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PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of instrumentation time on microleakage of resin-modified glass ionomer cements.

This study investigated the effect of instrumentation time on the microleakage of resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs). Class V cavities were prepared on buccal and lingual/ palatal surfaces of 64 freshly extracted non-carious premolars. The cavities on each tooth were restored with Fuji II LC (FT [GC]) and Photac-Fil Quick (PF [3M-ESPE]). The restored teeth were randomly divided into two groups of 32 teeth. Finishing/polishing was done immediately after light-polymerization in one group and was delayed for one week in the other group. The following finishing/polishing systems were evaluated: (a) Robot Carbides (RC); (b) SuperSnap (SS); (c) OneGloss (OG) and (d) CompoSite Polishers (CS). The sample size for each instrumentation time, material and finishing/polishing system combination was 8. Storage medium for both immediate and delayed instrumentation groups was distilled water at 37 degrees C during the hiatus period. The teeth were subsequently subjected to dye penetration testing (0.5% basic fushcin), sectioned and scored. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests at significance level 0.05. For PF, significant difference in enamel leakage was observed between immediate and delayed instrumentation with SS and CS. Significant differences in dentin leakage were also observed between the two instrumentation times for SS. For FT, significant differences in leakage between instrumentation times were observed only in dentin and with RC. Where significant differences in dye penetration scores existed, delayed finishing/polishing resulted in less microleakage.

Dental Bonding↗
PubMed1996

Two-dimensional electrophoresis of human urinary proteins following concentration by dye precipitation.

The use of dye precipitation for concentration of proteins prior to 2-DE has been demonstrated by application to human urine. The precipitation methods (T. Marshall and K. M. Williams, Clin. Chem. 1993, 39, 2314-2318; T. Marshall et al., Electrophoresis 1995, 16, 28-31) have been adapted for two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) by modifying the reagent composition and adding sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) to the assay mixture. These modifications extend the precipitation range of the methods and overcome the problem of soluble glycoprotein-dye complexes. The protein-dye complex is recovered by centrifugation and dissolved in a small volume of sample denaturing buffer. The dye separates from the protein on 2-DE (forming a sharp band at the anodal end of the isoelectric focusing gel) so that the positional coordinates of the polypeptides are unaffected by the treatment. Dye precipitation provides a simple, rapid and highly economic method for concentrating urines of low to intermediate protein content (0.02-0.50 g/L) prior to 2-DE analysis.

Animals↗
PubMed2007

Hypersensitivity reaction against patent blue during sentinel lymph node removal in three melanoma patients.

BACKGROUND: In order to identify the sentinel lymph node (SLN) in melanoma patients intradermal injection of a radiocolloid tracer and a blue dye are commonly used. Life-threatening side effects such as allergic reactions to the injected dye have been described. We report 3 cases with systemic allergic reactions. METHODS: Three patients suffering from systemic reactions such as hypotension and rash during SLN biopsy were tested for sensitisation against patent blue and methylene blue with skin prick, scratch, and intradermal test. RESULTS: All 3 patients showed positive skin tests to patent blue confirming allergic reaction to the injected dye. In addition, all patients showed positive skin tests with methylene blue indicating immunologic cross-reactivity between patent blue and methylene blue. CONCLUSIONS: Although allergic reactions to blue dye during SLN biopsy are rare, they may be life threatening. It is important that the attending anesthetist is aware of this.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Sorption of basic and acid dyes from aqueous solutions onto oxihumolite.

Naturally occurring kind of weathered and oxidised young brown coal called oxihumolite was used for an adsorptive removal of basic (Methylene Blue, Malachite Green) as well as acid (Egacid Orange, Midlon Black) dyes from waters. It was shown that both kinds of dyes can be sorbed onto oxihumolite. The maximum sorption capacities determined from the parameters of Langmuir isotherms ranged from 0.070 mmol g-1 (for Midlon Black) to 0.278 mmol g-1 (for Malachite Green) and did not differ significantly for basic and acid dyes. The dye sorption (except of Midlon Black) increased in the presence of inorganic salt. Non-ionic surfactants, and surfactants bearing the same charge as the dye exhibited only a minor effect on the dye sorption, whereas oppositely charged surfactants enhanced the dye sorption to a certain extent. The pH value of the aqueous phase exhibited rather pronounced effect on the sorption of acid dyes causing a suppression of the sorption with increasing pH. The sorption of basic dyes, on the other hand, remained almost unchanged in the examined pH range. Oxihumolite is recommended for the treatment of acid wastewaters because of its limited stability in alkaline aqueous solutions.

Adsorption↗
PubMed2006

Evaluation of sentinel node identification with isosulfan blue in gastric cancer.

AIMS: The aim of this study was to clarify whether the metastasis of gastric cancer can be detected by identifying the sentinel lymph nodes (SNs) using only lymphatic dye. METHOD: The study was based on 101 patients clinically diagnosed with T1 and T2 gastric cancer. Isosulfan blue was intraoperatively injected within the submucosal layer around the lesion through an endoscope and blue stained nodes (BNs) were identified as SNs and harvested. Standard radical gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy was performed on all patients and SNs and other nodes were evaluated. RESULTS: Out of 101 patients, 21 had lymph-node metastases. The accuracy of SN identification was 97.0% (98/101) and the metastasis detection rate was 85.7% (18/21). With improvement of the manoeuvre in the latter 84 cases, the detection rate was elevated up to 100.0% (18/18), as was the accuracy (84/84). CONCLUSION: The sentinel concept using lymphatic dye is applicable to gastric cancer, but the identification of SNs with lymphatic dye requires some practice. Furthermore, the issue of intraoperative metastasis detection remains to be resolved.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Adsorption behaviors of chitosan and the analysis of FTIR spectra].

This paper studied the adsorption behavior of lab-made chitosan for acid dyeing waste water and basic dyeing waste waters, based on the effects of adsorbing time, deacetylation degree of chitosan, and pH of waste water. The results showed that the adsorption of basic fuchsin and saffron by the chitosan almost reached equilibrium state in 20 min. The adsorption capacities of the chitosan for dyes was comparable with activated carbon. Moreover, its dosages were only 2/3 of the latter. The adsorption process for Acid Red presented a dynamics character of first order reaction. FTIR spectroscopy was used to analyze the adsorption mechanisms of chitosan for different kinds of dyes. It was found that a great deal of hydroxide radicals in the chitosan molecule participated in the adsorption of basic fuchsin and saffron.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1989

Total protein determined in human breast milk by use of coomassie brilliant blue and centrifugal analysis.

This simple method of centrifugal analysis for total protein in human breast milk is based on the change in the wavelength of the absorbance maximum of Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 when the dye is bound to protein. Within-run and between-day CVs were 3.8% and 4.8%, respectively. Compared with a micro-Kjeldahl method for determination of total nitrogen, the coefficient of correlation was 0.99.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Quantitative densitometry of proteins stained with coomassie blue using a Hewlett Packard scanjet scanner and Scanplot software.

In the present study we evaluated the performance of a software/scanner system that employed the Hewlett Packard (HP) ScanJet Plus and Scanplot Software for densitometric quantification of protein loads stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue following sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Gels with bovine serum albumin (BSA) standards, ranging from 0.125 to 10 micrograms, were scanned using reflectance densitometry with 127 microns step size in both the x and y directions and a resolution of 200 dots per inch. Densitometric volume was calculated for each protein band from scanner output in the tagged image file format (TIFF) by a customized software package, Scanplot V. 4.05 (Cunningham Engineering). Protein loads between 0.125 and 10.0 micrograms vs. volume were fit by a second-order regression: Volume = -0.58 x protein load2 + 16.82 x protein load + 7.87 (r = 0.991, p < 0.01). The same gels were scanned and quantified using a transmittance laser densitometer; densitometric volumes measured by both systems were highly correlated (r2 = 0.981, p < 0.01). Additional gels of BSA, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (myosin), and actin displayed linear relationships between protein loads up to 4.0 micrograms and densitometric volume reflecting unique dye binding properties. We conclude that accurate and reproducible quantitative densitometry of SDS-PAGE can be performed using the HP ScanJet Plus scanner and Scanplot software.

Actins↗
PubMed2002

Dyes for caries detection: influence on composite and compomer microleakage.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of caries-detecting dyes on the microleakage of adhesive materials. Sixty cubic class V cavities were prepared on buccal and lingual surfaces of 30 human third molars. Coronal margins were located in enamel and gingival margins in cementum. The teeth were randomly divided into six groups of ten restorations each. Cavities were restored with an adhesive system (Single Bond, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, Minn., USA), a compomer (F2000, 3M ESPE), or a composite resin (Z100, 3M ESPE) according to the manufacturer's directions. Acid red dye (Seek, Ultradent, South Jordan, Ut., USA) and basic fuchsin dye (Vide Cárie, Inodon, Porto Alegre, Brazil) were tested. Control groups were prepared without the use of dyes. After 7 days of storage in distilled water, the restorations were polished and the teeth were subjected to thermal cycling followed by immersion in 2% methylene blue. The teeth were sectioned, and microleakage scores were evaluated under magnification (40x). Data were submitted to statistical analysis using the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test. A statistically significant difference ( P<0.05) in microleakage was found between the materials in cementum (Z100>F2000) but not in enamel. Control and experimental groups using dyes showed similar results. It was concluded that dyes for caries detection did not increase microleakage of the adhesive materials tested.

Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate↗
PubMed2001

Highest isotope count does not predict sentinel node positivity in all breast cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: Radioisotope mapping is an essential technical component of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy, and most authors define isotope success by an arbitrary threshold SLN-to-background ratio. Few studies have examined the degree to which the relative level of SLN counts correlates with the presence of metastasis. Having removed the SLN with the highest counts, how far should the surgeon persist in removing additional SLN which contain much lower levels of isotope? METHODS: We performed SLN biopsy, using both radioisotope and blue dye, in 2285 consecutive patients with stage I-II breast cancer. Successful isotope localization was defined as an ex vivo SLN-to-axillary background count ratio of at least 4:1, and enhanced pathologic analysis (serial sections and immunohistochemistry) was used throughout. RESULTS: Among the 1566 patients with more than one SLN site identified, the SLN contained metastasis in 463 (30%). In 369 (80%) of these SLN-positive cases, the SLN with the highest count contained tumor, but in 94 (20%) it was benign. Among these 94: (1) the counts of the hottest benign SLN exceeded those of the histologically positive SLN by a ratio of at least 10:1 in 31% (29 of 94) of cases, (2) the counts of the positive SLN were < 4:1 those of the axillary background in 16% (15 of 94) of cases, and (3) blue dye failed to identify 27% of positive SLN. No optimum ratio of SLN-to-SLN or SLN-to-background counts identified the positive SLN in all cases. CONCLUSION: Although the SLN with the highest counts is positive in 80% of breast cancer patients with multiple SLN, neither a relatively high isotope count nor the presence of blue dye consistently predict SLN positivity in all breast cancer patients. For maximum accuracy, SLN biopsy requires (1) the removal of all nodes containing isotope regardless of the relative magnitude of counts, (2) the concurrent use of blue dye to salvage those procedures in which isotope fails, and (3) the removal of all clinically suspicious non-SLN.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Anaphylaxis to isosulfan blue dye during sentinel lymph node biopsy.

We describe a case of intraoperative anaphylaxis resulting from isosulfan blue (IB) dye, an agent being increasingly used for identification of sentinel lymph nodes. A 45-year-old woman undergoing a left mastectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy under general endotracheal anesthesia developed severe intraoperative hypotension and tachycardia 10 minutes after subcutaneous injection of IB dye for lymphatic mapping. This was associated with a reduction in pulse oximeter reading to 89%. She was successfully resuscitated using 1 mg of epinephrine intravenously (IV). Invasive arterial and central venous pressures were initiated; her lymph node biopsy was concluded, but the rest of her procedure was canceled. Postoperative workup revealed a high tryptase level indicative of an intraoperative anaphylactic reaction most probably related to the IB dye. Isosulfan blue dye can act as an antigen, causing a full-blown intraoperative anaphylactic reaction. Early recognition and aggressive hemodynamic interventions can reduce morbidity and mortality.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1997

Intraoperative lymphatic mapping for early-stage melanoma of the head and neck.

BACKGROUND: We previously reported dye-directed intraoperative lymphatic mapping and selective sentinel lymphadenectomy for primary cutaneous melanomas draining to the neck lymph nodes. In this study we determined whether combining the dye with a radiopharmaceutical agent would enhance our rate of sentinel node detection. METHODS: One hundred seventeen patients with primary cutaneous melanomas of the upper chest and head and neck underwent preoperative cutaneous lymphoscintigraphy to confirm lymphatic drainage to neck nodes, followed by intraoperative lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymphadenectomy. In 94 cases, isosulfan blue dye was injected at the primary site; in the remaining 23 cases, a 1:3 mixture of radiopharmaceutical and dye was injected, and a hand-held probe was used to determine the radioactive counts. RESULTS: Preoperative cutaneous lymphoscintigraphy identified 129 drainage basins; 12 patients (10%) had dual-basin drainage. During intraoperative lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymphadenectomy, 183 sentinel nodes were identified and excised from 120 basins (1.5 nodes/basin). The blue dye alone identified sentinel nodes in 93 of 101 basins (92%). The probe identified sentinel nodes in 28 of 28 basins, only one of which failed to reveal blue-staining sentinel nodes; thus, the probe plus dye identified sentinel nodes in 27 of 28 basins (96%). Histopathologic analysis revealed metastasis in sentinel nodes from 11 patients (12%) who underwent sentinel lymphadenectomy with blue dye alone and in 3 patients (13%) who underwent sentinel lymphadenectomy with dye plus probe. There were no same-basin recurrences over a mean follow-up of 46 months (range 1 to 125). CONCLUSIONS: Selective sentinel lymphadenectomy is a highly accurate method of staging the regional nodes in patients with primary tumors of the head and neck. Although we initially demonstrated the utility of this technique with blue dye alone, our results now suggest that the combination of dye and radiopharmaceutical may be a more sensitive method to detect sentinel nodes.

Coloring Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Preclinical investigation of internal limiting membrane staining and peeling using intravitreal brilliant blue G.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of intravitreal brilliant blue G (BBG) on the morphology and functions of the retina and its possible use for staining and peeling of the internal limiting membrane (ILM). METHODS: Rat eyes (n = 78) underwent gas compression vitrectomy. BBG solution was then injected into the vitreous cavity. The eyes were enucleated at 2 weeks and 2 months. Light as well as electron microscopy, terminal nick-end labeling staining, and electroretinography (ERG) were used to investigate retinal damage and function. To test the clinical potential of BBG, ILM staining was evaluated in primate eyes after pars plana vitrectomy followed by ILM peeling. RESULTS: In the rat eyes, no pathologic changes were observed with light microscopy. Electron microscopy revealed that high doses of BBG induced vacuolization in the inner retinal cells, but apoptosis was not detected. There was no reduction in the amplitude of the ERG waves. In the primate eyes, the ILM was clearly visualized after the intravitreous injection of BBG and was peeled off easily from the retina. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that BBG, which has low potential for toxicity, high staining ability, and ease of handling, is a good candidate dye for ILM peeling.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

The use of periareolar intradermal Tc-99m tin colloid and peritumoral intraparenchymal isosulfan blue dye injections for determination of the sentinel lymph node.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the use of lymphoscintigraphy, blue dye, and gamma probe detection methods for determination of the sentinel lymph node (SLN) using both periareolar intradermal injection of Tc-99m tin colloid and peritumoral intraparenchymal injection of isosulfan blue dye. METHODS: One hundred patients with T1-2 breast cancer and clinically negative nodes were enrolled in the present study. The study was composed of 2 groups. Backup axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) was mandatory in group 1 (20 patients) regardless of their lymph node status. In group 2 (80 patients), complete ALND was performed when intraoperative frozen section analysis of SLN revealed metastases. Otherwise, only SLN biopsy was performed without ALND. One day before surgery, Tc-99m tin colloid was injected at 4 periareolar sites intradermally. Lymphoscintigraphy was performed 1 to 2 hours after injection of the radiocolloid. Twenty minutes before surgery, isosulfan blue dye was injected into parenchyma surrounding the tumor or the biopsy cavity. RESULTS: The detection rates of SLN and false-negative rate of lymphoscintigraphy, blue dye, and gamma probe detection were 85%, 95% 100%, and 0% in group 1, 91%, 87%, and 95% in group 2, respectively. Detection rate by the combination of blue dye and radio tracer was 98%. CONCLUSIONS: According to the results of our study, we conclude that perioareolar intradermal injection of Tc-99m tin colloid combined with peritumoral intraparenchymal injection of blue dye is an accurate and easy method of locating the sentinel node with very high detection rates. It is recommended that the combination of all methods such as lymphoscintigraphy, blue dye, and gamma probe application will increase the success rate of SLN detection in patients with breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Microleakage along composite restorations in human premolars after treatment with different cleansing agents.

Cavities prepared on extracted human premolars wereeee treated with different cleansing agents and by different procedures. The cavities were filled with a composite restorative material and microleakage was assessed by recording the penetration of basic fuchsin dye. Only acid agents which removed the smeared layer, producing an etch pattern on the enamel cavity walls, were able to prevent microleakage.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed1982

Basic dyes for the staining of DNA in mammalian tissues and absorption spectra of stained nuclei in the visible light.

This communication presents informations on the staining of DNA with basic dyes, such as ethyl violet, Janus green, a new red dye obtained from Janus green, and Giemsa, belonging to different chemical groups. It has been found that DNA of tissue sections from which RNA has been extracted selectively with cold concentrated phosphoric acid can be stained with aqueous solutions of these dyes. Further, DNA of tissue sections from which RNA has been extracted and the sections then hydrolysed in 6 N HCl at 28 degrees C for 15 min can also be stained with aqueous solutions of ethyl violet, Janus green, and Giemsa. Moreover, tissue sections that have been hydrolysed in 6 N HCl and then stained with aqueous solutions of these dyes, including the new red dye obtained from Janus green, reveal well-stained nuclei. The absorption spectra of nuclei stained with aqueous solutions of ethyl violet, Janus green and Giemsa, following the above stated three procedures of staining have been presented. Absorption data of nuclei stained with the new red dye after Feulgen hydrolysis of tissue sections as well as those of nuclei in tissue sections from which RNA has been extracted have also been presented herein. The implications of these findings have been discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Bond strength to dentin with artificial carious lesions: influence of caries detecting dye.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of dyes for caries detection on tensile bond strength of adhesive materials to artificial carious dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Buccal and lingual enamel of human molars were removed leaving intact dentin surfaces. The entire surface of each specimen was covered with nail varnish, keeping a window area of 4 x 4 mm. Artificial carious lesions were induced with acidified gel. Three dyes (0.5% basic fuchsin; Caries Finder and Cari-D-Tect) were used according to manufacturers' recommendations. Specimens were etched with 35% phosphoric acid for 20 s, washed and dried, leaving a wet dentin surface. The adhesive system (Prime & Bond 2.0) was applied in two layers and light-cured. Restorative materials (TPH Spectrum, Dyract, Advance) were bonded using a 3-mm diameter inverted-cone mold. Control groups were made without dye. Eight samples were tested for each group. After 24 hrs of storage in distilled water, the samples were debonded using a testing machine at 0.5 mm/min crosshead speed. RESULTS: ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer test showed that TPH Spectrum (0.73 MPa) and Dyract (0.74 MPa) had similar bond strengths, and both were higher than Advance (0.0 MPa), which was statistically different (P < 0.01). The use of the dyes did not cause any changes in tensile bond strength for any tested materials.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1992

Sealing effectiveness of light-cured glass ionomer cement liners.

Glass ionomer materials have been used as liners or bases beneath restorations, but light-cured varieties have recently been introduced. Microleakage at the restoration/tooth interface in cervical cavities was used to test the adhesion to dentin of two new light-cured glass ionomer cement lining materials, XR-Ionomer and Fuji Lining LC. Wedge-shaped cervical cavities were prepared on extracted teeth with a gingival cavosurface margin involving dentin, and the specimens were assigned randomly to three groups. The experimental groups were restored with two light-cured glass ionomer cements, the controls were restored with a chemically cured glass ionomer cement; and marginal leakage was assessed by dye penetration. The two light-cured glass ionomer cements displayed some adhesion to dentin in class V test cavities, but there was no significant difference between the two materials.

Dental Bonding↗