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At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Pupillary paresis. A rare complication of Varicella zoster eye infection].

Pupillary paralysis and paresis of the peripheral facial nerve on the left side was found in a 68-year-old man with concussion and herpes zoster ophthalmicus on the left eye. Post mortem examination showed no sign of intracranial hemorrhage. The cause of death was pulmonary oedema and aspiration. The neurological signs were probably caused by herpes zoster affection of the oculomotor and optic nerves in association with the facial nerve paresis induced by zoster.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Purtscher-like retinopathy after retrobulbar injection.

Purtscher-like retinopathy occurred in a 46-year-old Chinese male who received 5 mL of 2% lignocaine, retrobulbar injection, and underwent pterygium excision with conjunctiva graft. The visual acuity improved spontaneously from 20/120 on the first postoperative day to 20/20 within 8 weeks. The disc swelling, veinous tortuosity, retinal whitening, and hemorrhage resolved with time. However, relative afferent papillary defect and an arcuate visual field deficit persisted. The mechanisms of this Purtscher-like retinopathy are postulated.

Anesthesia, Local↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Idiopathic autonomic neuropathy (pandysautonomia)].

On the basis of current literature, clinical and neuropathologic features of idiopathic autonomic neuropathy is presented. Idiopathic autonomic neuropathy is a disease characterized by acute or subacute onset, monophasic course over a period of several years, it is often preceded by an infection. The spectrum of autonomic changes ranges from cholinergic or adrenergic dysfunction to pandysautonomia, leading to heterogeneity of its clinical features. Possible sympathetic system abnormalities found in autonomic neuropathy are: poor pupillary response to light in darkness, orthostatic hypotension leading to syncope, hypotension without compensatory tachycardia, ejaculation disturbances and vasomotor instability. Possible parasympathetic dysfunctions are: salivation and lacrimation disturbances, absent pupillary constriction to light and near gaze, gastrointestinal tract immobility and impairment of gastrointestinal function, atonic bladder with large residual volume, erectile impotence. Pandysautonomia is thought to result from an immune mediated mechanism and responds well to plasmaferesis and intravenous immunoglobin therapy leading to gradual, sometimes not full, recovery. Moreover in this article we pay attention to the clinical value of many tests like cardiovascular or pharmacological studies in the diagnosis of pandysautonomia and in differentiation of pre- and postganglionic changes. In order to diagnose idiopathic autonomic neuropathy one has to rule out a large number of diseases with autonomic dysfunction e.g.: diabetes, malignant neoplasms, acute intermittent porphyria, Shy-Drager syndrome, Riley-Day's dysautonomia, Parkinson's disease, amyloidosis and others.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Fibrous congenital iris membranes with pupillary distortion.

BACKGROUND: In 1986 Cibis and associates described 2 children with a new type of congenital pupillary-iris-lens membrane with goniodysgenesis that was unilateral, sporadic, and progressive. These membranes were different from the common congenital pupillary strands that extend from 1 portion of the iris collarette to another or from the iris collarette to a focal opacity on the anterior lens surface. They also differed from the stationary congenital hypertrophic pupillary membranes that partially occlude the pupil, originating from multiple sites on the iris collarette, but not attaching directly to the lens. CASE MATERIAL: The present report is an account of 7 additional infants with congenital iris membranes, similar to those reported by Cibis and associates, which caused pupillary distortion and were variably associated with adhesions to the lens, goniodysgenesis, and progressive occlusion or seclusion of the pupil. Six of the 7 patients required surgery to open their pupils for visual purposes or to abort angle closure glaucoma. A remarkable finding was that the lenses in the area of the newly created pupils were clear, allowing an unobstructed view of normal fundi. CONCLUSION: This type of fibrous congenital iris membrane is important to recognize because of its impact on vision and its tendency to progress toward pupillary occlusion. Timely surgical intervention can abort this progressive course and allow vision to be preserved.

Anterior Eye Segment↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Severe pupil distortion following transchamber repair of a cyclodialysis cleft.

This report describes a potential complication following the repair of a traumatic cyclodialysis cleft in a pediatric patient using a novel technique. A healthy 11-year-old boy suffered a blunt traumatic tennis ball injury to his left eye. He underwent repair of a retinal dialysis with detachment shortly after the injury. Postoperatively, he developed persistent hypotony, shallow anterior chamber, and hypotony maculopathy. An occult cyclodialysis cleft was suspected. Examination under anesthesia revealed a small cyclodialysis deft. The cleft was closed by transchamber placement of prolene sutures across the cleft under direct visualization through a Tano lens. Postoperative course was complicated by severe pupillary distortion despite subsequent suture removal.

Child↗
PubMed2001

[Removal of congenital persistent pupilary membrane with sutureless clear corneal small incision].

PURPOSE: To investigate a new way in the treatment of serious congenital persistent pupilary membrane. METHODS: In four cases of six eyes, after temporal clear corneal tunnel incision was made, viscoelastic material was injected into the anterior chamber, and the persistent pupilary membrane was cut down at the very point connected to the iris. RESULTS: There is no ocular hypertention and hyphema after operation. After one year's follow-up, the lens remained transparent in 3 cases(4 eyes). There was corneal astigmatism of 0.12 to 0.25 D after operation. And only a few corneal endothelial cells were lost. CONCLUSION: There are few postoperative complications and corneal astigmatism to incise congenital persistent pupilary membrane by temporal clear corneal tunnel incision. It is an ideal way to treat serious persistent pupilary membrane.

Anterior Chamber↗
PubMed2001

[Application of corepraxia in the implantation of intraocular lens].

PURPOSE: In the cases of aphakia or cataract which complicated with iridosteresis, corectasis and pupil displacement, corepraxia was performed when implanting intraocular lens (IOL) in order to recover the normal shape and position of pupil, improve postoperative visual acuity and prevent monodiplopia and glare. METHODS: In the cases which have iridosteresis at the direction of 9-3 oclock or updrawn pupil, iris suture was performed at the incision directly(open method); while those at the direction of 3-9 o'clock, operation was performed outside the anterior chamber (close method). RESULTS: In 22 cases, the percentage which having visual acuity better than 0.5 is 65%, having nearly round shape pupil 67%, having pupil diameter less than 3 mm 73%, having normal pupil position 67%. CONCLUSION: All kinds of deformed pupil can be recovered to their normal shape, size and position by performing corepraxia while IOL was implanted. The prolene has light reaction and better effect in iris suture.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Long term outcome in patients with severe head injury and bilateral fixed dilated pupils.

Patients with severe head injury with bilateral dilated unreactive pupils are considered to have a grave prognosis. Hence proper planning and aggressive management becomes mandatory for achieving good results. We present the outcome of consecutive 166 patients with severe head injury, admitted between January 1996 and December 2000 and analysed retrospectively. All the patients had an initial GCS of 8 or less and post resuscitation bilateral dilated unreactive pupils. Our aim was to analyze the long term outcome in these patients and identify the other significant prognostic factors. Of the 166 patients, 42 (25.30%) had a functional outcome (good recovery in 10.24%, moderate disability in 15.06%), and 124 (74.69%) had a poor outcome (death in 58.43% and severe disability in 16.26% of cases). There were 45 patients with polytrauma and 24 of these patients (53.33%) succumbed to the injuries. Obliteration of the basal cisterns and contusion were the common CT scan findings. Factors adversely affecting the survival included age of the patient, polytrauma with shock, initial GCS of 3 or 4, and compression of the basal cisterns on the initial CT scans. At follow up, most of the patients with a functional outcome showed a significant improvement in their motor function but continued to have neuro-behavioral and cognitive deficits.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[On the etiology of aortal insufficiency].

The authors describe the results of valvulometry, traditional histological and cytological investigations of dissected valves of 1084 patients and an analysis of causes of aortal insufficiency as compared to the literature data for the last 80 years. The main causes of heart valve diseases are considered to be mesenchymal dysplasia and infective endocarditis.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Complications at the beginning of refractive surgery].

We revised the charts of first interventions of refractive surgery with LASIK and PRK in order to evaluate the results and to analyze the incidents and complications we encountered as beginners in photorefractive surgery. In total 50 eyes of 29 patients (7 men and 22 women) were operated. 42 eyes were myopic (21 with astigmatism) and 8 eyes were hyperopic (6 with astigmatism). LASIK was performed in 45 cases and PRK in 5 cases all myopias. The intervention was performed with AESCULAP MEDITEC MEL 70G-Scan laser. The follow-up period was between 3 and 12 months. Per total the results were as follows: Average pre-operative non-corrected visual acuity was 0.23 Average pre-operative corrected visual acuity was 0.8 Average post-operative non-corrected visual acuity was 0.74 Average post-operative corrected visual acuity was 0.77 We noted some minor intra-operative incidents: insufficient anesthesia (6%) and some important intra-operative incidents: free cap (6%), flap desepithelization (4%). Minor post-operative complications were: mild corneal edema, corneal desepitelisation (14%), and some severe post-operative complications: corneal ulcer (4%), comeal mycosis (2%), pupilary paresis (2%). Under-correction was present per total in 52% of cases, but mainly in myopias over 10 dpt (30%), as well as induced astigmatism (10%). Major complicated cases were only 5 (10%) and were consecutive to some mechanical problems (vacuum failure, system decentration). An interesting observation is related to IOP evolution. In average a decrease of IOP was noted from pre-operative medium of 14.43 mmHg to a post-operative medium value of 10.73 mmHg.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Frequency of detection and distribution of narrow pupil in patients with cataracts].

The authors have analyzed 445 patients (464 eyes) living in the Leningrad Region who underwent the removal of age and complicated cataracts (except posttraumatic and diabetic). The pupils width was evaluated against the background of mydriasis with instillations of 1% tropicamid solution. The patients were investigated for the presence of pseudoexfoliative syndrome (PES) and glaucoma. Narrow pupil, PES and glaucoma were observed more often in men than in women (P < 0.05). In patients with isolated PES the narrow pupil was revealed in 32.6%, with isolated glaucoma--in 41.4%, with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma--in 90.9% of the cases. In eyes without PES and glaucoma the narrow pupil was noted in 1.2%. The frequency of detection of narrow pupils increases with age (in patients older than 50 years) and depends on the degree of cataract maturity.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2003

Genetic, ophthalmic, morphometric and histopathological analysis of the Retinopathy Globe Enlarged (rge) chicken.

PURPOSE: To identify the locus responsible for rge (retinopathy globe enlarged) in chickens and further characterise the rge phenotype. METHODS: A colony of chickens carrying the rge mutation was rederived from a single heterozygous animal of the original line. The eyes of blind, heterozygous and normal birds were subjected to ophthalmic, morphometric and histopathological examination to confirm and extend published observations. DNA samples were obtained and subjected to a whole genome linkage search. RESULTS: From 138 classified backcross progeny, 56 birds were blind and 82 sighted. Heterozygous birds were indistinguishable from wild type, but homozygotes had sluggish or unresponsive pupils, posterior sub-capsular lens opacities and an atrophic pecten. The fundus appeared normal with no significant pigmentary disturbance, but axial length and eye weight were increased. Pathology revealed focal retinal lesions. Linkage analysis placed the rge locus in a small region of chicken chromosome 1. CONCLUSIONS: rge is a severe recessive retinal dystrophy in chickens, with associated globe enlargement. Linkage mapping has highlighted chicken chromosome 1 in a region most probably homologous to human chromosomes 7q31-35, 21q21 or 22q12-21. Candidate disease loci include RP10 (IMPDH1) and uncharacterised Ushers (USH1E) and glaucoma (GLC1F) loci.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Detection of juvenile sleep deprivation by stochastic optimization of pupillographic records.

OBJECTIVE: To address the challenging problem of measuring juvenile sleep deprivation, we test the hypothesis that a pupillographic method found successful for adult narcoleptics might also discriminate between sleep deprived juveniles acting as their own controls. METHODS: A linear, nonstationary model relating pupillary diameter and a random photic stimulus are estimated by recursive regressions from pupillographic records of 8 juveniles of median age 7 years acting as their own rested controls. The estimated pupillary impulse response noise functions are stochastically optimized using the Kullback divergence measure to maximally separate the sleep deprived records from the control records. RESULTS: Both the average and covariance statistics of the estimated pupillary noise functions exhibit statistically significant differences between sleep deprived and rested subjects. The main result is that sleep deprivation decreases pupillary noise variance; a finding consistent with a previous study of adult narcoleptics. Further, it was found that virtually the same stochastic parameters were optimal for the juvenile sleep deprived data and for the previous adult narcoleptic study. CONCLUSIONS: Although our results are preliminary, the consistent reduction of pupillary noise appears to justify a comprehensive clinical trial across a broad range of age classes. In addition, the finding that the same parameters stochastically optimize both juvenile and adult recordings suggests the procedure holds promise as a clinical test which could produce sleep deprivation measures simultaneous with data collection.

Algorithms↗