveness based on registry comparisons.

BACKGROUND: Trauma registries offer distinct advantages and disadvantages when assessing the effectiveness of trauma systems. Detailed injury data and statistical comparisons that use TRISS methodology and the Major Trauma Outcome Study norms provide advantages over population-based or preventable death studies. However, miscodings and registry differences in injury severity coding limit the validity and generalizability of findings. The purpose of this study was to identify these strengths and weaknesses and to determine whether registry studies provide evidence of trauma system efficacy. METHODS: A systematic review of published literature assessing trauma systems effectiveness by using registry-based data. RESULTS: Eight of 11 articles reviewed provided comparable data and consistently demonstrated a 15 to 20% reduction in the risk of death comparing trauma system outcomes to Major Trauma Outcome Study norms. CONCLUSION: These studies provide evidence of the effectiveness of trauma systems. However, future studies that use trauma registries would be strengthened by including both prehospital and postdischarge trauma deaths, standardizing trauma registry inclusion criteria and developing a contemporary national reference norm for trauma outcome.

Canada↗
PubMed2003

Use of a field-to-stroke center helicopter transport program to extend thrombolytic therapy to rural residents.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Giving stroke victims who reside outside communities with hospitals that can administer tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) access to thrombolytic therapy is a challenge. Helicopter transport to a stroke center is a potential way to make rtPA available to these communities. We examined the experience of the Shands-Jacksonville Acute Stroke Transport Program, a field-to-stroke center helicopter transport program that serves rural counties in the northeastern Florida/southeastern Georgia region. METHODS: Prospectively collected data of 111 consecutive helicopter transports to Shands-Jacksonville, from an 11-county region, over a 3-year period were reviewed. RESULTS: Eighty-five patients (76%) had a cerebrovascular event. Forty-seven patients (42%) had an ischemic stroke, 19 (17%) had a transient ischemic attack, and 19 (17%) had a hemorrhagic stroke. Thrombolytic therapy was administered to 18 ischemic stroke patients (38%), with 15 being treated intravenously. Three patients who arrived beyond the 3-hour window were treated intra-arterially. Average field-to-hospital distance for all patients was 29.4 miles (range, 11 to 90 miles). Most patients (n=65) arrived within 135 minutes from symptom onset. CONCLUSIONS: A helicopter-based transport system can link a rural region to a stroke center and promote access to thrombolytic therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

The value of book distribution in a clinic-based literacy intervention program.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether anticipatory guidance at well-child visits (WCV) that included early literacy development and the provision of books by the examining physician changed family literacy practices. It was conducted in an inner-city pediatric clinic that serves as the continuity practice site for pediatric and pediatric/internal medicine residents. There were 352 children (181 treatment: 171 control), aged 2 to 24 months, enrolled in this prospective, controlled study. The health care providers underwent training on literacy and on how to incorporate this information during WCV. Anticipatory guidance on safety, development, and early literacy was given to all parents. Additionally, the treatment group received an age-appropriate book at each WCV. There were 1,263 visits made (686 treatment, 577 control). Questionnaires were completed by parents on physician helpfulness and by physicians on parental receptiveness. Parental ratings on physician helpfulness were higher in the treatment group than in the control group (p<0.05). Physician's rating of parental receptiveness was also higher in the treatment group than in the control group (p<0.05). Two years after enrollment, mother-child pairs who received guidance and a book were two times more likely to report enjoyment in reading together than the controls who received guidance but no book. We conclude that anticipatory guidance that included early literacy development and distribution of books at WCV resulted in increased family literacy orientation, parental receptiveness, and perception of physician helpfulness.

Child Guidance↗
PubMed1988

Social marketing and public health intervention.

The rapid proliferation of community-based health education programs has out-paced the knowledge base of behavior change strategies that are appropriate and effective for public health interventions. However, experiences from a variety of large-scale studies suggest that principles and techniques of social marketing may help bridge this gap. This article discusses eight essential aspects of the social marketing process: the use of a consumer orientation to develop and market intervention techniques, exchange theory as a model from which to conceptualize service delivery and program participation, audience analysis and segmentation strategies, the use of formative research in program design and pretesting of intervention materials, channel analysis for devising distribution systems and promotional campaigns, employment of the "marketing mix" concept in intervention planning and implementation, development of a process tracking system, and a management process of problem analysis, planning, implementation, feedback and control functions. Attention to such variables could result in more cost-effective programs that reach larger numbers of the target audience.

Health Promotion↗
PubMed2004

Reconstructing cancer services in Ontario.

This paper draws upon experience gained in the recent restructuring of cancer services in Ontario that can provide insights for broader regionalization efforts. Although Ontario is the only province in Canada not to regionalize its healthcare system, the Ontario cancer services system, like most others in Canada, is based on a regionalized system. However, the growing burden of cancer and predictable crises in cancer services in Ontario necessitated a rethinking of how the cancer system should be structured and how services should be delivered. Based on recommendations by the Cancer Services Implementation Committee in 2001, Ontario's cancer services system has recently gone through major restructuring, which has established new institutional arrangements for the Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care, Cancer Care Ontario (CCO) (the provincial cancer agency) , a new Quality Council and 11 new regionally based Integrated Cancer Programs (ICPs). This restructuring has created several levers for promoting regional change and motivating performance improvement, including (1) public reporting on performance with a new quality mandate, (2) fiscal and performance-based agreements between CCO and the ICPs, (3) leading and coordinating communities of practice and (4) direct ministerial access. While institutional relationships are still developing, these experiences may provide important insights for regionalization efforts in other jurisdictions and sectors in Canada.

Canada↗
PubMedDate not supplied

How much does a regional immunization registry increase documented immunization rates at primary care sites in rural colorado?

OBJECTIVE: To determine increases in immunization up-to-date (UTD) rates at a rural pediatric practice with the sequential addition of records from other sites in a 2-county region. DESIGN/METHODS: UTD rates for children aged 3 months to 35 months (n = 876) were determined for the index practice and then recalculated after sequential addition of records from 1) the other private practice in the region, 2) 7 public primary care sites, and 3) 2 public health clinics in the region. RESULTS: Adding records from all sites increased documented UTD rates in the index practice from 49% to 64% at 3 months (N = 33, P = 0.025), 50% to 68% at 5 months (N = 38, P = 0.008), 28% to 45% at 7 months (N = 113, P <.01), 29% to 54% at 12 months (N = 200, P <.001), 11% to 35% at 19 months (N = 124, P <.001), and 10% to 33% at 24 months (N = 368, P <.001). CONCLUSIONS: Regional registries will be valuable tools for immunization delivery if there is an ongoing commitment to effective collection of current and historical immunization data.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2003

Differences in operative mortality between high- and low-volume hospitals in Ontario for 5 major surgical procedures: estimating the number of lives potentially saved through regionalization.

BACKGROUND: Previous research has shown that persons undergoing certain high-risk surgical procedures at high-volume hospitals (HVHs) have a lower risk of postoperative death than those undergoing surgery at low-volume hospitals (LVHs). We estimated the absolute number of operative deaths that could potentially be avoided if 5 major surgical procedures in Ontario were restricted to HVHs. METHODS: We collected data on all persons who underwent esophagectomy (613), colon or rectal resection for colorectal cancer (18 898), pancreaticoduodenectomy (686), pulmonary lobectomy or pneumonectomy for lung cancer (5156) or repair of an unruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) (6279) in Ontario from Apr. 1, 1994, to Mar. 31, 1999. We calculated the excess number of operative deaths (defined as deaths in the period from the day of the operation to 30 days thereafter), adjusted for age, sex and comorbidity, among the 75% of persons treated in LVHs, as compared with the 25% treated in the highest-volume quartile of hospitals. Bootstrap methods were used to estimate 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Of the 31 632 persons undergoing any of the 5 procedures, 1341 (4.24%) died within 30 days of surgery. If the 75% of persons treated at the LVHs had instead been treated at the HVHs, the annual number of lives potentially saved would have been 4 (95% CI, 0 to 9) for esophagectomy, 6 (95% CI, 1 to 11) for pancreaticoduodenectomy, 1 (95% CI, -10 to 13) for major lung resection and 14 (95% CI, 1 to 25) for repair of unruptured AAA. For resection of colon or rectum, the regionalization strategy would not have saved any lives, and 17 lives (95% CI, 36 to -3) would potentially have been lost. INTERPRETATION: A small number of operative deaths are potentially avoidable by performing 4 of 5 complex surgical procedures only at HVHs in Ontario. In determining health policy, the most compelling argument for regionalizing complex surgical procedures at HVHs may not be the prevention of a large number of such deaths.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2006

College crisis intervention: an initiative to develop regional campus Critical Incident Stress Management teams.

This article presents a statewide initiative that was undertaken to develop regional Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) teams among colleges and universities within a northeastern state. In light of the unique needs and culture of institutions of higher education, this initiative was intended to improve each member college or university's capacity to respond comprehensively and effectively to critical incidents that affect its community. A step-by-step description of the implementation of the initiative is presented as well as discussion of what was learned through the process and future directions.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

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Education, Nursing, Diploma Programs↗