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At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Comparison of radio-frequency and electrolytic lesions of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus.

Radio-frequency and anodal electrolytic lesions of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) were found to produce equal and dramatic increases in body weight in female rats. Neither of the groups with lesions had significantly elevated plasma insulin levels during a period of food restriction, but individual values varied greatly. Both groups displayed marked basal hyperinsulinemia after 30 days of food ad lib. It is concluded that radio-frequency and electrolytic PVN lesions produce similar obesity syndromes.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The assessment of radio-response of cervical carcinoma by colposcopy.

Ninety-four patients with invasive carcinoma of the cervix were investigated for radio-response during treatment using colposcopy and serial biopsies. In 31 patients, the results were further correlated with pathological examination of the Wertheim hysterectomy specimen. It is established that colposcopy can be as reliable as biopsy in predicting radio-response and can be employed complementary to serial biopsies and clinical examinations. The colposcopic features of cervical carcinomas undergoing irradiation are described.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Effect of radio-detoxified endotoxin on the liver microsomal drug metabolizing enzyme system in rats.

E. coli endotoxin (LPS) depresses the hepatic microsomal mono-oxygenase activity. Radio-detoxified LPS (TOLERIN: 60 Co irradiated endotoxin preparation) decreases this biotransforming activity to a smaller extent. Phenobarbital, an inducer of this mono-oxygenase system, failed to induce in LPS-treated animals. In radio-detoxified LPS-treated rats, phenobarbital induced the mono-oxygenase and almost fully restored the biotransformation.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Radio-adaptive response: characterization of a cytogenetic repair induced by low-level ionizing radiation in cultured Chinese hamster cells.

Pretreatment with low doses of beta-rays from incorporated tritiated thymidine ([3H]dThd) or of Co-60 gamma-rays (1 or 5 cGy) rendered actively growing Chinese hamster V79 cells more resistant to the induction of micronuclei or sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) by a subsequent high dose of gamma-rays (1 Gy). This adaptive response to ionizing radiation (radio-adaptive response) can be induced by an optimal range of low doses of 3H beta-rays, but not by much lower or higher adapting doses. Full expression of the adaptive response induced by the exposure to low doses of 60Co gamma-rays occurred 4 h after the adapting dose. The cells pre-exposed to low doses of gamma-rays showed cross-resistance to challenge doses of gamma-rays themselves and also of mitomycin C (MMC) and near ultraviolet light (UV-B, 313 nm), but not to those of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) or cis-platinum (II) diammine dichloride (cisplatin) for SCE induction. These results suggest that the radio-adaptive response mechanistically couples to the repair network which copes with chromatin lesions induced by MMC and UV-B.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Factors influencing outcome following radio-chemotherapy for oesophageal cancer. The Trans Tasman Radiation Oncology Group (TROG)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSES: To define new directions, the Trans Tasman Radiation Oncology Group (TROG) has conducted a detailed analysis of its unrandomised experience with radio-chemotherapy in oesophageal cancer. METHODS AND PATIENTS: Since 1984, 373 patients with oesophageal cancer have been treated on three prospective, but unrandomised, protocols involving radiation with concurrent cisplatin and infusional fluorouracil. Centres in Australia and New Zealand have contributed patients. Reasons for case selection have been examined in detail and prognostic models have been examined in the light of biases exposed. RESULTS: Cause specific survival in 92 patients treated pre-operatively with 35 Gy, infusional fluorouracil and cisplatin was 25.5 +/- 6.0% at 5 years and similar to the 5 year expectations of 169 patients treated with 60 Gy and two courses of the same chemotherapy (23.8 +/- 4.7%). Analysis of failure in these groups suggests that local relapse precedes the development of metastases and competes as a cause for ultimate failure. Although patients treated surgically were less likely to relapse locally, survival was no better because more developed metastases. Some of the 112 patients treated "palliatively" with 30-35 Gy concurrent with chemotherapy without surgery have become long-term survivors with 5 year survival figure in this group 7.7 +/- 3.4%. Apart from variables related to disease stage and performance status at presentation, tumour site emerged as a strong predictor of outcome. Prognosis worsens the nearer the tumour is to the stomach. In addition, indications of a radiation dose response relationship emerged. CONCLUSIONS: Concurrent radio-chemotherapy protocols can improve outcome in patients fit enough to tolerate these approaches. New strategies remain necessary, however.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

A new leukemogenic retrovirus isolated from tumor cells derived from a radio-induced lymphoma of C57BL/6 mice: analysis of the env and LTR sequences.

We report the cloning and characterization of a new ecotropic provirus encountered in a radio-induced thymic lymphoma of the C57BL/6 mouse. The provirus with an abnormally long LTR was inserted in the chromosomal DNA within the Pvt-1/MLVi-1/Mis-1 region which is a common integration site for MCF virus in mice and for Mo-MuLV in rats. This new ecotropic provirus was molecularly cloned and found to be infectious and competent for replication after transfection of murine cells. The recovered virus termed T3651/B was B-ecotropic, T-lymphotropic (in vivo) and highly leukemogenic for newborn C57BL/6 mice and for adult mice provided they were submitted to a subleukemogenic dose of irradiation. As compared to the AKV prototype N-ecotropic endogenous retrovirus, the T3651/B env proteins are only affected by few scattered point mutations. In contrast, the LTR has five repeats of enhancer sequences containing consensus motifs specific of the nuclear factors NF1-like, LVa, LVb and SEF1. Since a virus with such properties was encountered only once in 31 radio-induced tumors and isolated at a fourth tumor passage, a direct role of T3651/B virus in tumor genesis after irradiation is uncertain. Nevertheless, it is clear that T3651/B virus is a new leukemogenic retrovirus with a particular LTR structure which fits well with the model proposed by Rassart et al. (J. Virol. 58, 96-106, 1986) for the emergence of a thymotropic highly leukemogenic RadLV.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

The Swanson ulnar head prosthesis for post-traumatic disorders of the distal radio-ulnar joint.

20 Swanson ulnar head prostheses inserted for post-traumatic disorders of the distal radio-ulnar joint were reviewed at a mean of 44.2 months post-operatively (range 12-104 months). The indication for surgery was painful loss of forearm rotation with or without ulno-carpal impingement and ulno-carpal instability. Symptoms in 16 patients were the result of malunion following severe distal radial fractures (two Frykman 7 fractures and 14 Frykman 8 fractures), and in the remainder were due to unreduced dislocations in the distal radio-ulnar joint (two patients) or unsatisfactory Darrach procedures (two patients). 70% of patients achieved excellent or good clinical results despite the fact that radiographs showed bone resorption in all cases, tilting of the prosthesis in 40% and implant fractures in 15%.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Rupture of extensor tendons due to osteoarthritis of the distal radio-ulnar joint.

Extensor tendons ruptured in 12 patients as a result of osteoarthritis of the distal radio-ulnar joint. Rupture occurred without warning in ten cases and was sequential in five. Perforation of the dorsal capsule of the distal radio-ulnar joint, allowing contact between the roughened ulnar head and extensor tendons, was present in every case. The capsular performation was demonstrated by arthrography, which may be used to identify patients who are at risk of extensor tendon rupture. Loss of independent extension of the little finger is a valuable clinical sign because rupture of extensor digiti minimi may be masked by a powerful contribution from the extensor tendon of the ring finger.

Female↗
PubMed1993

Over-distraction of the radio-carpal and mid-carpal joints following external fixation of comminuted distal radial fractures.

Seven patients with Frykman type 7 and 8 distal radial fractures, who had been treated with external fixation, were noted to have significant over-distraction of 5-8 mm in the radio-carpal and mid-carpal joints. One patient, who also had abnormal negative ulnar variance of 2 mm, had a fair result using modified Gartland and Werly (1951) criteria. The remaining six patients had good results, indicating that over-distraction does not significantly alter the final outcome, so long as a normal distal radio-ulnar relationship is maintained.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Radio-lunate arthrodesis.

Radio-lunate arthrodesis has been carried out in 15 rheumatoid patients whose radiographs showed localised arthritis around the radio-lunate joint. Six patients had insertion of a Stanley-Shelley plate. The results were assessed from 1 to 3 1/2 years after operation and were excellent in nine wrists, good in three, fair in one and poor in three wrists. Continued carpal degeneration in 12 wrists suggests that long-term follow-up is required before this procedure can be generally recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Long-term survival and recurrence-free interval in combined surgical, radio- and chemotherapy of malignant brain gliomas.

A prospective randomized study has been conducted since 1978 to judge the value of combined radio- and chemotherapy (CCNU) in the postoperative treatment of grade III and IV supratentorial gliomas. Inoperable or recurrent tumors were excluded from these series, but evaluated in addition. Increase in median survival time (18 months) for the entire series (62.2% glioblastomas) was only small compared to other series mentioned in literature, but there was a significant prolongation of the recurrence-free interval (16.5 months) and in the total survival time from the onset of symptoms in 46.4% of cases living more than 18 months. If 'useful recovery' is the major goal of present treatment of cancer, the recurrence-free interval and the fraction of long-term survivors may be more important statistical parameters than median survival time. To improve the 'quality of life' in a number of patients (so-called long-term survivors) and the length of recurrence-free intervals should be the therapeutic goal, even if overall survival time remains essentially unaffected. We conclude that combined therapy, including radio- and chemotherapy, following surgical resection is of value in most cases of malignant glioma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Cholera toxin: radio-iodination and uptake by the intestine of sucking rats.

1. The chloramine-T procedure was employed to radio-iodinate cholera toxin using Na125I. The procedure was found to be efficient and reproducible. 2. Intragastric injections of both the labelled and the unlabelled toxin produced (a) significant increases in intestinal fluid accumulation as measured by the fluid accumulation ratio; (b) significant increases in cAMP levels; and (c) significant decreases in cAMP-phosphodiesterase activities when compared with the controls suggesting that radio-iodination did not impair the biological activity of the toxin. 3. In vivo uptake studies of the labelled toxin by different parts of the intestine indicated that the uptake by the duodenum and jejunum was high and rapid when compared with the ileum implying that there are more binding sites (or receptor proteins) for cholera toxin in the duodenum and jejunum than in the ileum.

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1992

Simultaneous study of the biodistribution of radio-yttrium complexed with EDTMP and citrate ligands in tumour-bearing rats.

The influence of the ligands ethylenediaminetetramethylene phosphonic acid (EDTMP) and citrate (CIT) on the biodistribution of radio-yttrium in rats bearing a DS-carcinosarcoma was compared. 88Y-EDTMP and 87Y-CIT were i.v. injected into the same animals. Faster blood clearance and higher renal excretion were observed for the EDTMP-ligand. Of high practical interest is the reduced liver uptake of radio-yttrium (by one order of magnitude) with the EDTMP complex. Since bone and tumour accumulation is only weakly influenced, high tumour-to-liver ratios (up to 14) were observed. We propose to use EDTMP or similar complex ligands for liver blocking when radionuclides like 90Y, 169Yb, 225Ac or other group 3 elements are to be applied in endoradionuclide therapy technique.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Radio-immunotargeting in colorectal carcinoma.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most frequently studied diseases for investigating cancer detection using radiolabelled monoclonal antibodies. From many clinical studies it has become clear that with radio-immunotargeting (RIT) it is possible to visualise approximately 70% of known sites of colorectal cancer and to find otherwise occult tumour deposits in approximately 10% of patients. The intra-operative use of a gamma detection probe increases the detection rate of clinical occult intra-abdominal tumour sites to 30-40%. However, this clinical experience has also disclosed the many difficulties and pitfalls connected with this technique, with respect to antibody-, tumour-, patient- and isotope-related factors. Upstaging or early disclosure of disseminated disease by RIT has not proven to be beneficial in terms of improved survival, but might be of use in the management of an individual patient. The laborious and costly RIT technique, difficult scan interpretation and the lack of proven survival benefit precludes its routine use in clinical practice. However, the promising results warrant further study to improve the technique, and to validate the clinical usefulness of radio-immunotargeting.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed2006

Activation of mitochondrial promoter P(H)-binding protein in a radio-resistant Chinese hamster cell strain associated with Bcl-2.

The cellular response to ionizing radiation is mediated by a complex interaction of number of proteins involving different pathways. Previously, we have shown that up regulation of mitochondrial genes ND1, ND4, and COX1 transcribed from the heavy strand promoter (P(H)) has been increased in a radio-resistant cell strain designated as M5 in comparison with the parental Chinese hamster V79 cells. These genes are also up regulated in Chinese hamster V79 cells VB13 that express exogenous human Bcl2. In the present study, the expression of the gene ND6 that is expressed from the light strand promoter (P(L)) was found to be similar in both the cell lines, as determined by RT-PCR. To test the possibility that this differential expression of mitochondrial genes under these two promoters was mediated by differences in proteins' affinity to interact with these promoters, we have carried out electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) using mitochondrial cell extracts from these two cell lines. Our result of these experiments revealed that two different proteins formed complex with the synthetic promoters and higher amount of protein from M5 cell extracts interacted with the P(H) promoter in comparison to that observed with cell extracts from Chinese hamster V79 cells. The promoter-specific differential binding of proteins was also observed in VB13. These results showed that differential mitochondrial gene expression observed earlier in the radio-resistant M5 cells was due to enhanced interaction proteins with the promoters P(H) and mediated by the expression of Bcl2.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Minimally invasive radio-guided parathyroidectomy.

We reported here the data on minimally invasive radio-guided parathyroidectomy (MIRP) in a large group of 253 patients enrolled from the whole series of 355 consecutive patients affected by primary hyperparathyroidism (P-HPT) referred to our center. On the basis of preoperative imaging including Sestamibi scintigraphy and neck ultrasound (US), 263 patients (74% of the whole series) with evidence of a solitary parathyroid adenoma (PA) and a normal thyroid gland were addressed to MIRP and in 253 (96%) of them this minimally invasive neck exploration was successfully performed. The MIRP protocol developed in our center consisted of a very low 1 mCi Sestamibi injection in the operating room a few minutes before the start of intervention, thus minimizing the radiation exposure dose to the patient and personnel. No major intraoperative complication was recorded in patients treated by MIRP and only a transient hypocalcemia in 8.5% of cases. The mean duration time for MIRP was 35 min and the mean hospital stay 1.2 days. Local anesthesia was also performed in 62 patients, 54 of whom were elderly patients with concomitant invalidating diseases contraindicating general anesthesia. No HPT relapse was observed during subsequent follow-up. The gamma probe was used also during bilateral neck exploration in the group of 92 patients excluded from MIRP. The most frequent cause of exclusion from MIRP in our series was the presence of concomitant Sestamibi avid thyroid nodules (68.5% of cases) that can give false positive results at radio-guided surgery. In conclusion, MIRP is an effective treatment in patients with a high likelihood of a solitary PA and a normal thyroid gland at scintigraphy and US so that an accurate preoperative localizing imaging is required for MIRP. A low 1 mCi Sestamibi dose appears sufficient to perform MIRP. Patients with concomitant Sestamibi avid thyroid nodules should be excluded from MIRP.

Adenoma↗
PubMed2006

Radio-responsive gene therapy for malignant glioma cells without the radiosensitive promoter: Caspase-3 gene therapy combined with radiation.

Caspase-3 plays a critical role as an executioner of apoptosis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential of the combination of caspase-3 gene therapy and radiation treatment. We prepared a plasmid (pCI-CSP3) that contained the human caspase-3 gene and the cytomegalovirus promoter. We introduced this plasmid into U251 and U87 human glioma cells and subjected the cells to radiation treatment. The degree of cell death and apoptosis were evaluated. None of the cell lines underwent apoptosis by the overexpression of caspase-3 alone, but the degree of cell death and apoptosis were markedly enhanced by the addition of radiation treatment. Next, we prepared another plasmid (EGR-CSP3) that contained the caspase-3 gene and a radiation-sensitive promoter. Each treatment system using either pCI-CSP3 or EGR-CSP3 showed radio response. The treatment system using pCI-CSP3 more effectively induced apoptosis than that using EGR-CSP3. Caspase-3 gene therapy in combination with radiation treatment has the potential to serve as a radio-responsive gene therapy without any radiation-sensitive promoter.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed2004

Radio-induced malignancies of the scalp about 98 patients with 150 lesions and literature review.

INTRODUCTION: - The induction of malignant diseases is one of the most concerning late effects of ionizing radiation. The topic of this study deals with skin tumors developed in the irradiated areas in children given X-ray therapy for tinea capitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: - All patients with malignant tumors of the scalp referred to Salah Azaiz Institute between 1970 and 2001 have been questioned in order to determine if there had been a prior X-ray irradiation for tinea capitis, its modality, and its consequences. The first scalp irradiation goes back to 1922 and the last was performed in 1963. RESULTS: - Ninety-eight patients with 150 radio-induced cancers of the scalp following irradiation for tinea capitis are reported (1.5 lesion per patient). The patients were irradiated in various hospitals and dispensaries throughout the country. Eighty-one patients (82%) had only one session of radiation. The average age at irradiation was 12 (+/-6) years, the latent period for radiation-induced skin cancers was 36 (+/-14) years. In 61 patients (62%), the scalp appeared normal and in 38% radiodermatitis was noted. Patient age at diagnosis of malignancy varied from 20 to 83 years with an average of 47 years. Basal cell carcinomas (125 cases) and spinocellular carcinomas (16 cases) were the most common, three other cases of annexial tumors, two malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and four melanoma lesions are also present. Radiotherapy was used for the treatment of 74 patients (alone in 42 and associated with surgery in 32 patients); 14 patients had exclusive surgical excision. CONCLUSIONS: - Basal cell carcinomas are the most frequent tumors arising on chronic radiodermatitis. In spite of the long latency period, patients' young age at irradiation explained the occurrence of these cancers at a relatively young age. Literature review is suggesting recessive mutation of tumor-suppressor genes as the characteristic abnormality in radio-induced cancer.

Adult↗