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[Analysis of soil pollution by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and heavy metals (Cd, Pb) along railroads near Iława Główna].

The aim of our work was to investigate the soil pollution by PCBs at railway surroundings i.e. two railway lines and railway junction Iława Główna. At railway junction the pollution by heavy metals (lead and cadmium) was also investigated. The soil samples collected on selected experimental areas were analysed by extraction and GLC. The results of our investigation allow to confirm the increased level of PCBs in analysed samples. It proves the suggestion about emission of PCBs connected with railway transport. The level of contamination is extremely high on the region of old railway junction Iława Główna. The relation between type of carried load and level of pollution was not detected. The lack of close correlation between contamination level and distance from railway line may results from water unsolubility of PCBs. The concentration of PCBs depends mostly on transport frequency or train staying, whereas heavy metal concentration depends also from type of carried load.

Cadmium↗

A railroad switch in mitochondrial protein import.

Chacinska et al., (2005) recently clarified how translocation machineries of the mitochondrial outer and inner membranes cooperate to correctly sort preproteins destined for the mitochondrial matrix and inner membrane.

Biological Transport↗

A nanofluidic railroad switch for DNA.

We present a metamaterial consisting of a two-dimensional, asymmetric lattice of crossed nanochannels in fused silica, with channel diameters of 80 nm to 140 nm. When DNA is introduced, it is stretched and linearized. We show that the asymmetry in channel dimensions gives rise to a preferred direction for DNA orientation and a preferred direction for transport under dc electrophoresis. Interestingly, the preferred axis of orientation and transport can be switched by 90 degrees through application of an ac voltage. We explain the results in terms of an energy landscape for polyelectrolytes that consists of entropic and dielectrophoretic contributions and whose strength and sign can be tuned by changing the ac field strength.

DNA↗