SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “RADIOGRAPHY”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources

PubMed1999

Colorectal cancer screening: a community case-control study of proctosigmoidoscopy, barium enema radiography, and fecal occult blood test efficacy.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effectiveness of screening proctosigmoidoscopy, barium enema radiography, and the fecal occult blood test (FOBT) in decreasing colorectal cancer mortality in a community setting. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this population-based case-control study, cases comprised 218 Rochester, Minn, residents who died of colorectal cancer between 1970 and 1993. Controls were 435 age- and sex-matched residents who did not have a diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Screening proctosigmoidoscopy, barium enema radiography, and FOBT results were documented for the 10 years prior to and including the date of diagnosis of fatal colorectal cancer in cases and for the same period in matched controls. History of general medical examinations and hospitalizations was also recorded. RESULTS: Within the 10 years prior to diagnosis, the percentages of cases vs controls with at least 1 screening proctosigmoidoscopy were 23 (10.6%) of 218 cases vs 43 (9.9%) of 435 controls; at least 1 screening barium enema radiographic study was done in 12 (5.5%) of 218 vs 25 (5.7%) of 435. Within 3 years prior to diagnosis, the percentages of cases vs controls with at least 1 screening FOBT were 27 (12.4%) of 218 vs 44 (10.1%) of 435. Adjusted odds ratios were 1.04 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.21-5.13) for proctosigmoidoscopy (distal rectosigmoid cancers only), 0.67 (95% CI, 0.31-1.48) for barium enema radiography, and 0.83 (95% CI, 0.45-1.52) for FOBT over the above time periods. CONCLUSION: In this case-control study within a community setting, a colorectal cancer-specific mortality benefit could not be demonstrated for screening by FOBT, proctosigmoidoscopy, or barium enema radiography. Screening frequency was low, which may have contributed to the lack of measurable effects.

Aged↗

PubMed1994

[Detectability of intra-osseous lesions of jaws with computed panoramic radiography].

The purpose of this study is to examine the diagnostic accuracy in the detection of jaw lesions with computed panoramic radiography and to find optimal parameters for every diagnostic purpose. A phantom of an artificial mandibular bone was devised, and radiolucent and radiopaque jaw lesions were simulated by a wedge-shaped cavity. Panoramic radiographies were taken by varying the position of the phantom and the parameters of computed radiography (CR). The results were as follows: 1. Detectability decreased more abruptly with CR than with conventional radiography with the increase of the distance from the focal trough. 2. The optimal relative gamma value (GA) of CR for the radiolucent lesions (air) was; 1.2 for gradationally enhanced (L) images and 1.0 for frequency enhanced (R) images. The detectability was not influenced with the changes in the spatial frequency areas (RE). 3. The optimal parameters for the radiolucent lesions (water) were; GA = 1.2, RE = 0.2 -0.5, frequency enhancement ranks (RN) = 1 for the L images, and GA = 1.0-1.2, RN = 3-5 for the R images. 4. The optimal parameters for the radiopaque lesions (50% CaCl2 solution) were; GA = 1.2 -1.6 for the L images and GA = 1.6, RE = 5.0, for the R images. 5. The clinical images with these optimal parameters were generally recognized as better than those with non-optimum parameters.

Humans↗

PubMed2006

Diagnostic values of sonography for assessment of sternal fractures compared with conventional radiography and bone scans.

OBJECTIVE: This study was prospectively undertaken to evaluate the diagnostic value of sonography for detection of sternal fractures. We compared sonographic, conventional radiographic, and bone scan examinations of sternal fractures. METHODS: Fifty consecutive patients (26 male and 24 female; mean age, 45.2 years) were evaluated. Conventional radiography and sonography were performed in all patients, and bone scans were performed in 39 patients. All patients had acute pain and tenderness in anterior midline chest areas. Sonography was performed by 2 musculoskeletal radiologists within 1 to 2 days after admission. Patients underwent conventional radiography at admission and bone scans within 4 to 7 days after admission. Two radiologists reviewed all imaging findings by means of consensus. In addition, sonography was performed in 20 asymptomatic patients in a normal control group. RESULTS: Conventional radiography depicted sternal fractures in 12 of 50 patients. Sternal fractures were detected in 31 of 50 patients on sonography. Fractures on sonography were located in the manubrium (8 cases), upper sternal body (11 cases), mid sternal body (5 cases), and lower sternal body (7 cases). Bone scans showed sternal hot uptakes (accumulations of the radionuclide used) in 18 of 39 patients. In the control group, there were no bony defects or abnormal contours. CONCLUSIONS: We could detect sternal fractures more effectively with sonography than with conventional radiography and bone scans. In addition, sternal fracture locations showed relatively even distributions, and focal fractures in the manubrium were not easily detected on bone scans.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

The evaluation of diagnostic accordance between plain radiography and bone scintigraphy for the assessment of sternum and rib fractures in the early period of blunt trauma.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic accordance between scintigraphy and radiography in the early period following blunt thoracic trauma. DESIGN: Double-blind, prospective clinical study. METHODS: Thirty-four adult patients with blunt thoracic trauma were examined by plain radiography and scintigraphy within 24 hours of trauma. RESULTS: Radiography displayed pathologies in 25 (73.5%), while scintigraphy suggested pathologies in 24 (70.5%) patients. Rib fractures were identified radiographically in 16 (47%) and scintigraphically in 17 (50%) patients. Lateral radiograph of the sternum showed fracture in 10 (52.6%), while scintigraphy suggested fracture in 14 (73.6%) patients with suspected sternal trauma. CONCLUSION: Scintigraphy gave better results in the evaluation of sternal fractures during the early period of thorax trauma. Conventional plain radiography is thought to be the initial imaging modality, because it saves time and shows hemothorax or pneumothorax besides the osseous abnormality.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Acute traumatic acromioclavicular joint lesions: role of ultrasound versus conventional radiography.

PURPOSE: To assess the diagnostic potential of ultrasound as compared to conventional radiography in quantifying the anatomic and structural damage and determining the grade of acute traumatic lesions of the acromioclavicular (AC) joint. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From September 2001 to September 2002, 18 patients (16 men, 2 women; age range: 17-78 years) who came to our Emergency Service with clinically suspected acute traumatic AC joint lesion were examined by ultrasonography with a variable frequency linear-array transducer (7.5-12 Mhz). The morphology of the AC joint peri-articular ligaments and soft tissues, distance between the edge of the acromion and the lateral margin of the clavicle, distance between the superior edge of the coracoid and the inferior margin of the clavicle were evaluated. Conventional radiography was performed prior to ultrasound using routine antero-posterior (A-P), single-film stress and "outlet" projections. All patients subsequently underwent clinical follow-up for a mean period of six months. RESULTS: On US examination, all patients presented AC ligament lesion associated with consistent intra- and extra-articular sero-haemorrhagic effusion. Six of the 18 patients had suffered indirect trauma. Diastasis of the AC joint with ligament lesion not associated with involvement of coracoclavicular (CC) joint and with ligament integrity was observed. Twelve of the 18 patients had direct trauma. Changes to AC and CC ligaments with consequent diastasis of both joints were observed. Measurements of AC and CC distance obtained on US examination corresponded to those obtained at conventional radiography in the A-P projection. At clinical follow-up, no variation in the previously established diagnosis was recorded in any patient. CONCLUSIONS: If appropriate methodology and adequate transducers are used, ultrasound is an accurate and reliable technique for the evaluation of acute AC joint injuries, complementing and correlating well with conventional radiography.

Acromioclavicular Joint↗

PubMed2004

Radiation dose in digital chest radiography: comparison among three technologies.

PURPOSE: To compare the Entrance Surface Dose (ESD) for a normal patient, measured on three types of dedicated digital equipment for chest radiography: an amorphous selenium system, a CR (Computed Radiography) system, and a system for direct radiography (DR) based on an amorphous silicon active matrix (a-Si) connected to a CsI(T1) detector. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The ESD values were measured with different dosimeters placed in the air parallel to the detector plane, and at a distance equal to the thickness of a normal-build patient. The measurements were taken with the radiological parameters (Posterior-Anterior projection (PA) and Lateral projection (L)) used in diagnostic practice to obtain high-quality diagnostic radiographic images. The measurements taken with the DR equipment were repeated after the manufacturer added a 0.2 mm-thick Cu filter. The ESD values obtained by this series of measurements were reported as mean and standard deviation values (M+/-SD). RESULTS: With the PA projection, the doses measured for the different devices were the following: amorphous selenium system 0.12+/-0.06 mGy, CR system 0.3+/-0.05 mGy, DR system 0.05+/-0.02 mGy. With the L projection: amorphous selenium system 0.40+/-0.13 mGy, CR system 0.9+/-0.17 mGy, and DR system 0.21+/-0.15 mGy. CONCLUSIONS: The use of digital systems allows a significant reduction of the patient dose. In particularly the Direct Radiography system, based on a CsI/a-Si detector, administers the lowest patient dose.

Radiation Dosage↗

PubMed1992

Comparative means of dose reduction in dental radiography.

This review on dose reduction in dental radiography focuses on criteria for selecting the frequency and type of radiographs to be performed on patients. By making radiographs only when there is a reasonable probability of a finding that will influence patient care, patient exposure and other radiographic costs may be substantially reduced. Patient dose may also be reduced by half by changing from D-speed film to E-speed film for intraoral radiography and by more than half by changing from calcium tungstate intensifying screens to rare-earth intensifying screens for panoramic and cephalometric radiography. Using rectangular collimation for intraoral radiography will also further reduce patient exposure by about fourfold. Finally, the use of time-temperature processing will prevent overexposure of the patient and underprocessing of the radiographs; optimal radiographs will be provided.

Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of proximal caries detection in primary teeth between laser fluorescence and bitewing radiography.

PURPOSE: The purposes of this in vitro study were to: (1) compare the accuracy of a laser fluorescence system (DIAGNOdent) in proximal caries diagnosis in primary teeth with that of bitewing radiography, using the histological examination as a gold standard; and (2) evaluate the reliability of the DIAGNOdent examination. METHODS: Included were 107 extracted primary molars without obvious cavities on proximal surfaces. The teeth were examined by 2 examiners using DIAGNOdent directly on the lesions (without contact; ie, proximal surfaces were not in contact with other teeth) and indirectly (with contact; ie, proximal surfaces were in contact with adjacent teeth). To simulate contacting teeth, the studied surface was set adjacent to a sound surface in a wax base. The contacting teeth were also diagnosed using bitewing radiography. Results of the diagnoses were compared with a histological gold standard. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for each diagnostic system. Inter- and intraexaminer reliabilities of DIAGNOdent were calculated using intraclass correlation (ICC). RESULTS: At the dentine caries (D3) level, the sensitivities of bitewing radiography (with contacting teeth) and DIAGNOdent with and without contacting teeth (direct application) were 0.41, 0.85 and 0.93, respectively, and the specificities were 1, 0.89, and 0.87, respectively. Both inter- and intraexaminer reliabilities using DIAGNOdent with and without contacting teeth (direct application) were very high (ICC=0.97 to 0.99). CONCLUSIONS: The reliability of DIAGNOdent is very high and its diagnostic validity (sum of sensitivity and specificity) is higher than that of bitewing radiography for proximal caries detection in primary teeth.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMed2006

Old habits die hard: chest radiography for screening purposes in primary care.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the use of chest radiography for screening changes over time. DESIGN: Systematic review. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, ISI, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and handsearching of selected journals. REVIEW METHODS: We evaluated whether the proportion of primary care physicians using chest radiography to screen for (1) malignancy in the general asymptomatic population, (2) malignancy in a high-risk subgroup, (3) any disease in the general population, and (4) any disease in a high-risk subgroup changed over time, using random-effects meta-regression analysis. Adjustments for the availability of national guidelines were also performed. RESULTS: Overall, 10% to 90% of primary care physicians reported using chest x-ray for screening. In unadjusted analyses, the proportion of physicians using chest radiography for cancer screening in the general population tended to increase by 0.9% per year (8 studies, n = 4313). The corresponding annual changes were -2.9% for cancer screening in high-risk subgroups (8 studies, n = 2784) and -0.4% regarding screening for any disease in the population (7 studies, n = 2627). No meta-regressions were run for outcome (4) (only 1 study). In the adjusted analyses, there was a decreasing nonsignificant trend for all outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Despite formal recommendations, many physicians still use chest x-ray for screening, with their number decreasing slowly over time. This practice may be harmful because the positive predictive value of chest radiography is low, and further evaluation of false-positive findings might be associated with increased cost and risk from additional diagnostic or therapeutic interventions.

Humans↗

PubMed1990

[Fundamental study of alveolar bone measurements in the hamster using an apparatus for intraoral radiography].

Morphometry of bone resorption in experimental periodontitis is performed primarily by radiography after sacrificing the animal or by microscopy of histopathologic specimens prepared from resected jaw bones. Both techniques are recognized as effective examinations. However, these are cross-sectional procedures involving resection of specimens, and for evaluation of changes in symptoms from reversible to irreversible, which are characteristic of periodontal diseases, or for follow-up of the aging process, application of standard radiography and a method to properly interpret the images obtained are needed. The author designed an apparatus that allows in site radiographic evaluation of individual animals, which has not been considered in conventional morphometric analyses of periodontal bone resorption. With this apparatus, radiograms are obtained by placing a soft X-ray film in the oral cavity and exposing it with a soft X-ray projector. As a fundamental study of the usefulness of this apparatus, author evaluated the optimal conditions of radiography for imaging of soft tissues, the accuracy of the measurements, and the method for bone measurement. Experimental bone resorption was induced in the mandibular alveolar bone of the hamster, the changing lesion was radiographed daily with this apparatus by the standard procedure, and measurements were attempted by the length measuring method and densitometry method. The following results were obtained: 1) The intraoral apparatus was designed to allow radiography of both sides of the mandibular molar regions of the hamster. The apparatus consisted basically of a film cartridge, an opening, and a fixing portion. The projection angle can be adjusted by the fixing portion so that soft X-ray is always projected orthoradially on the surface of the film, and the soft X-ray film can be kept attached to the hamster mandibular molar region by microadjustment of the opening and the calibrations for angle adjustment. With this apparatus, the percent enlargement was minute at 0.43%, and the reproduced image showed a correlation of 0.998 with the standard. (2) The radiographic conditions of a focus-film distance of 30 cm. acceleration potential of 40 kV, current of 2.5 mA, and projection time of 20 sec. were considered to be optimal in hamsters with regard to the quality of the image and stress to the animals. 3) Palladium used as a reference for densitometry was highly manipulatable with a maximum thickness of 0.1 mm and was appropriate for estimation of the mineral content of the hamster mandibular bone. 4) According to morphometry of the hamster lower jaw alveolar region by the length measuring method and the densitometry method in serial standard soft X-ray images, bone absorption was greater in the order of the diet + inoculation group, diet group and control group in a decreasing order. In the control group, the growth of the bilateral alveolar region reached a peak 23 weeks (about 165 days) after birth, and bone resorption probably due to aging was thereafter observed at the apex of the alveolar bone.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗

PubMed1987

Effective dose equivalent from intraoral radiography.

By means of available data of mean organ doses from intraoral radiography the effective dose equivalent from dental radiography was calculated. The dose values used correspond to 65 kVp, 0.2 m FSD and 20 exposures with film in speed group D. The effective dose equivalent was calculated for circular (55 mm diameter) as well as rectangular collimator (35 mm X 44 mm) and amounted to 0.23 and 0.14 mSv, respectively. In comparison with the annual natural radiation the corresponding time would be 6 and 3 weeks, respectively. Following the definition of the effective dose equivalent by ICRP (1977) it was found that the most radiosensitive organs contributed 20-25 per cent of the total effective dose equivalent. The organs with the highest weighting factors thus received very small or negligible dose equivalents. The calculation necessitates a detailed knowledge of the absorbed doses and the weighting factors, which made the application for dental radiography somewhat uncertain. The concept of energy imparted might be a more direct measure to compare the risk from different examinations in dental radiography.

Energy Transfer↗

PubMed1977

Skeletal scintimaging and radiography in the diagnosis and management of Paget's disease.

Experiences in sue of skeletal scintimaging, primarily with 99mTc EHDP, is reported in 108 patients with Paget's disease. The results are compared with other reports and suggest that the mean age of this sample at the time of initial diagnosis and study is somewhat younger than patients in series reported in the literature. In correlation of scintimaging with skeletal radiography only approximately 67% of lesions are seen with the latter. Lesions seen only on scintimaging primarily are associated with early symptomatic lesions and lesions seen only on radiography with older sclerotic "burned out" type lesions. Scintimaging reveals a relatively low incidence of monostotic distribution of lesions, and is superior to skeletal radiography for diagnosis of metastatic bone disease. Qualitative skeletal scintimaging is valuable for objective assessments of therapeutic management by new modes of therapy while clinical radiography is not.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗

PubMed1980

Comparison of bone scans and radiography for detecting bone neoplasms in dogs exposed to 238PuO2.

Radioisotopic bone scans and radiography were used to detect bone neoplasms in 144 dogs that inhaled alpha-particle-emitting 238PuO2 particles. Radiography was used routinely to survey the skeleton of the dogs. Nineteen dogs developed bone neoplasms; 17 of these were studied with bone scans and radiography; both methods showed a high degree of success in detecting bone neoplasms. Predominant regions of occurrence have been the lumbar region of the spine and the humerus. The bone scanning method used gamma-camera detection of IV injected 99mTc-labeled methylene diphosphonate. All neoplasms detected radiographically also were identified by bone scans. In addition, 3 lesions confirmed histologically as osteosarcomas were detected by bone scanning, but were missed by radiography. Bone scanning was a more sensitive means for the detection of bone neoplasms than were routine radiographic procedures.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

[Right ventricular volume determination by two-dimensional echocardiography and radiography in model hearts using a subtraction method].

The irregularity and complexity of the right ventricle is the reason why no accurate method for right ventricular volume determination exists. A new method for right ventricular volume determination particularly for two-dimensional echocardiography was developed-it is called subtraction method-and was compared with the pyramid and Simpson's methods. The partial volume of the left ventricle and septum was subtracted from total volume of right and left ventricle including interventricular septum. Thus right ventricular volume resulted. Total and partial volume were computer-assisted calculated by use of biplane methods, preferably Simpson's rule. The method was proved with thinwall silicon-rubber model hearts of the left and right ventricle. Two orthogonal planes in the long-axis were filmed by radiography or scanned in a water bath by two-dimensional echocardiography equivalent to RAO and LAO-projections of cineangiocardiograms or to four- and two-chamber views of apical two-dimensional echocardiograms. For calculation of the major axes of the elliptical sections, summed up by Simpson's rule, they were derived from the LAO-projection and the four-chamber view, respectively, the minor axis approximated from the RAO-projection and the two-chamber view. For comparison of direct-measured volume and two-dimensional echocardiographically determined volume, regression equation was given by y = 1.01 x -3.2, correlation-coefficient, r = 0.977, and standard error of estimate (SEE) +/- 10.5 ml. For radiography, regression equation was y = 0.909 x + 13.3,r = 0.983, SEE = +/- 8.0 ml. For pyramid method and Simpson's rule, higher standard errors and lower correlation coefficients were found. Between radiography and two-dimensional echocardiography a mean difference of 4.3 +/- 13.2 ml, using subtraction method, and -10.2 +/- 22.9 ml, using pyramid method, as well as -0,6 +/- 18.5 ml, using Simpson's rule, were calculated for right ventricular volume measurements. Differences were not significant. The subtraction method seems to be useful for calculation of right ventricular volume by radiography as well as two-dimensional echocardiography. Further studies in isolated hearts and patients are necessary for final judgment of the accuracy of this new method.

Blood Volume↗

PubMed1981

Correlation of double-contrast radiography and endoscopy in reflux esophagitis.

Esophageal double-contrast radiography was performed on 19 patients with endoscopically verified reflux esophagitis and on 12 patients with endoscopically normal esophagus. Using the findings at endoscopy as a reference, double-contrast radiography showed four false-negatives and one false-positive finding, its overall accuracy being 84%. In both double-contrast radiography and endoscopy, hiatal incompetence correlated poorly with the presence of any esophagitis. It was concluded that double-contrast radiography is the radiological method of choice in suspected reflux esophagitis, and that screening of the lower esophagus should be included in examinations of the upper gastrointestinal tract.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Direct digital radiography in the dental office.

With rapidly developing technology, conventional dental radiography is being overtaken by a revolution in digital radiography. In recent years the emphasis has been on indirect digital radiography involving the conversion of conventional film radiographs into digital images. This stage has been useful in helping the research and development of direct digital radiography which is now coming to the fore. Using this technique, direct images are acquired in the dental practice. These images can be manipulated, enhanced, stored and exchanged for referral and other purposes, making them of great potential use. In addition to the direct clinical and diagnostic benefits, the techniques also have distinct environmental advantages including less use of resources and reduced radiation dosages.

Humans↗

PubMed1993

Evaluation of hip disorders by radiography, radionuclide scanning and magnetic resonance imaging.

Thirty-six hips were studied because of significant hip pain. Radiography of the hip and bone scintigraphy showed subtle changes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed using a 1.5 Tesla superconductive unit. All MRI findings were confirmed by surgical or pathologic results. Twenty-nine hips had a single lesion, including: infection (one), fracture (eight), avascular necrosis of the femur(two), or contralateral hip (four), transient osteoporosis (six), osteoporosis (one), post-irradiation myositis (one), metastasis (four), and synovitis (two). Twenty-six lesions (89.6%) appeared normal on the radiographs of the hip, while three lesions (10.4%) showed only osteoporotic change. Another seven hips had more than one lesion, including: avascular necrosis and fracture (four), fracture foci (two), and metastasis and fracture (two). Radiography of the hip showed either a negative finding or detected only a single lesion, missing other important pathologic foci. MRI is extremely sensitive to alterations in the bone marrow that may represent pathology occult to plain radiography and bone scintigraphy of the hips. For diagnosis and treatment planning, MRI of the hips should be performed early in patients with persistent pain and negative radiography findings.

Acetabulum↗

PubMed1994

New techniques in chest radiography.

Advances in film-screen radiography (e.g., InSight) and beam equalization radiography (e.g., AMBER) have improved the quality of standard chest radiographs. Despite the improved visibility of the mediastinum and retrocardiac and retrodiaphragmatic lung with AMBER, it is debatable whether this advantage outweighs its disadvantages, especially the increased cost of the unit and decreased reliability. The benefits of storage phosphor systems have largely been in the area of bedside radiography, where consistent image quality over a wide range of exposures and image processing compensate for the lower spatial resolution. More routine application of this technology to standard chest radiography is likely, especially as image processing techniques improve and digital units become more cost effective. Storage phosphor digital imaging may be the most appropriate technique for entry of images into a picture archiving and communication system in which images stored in image management systems can be displayed on high-resolution monitors in local or distant sites. Such systems have the potential of improving patient care by providing more rapid access to radiographic images, especially if the image is accompanied by an immediate report. Because of the significant expense of a picture archiving and communication system, their introduction is likely to be gradual, via networks in specific areas such as between intensive care units and radiology departments.

Data Display↗