[Cipramil project--recruitment wrong from the start].
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Aged↗
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Results for “Project START”
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
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[Individual guidance model in smoking cessation].
Smoking is the cause of many diseases and one of the most serious risk factors in our country. Despite of this fact smoking habits of clients visiting during surgery hours are only occasionally taken into consideration and documented in the patient records. The Finnish Heart Association started a project in spring 1996 which aims at reducing smoking of patients with coronary artery disease. The aim is to create an individual guidance model for giving up smoking--the model will be a part of daily nursing practice. The model is based on a transition phase model which is now applied for the first time in the Finnish health care. The core of the model is that when a smoker visits during surgery hours his preparedness to give up smoking is defined and guidance is directed according to that level. Also smokers who do not wish to give up smoking are included in the guidance. The guidance model is currently tested at the hospitals, health centres and occupational health care in the area of the towns of Imatra and Lappeenranta. Personnel of test sites was trained in using the model before the intervention was implemented. The intervention ends in spring 1998 and the first results of applicability and effectiveness of the model are received.
Coronary Disease↗
[Gene engineering studies on sleep].
Recent advancements in molecular engineering techniques have enabled us to study sleep of animals lacking or overproducing any protein molecule we are interested in. Abnormalities in sleep have already been observe in knockout mice lacking the gene for prion protein, 55 kD-receptor of tumor necrosis factor, etc. We also started a project to examine the effect of the loss or the overproduction of prostaglandin D synthase in sleep. The enzyme is responsible for biosynthesis of prostaglandin D2, the most potent endogenous substance to promote sleep reported so far. We generated both knockout and transgenic mice of prostaglandin D synthase. We are currently analysing the sleep of these mutant mice.
Animals↗
[Vasectomy or male sterilization--still the most frequent solution to contraceptive problems].
In the Nordic countries, Finland leads the sterilization statistics, but the proportion of men is smaller than in the other countries. In 1995, a project was started where men are offered vasectomy as an option of contraception. Vasectomy is a short, typical outpatient, easy-to-do operation. Only topical anaesthesia and a short sick leave are needed. Vasectomy is an efficient and cheap contraceptive method. After the operation, the sexual functions remain unchanged. Since there is hidden need for increasing vasectomy, what we need is more publicity and information. Neither clients nor professionals have enough knowledge about this method.
Adult↗
Project to sequence human genome moves on to the starting blocks.
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Human Genome Project↗
Electrical stimulation of denervated muscles: first results of a clinical study.
To evaluate the effects of electrical stimulation on denervated muscles in spinal cord injured humans, the EU Project RISE was started in 2001. The aims of this project are: to design and build sufficient stimulators; to develop stimulation protocols by means of mathematical models, animal experiments, and practice in humans with denervated lower limbs; to develop examination methods and devices for evaluation of electrical stimulation training effects; and to acquire basic scientific knowledge on denervated and stimulated denervated muscle. In the clinical study 27 spinal cord injured individuals were included, furthermore 13 pilot patients participated. After a series of initial examinations they underwent an electrical stimulation program for their denervated lower limb muscles. Some of the patients have already follow up examinations. A marked increase of muscle mass and quality was observed, the trophic situation of the denervated lower limbs had improved obviously.
Adult↗
Results and conclusions of the Austrian radon mitigation project 'SARAH'.
The Austrian radon mitigation joint research project SARAH (supported by the Austrian Ministry of Economy and the Government of Upper Austria), a 2-year follow-up study of the Austrian National Radon Project (ONRAP), was started in 1996. The objectives of the research project were to find simple, cost-effective experimental methods for the characterisation of the radon situation in dwellings and to evaluate technically and economically the implementation of state of the art remedial actions for Austrian house types. After an intercomparison exercise of the assigned radon measuring instruments and detectors five houses were closely examined in regions with elevated radon levels in the federal state of Upper Austria. In this research work for the first time an extended Blower-Door method (which is conventionally used for determining the tightness of buildings) was successfully applied to radon diagnosis of buildings. In this paper the methods used for the radon diagnosis, the applied mitigation measures and the related technical and economical aspects are discussed. In conclusion of the results of this project a common strategy for solving the radon problem in Austria in the future is presented briefly.
Air Pollutants, Radioactive↗
[Exchanges of medical students from Rennes/Erlangen-Nuremberg: various considerations on these exchanges within the E.E.C. framework].
The current political trends of the European Economic Community (EEC) have made it more desirable than ever before for medical students to be able carry out part of their training in medical schools other than their Faculties of origin. The authors examine successively: 1) The results of 20 years of twinning-between the Medical Schools of Rennes (France) and Nürnberg-Erlangen (W. Germany). A considerable number of syllabuses and examinations are now recognized as equivalent. So far, nearly 500 students have taken advantage of the possibilities of exchanges lasting a few months or even a full University year. 2) The propositions submitted by the Medical Schools of Rennes and Strasbourg have been selected from the 800 presented by EEC Universities as port of the Erasmus programme. For the whole of the EEC, 12 medical projects have been started up since october 1989. Among the other projects accepted were those of Bonn and Hamburg, Ovideo and Valence, Naples and Barri, Dublin, Coïmbra, Brussels, Copenhagen, Leyden, etc. 3) In order to strengthen the North-South axis of the EEC and to widen further the horizons of European medical students (even beyond Europe), the Medical Facilities of Rennes and of Alcalà de Henares (University of Madrid) have just defined syllabus and examination equivalences as Rennes and Erlangen did some twenty years ago.
Education, Medical↗
Prevention of substance abuse with rural head start children and families: results of project STAR.
The effectiveness of a comprehensive intervention with preschool children aimed at reducing the risk of later substance abuse was examined. The intervention targeted risk factors during the preschool years linked to later substance use in adolescence and adulthood. Head Start classrooms were randomly assigned to either the intervention or the control group. A classroom-based curriculum was delivered by Head Start teachers who received a number of training workshops and continued consultation. Parent training and home visits were also provided to intervention families. Positive parenting as well as parent-school involvement increased over the 1st year of intervention. Intervention families maintained the positive effects on parenting into the kindergarten year over a matched control group; however, effects on school bonding were not maintained. Improvements in social competence, reported by teachers and parents, were found at the end of kindergarten. No changes were found for self-regulation.
Child↗
Why bad projects are so hard to kill.
Even at the prototype stage, experts were saying the technology was obsolete. Yet, in the face of tepid consumer response, the company stubbornly kept increasing production capacity and developing new models. By the time it was finally killed, the initiative had cost the company an astounding $580 million and had tied up resources for 14 years. The product was RCA's SelectaVision videodisc recorder, and its story is hardly unique. Companies make similar mistakes--if on a somewhat smaller scale--all the time. But why? No one comes to work saying, "I'm going to pursue a project that will waste my company millions of dollars." Quite the opposite. They come to work full of excitement about a project they believe in. And that, surprisingly, can be the root of all the trouble--a fervent belief in the inevitability of a project's ultimate success. Starting, naturally enough, with a project's champion, this faith can spread throughout the organization, leading everyone to believe collectively in the product's viability and to view any signs of impending doom merely as temporary setbacks. This phenomenon is documented here in two chillingly detailed case studied, one involving Essilor, the world's largest maker of corrective lenses for eyeglasses, and the other involving Lafarge, the largest producer of building materials. By counterexample, they point the way toward avoiding such morasses: assembling project teams not entirely composed of like-minded people and putting in place--and sticking to--well-defined review processes. Both cases also show that if it takes a project champion to get a project up and running, it may take a new kind of organizational player--an "exit champion"--to push an irrationally exuberant organization to admit when enough is enough.
Commerce↗
Assessment of Healthy Start Fetal and Infant Mortality Review recommendations.
OBJECTIVES: We examine the scope and nature of the recommendations that emerged from the Healthy Start Fetal and Infant Mortality Review (FIMR) projects and explore their use to promote systems change. METHODS: The FIMR process of 16 of the 22 federal Healthy Start projects was reviewed. We analyzed data from a June 1996 survey developed and administered by the MCH Bureau which gathered information about recommendations produced by the FIMRs. We supplemented these data with information gathered through follow-up telephone interviews and by abstracting information from grant documents. RESULTS: The 16 Healthy Start FIMRs reviewed approximately 1300 cases between 1991 and 1996. A total of 303 specific action strategies were recommended, reflecting eighteen specific substantive areas of concern. Overall, 65% of recommendations fell under the rubric of "program" functions, 31% under "practice," and 4% under "policy." Healthy Start itself was most commonly targeted for action. The second most frequent target for action were public and private provider institutions. Public policymaking entities were rarely targeted. CONCLUSIONS: In the first several years of implementation, with few exceptions these FIMRs sought limited change. They worked almost exclusively within their own span of control to effect important, but limited changes in systems serving women and their infants. As public health professionals seek to monitor population health, the field must strengthen any and all vehicles that draw upon collaborative structures at the community level to not only uncover problems, but to address them as well.
Fetal Death↗
Quality of consultation and the project 'Support and Consultation on Euthanasia in the Netherlands' (SCEN).
OBJECTIVE: Consultation of another physician is one of the requirements for prudent practice. The project 'Support and Consultation on Euthanasia in the Netherlands' (SCEN) is aimed at professionalizing consultation. The objective of this study is to assess whether the quality of consultation was improved through SCEN. METHOD: In four districts all general practitioners (GPs) received a pre-test questionnaire approximately six weeks before the start of the project in the period (n=1224, response 71%). In the period from April 2000 to December 2002, all GPs in districts in which SCEN had been implemented received a written post-test questionnaire one and a half years after the start of the project. This post-test questionnaire was returned by 60% of the GPs (n=3614). RESULTS: In SCEN consultations the attending physicians has no specific relation to the attending physician in 85% of consultations, while this is the case for 31% of other consultations. While before the start of SCEN in 71% of consultations six or seven of the seven criteria for good consultation were met, in SCEN consultations 83% of cases six or seven of these requirements were met. GPS who had consulted a SCEN physician generally were more positive about different aspects than those who consulted another consultant, such as considering the consultant to be able to make an independent judgement (totally agree 74% versus 59%). CONCLUSION: Although the quality of consultation appears to be high for both SCEN physicians and other consultants, the SCEN project further contributed to the quality of consultation. Since GPs attach importance to judgement of SCEN physician and have the intention to use it in future, and the quality of consultation stays high over time, this project is expected to maintain its value.
Euthanasia↗
Medication discussion groups in the Netherlands: five years of experience.
INTRODUCTION: Nation-wide implementation of medication discussion (MD) groups in the Netherlands was designed as a bottom-up approach and has been in progress for five years. This invites a review of what has been achieved in these structured discussions between general practitioners and pharmacists. CONTEXT: Early in 1997 the Dutch Foundation for Effective Use of Medication (DGV) initiated a fact-finding exercise among general practitioners and pharmacists representing MD groups all over the country. OBJECTIVE: Description of the setting up and the operation of medical discussion groups. Comparison of the quality of the consultations between the start of the project (1992) and 1997. METHODS: Two surveys of medical discussion groups in 1992 and 1997, respectively. RESULTS: The quality of the consultations was found to have improved in comparison with an evaluation shortly after the start of the project. CONCLUSION: The overwhelming majority of those interviewed were satisfied with the MD process, which they consider a useful effort. But there is also a wish for increased commitment to guidelines agreed in MD group consultations.
Drug Therapy↗
Beyond the clinic: in-home therapy with Head Start families.
Social workers and case managers have provided in-home services to families for some time. The field of Marriage and Family Therapy, however, has begun to do in-home work only recently. This paper describes the experiences of MFT interns who worked with families in their homes. Two university graduate MFT training programs conceptualized and practiced in-home therapy with families who had at least one child enrolled in the local Head Start program. This collaborative effort was part of the AAMFT-Head Start Training Partnership Project that had the goal of funding projects that demonstrated successful partnerships between MFT and Head Start. Six interns worked with 27 Head Start families in their homes. A model of the interns' transition from clinic-based to home-based therapy is discussed and applied to working with Head Start families. The framework of in-home therapy is expanded to conceptualizing larger systems and community-based interventions, and recommendations for family therapists in private practice and agency settings are made.
Adult↗
The transfer of harm-reduction strategies into prisons: needle exchange programmes in two German prisons.
In Autumn 1995, the Minister of Justice of Lower Saxony (a northern state of Germany) gave the green light for the implementation of a 2-year pilot project. This project provided for the distribution of sterile injection equipment and provision of communicative methods of prevention to drug addicted inmates in a women's prison with 170 inmates (Vechta) and a men's prison with 230 inmates (Lingen). The decision to go ahead with the project was based on positive experiences in Swiss prisons and the supporting recommendations of a panel of experts. The pilot project in Vechta started on 15 April 1996, using five dispensing machines which allow a needle exchange to guarantee an anonymous access. The project in the men's prison started on 15 July 1996. Here the staff of the drug counselling service and of the health care unit hand out sterile syringes to inmates. The social scientific evaluation was carried out by the Carl von Ossietzky University in Oldenburg. The study focused on the aim of the project which is to assess the feasibility, usefulness and efficacy of the measures undertaken. Of special interest was whether and how changes occured in the prison system itself (i.e. acceptance of the measures by staff, medical service and management), and in the drug user's behaviour and knowledge (i.e. development of needle sharing, change in drug use patterns). The study used a multi-methodological approach: documentation of the project practice, half standardized, longitudinal examination of inmates (n=224) and staff (n=153), qualitative examination of management, selected groups of prisoners, staff and external organisations (AIDS-Help-Groups; n=75) for at least two times. The evaluation intended to be dynamic, process accompanying, in order to communicate the empirical data and developments with the practice already during the pilot phase. Results of the final report of the study are presented here. Finally this paper discusses shortly what is known so far about the impact of needle exchange programmes in prisons in Germany and Switzerland.
Journal Article↗
Three-dimensional analysis of single particles by electron microscopy: sample preparation and data acquisition.
Electron microscopy of single particles has recently become a very popular field in both biological and material sciences. It might be difficult for a novice researcher new to this field to know how to start tackling a new project. This chapter is designed to serve as a guideline for anyone starting a new project to determine a three-dimensional structure using single-particle techniques. The chapter describes the basic techniques necessary to prepare the samples and acquire the data to calculate a three-dimensional reconstruction in easy-to-understand, step-by-step instructions. It starts with the basic preparation of support films and the usage of a variety of staining techniques needed to assess the quality of the sample and the viability of the project. It ends with a detailed description of vitreous ice preparations designed to acquire high-resolution structural information. Guidelines and tips are given on how to record the best images with an electron microscope. Although this chapter is geared to researchers new to the field, experts might find it not only useful as a reference but also valuable because of the number of practical tips included.
Coloring Agents↗
European Practice Database in Belgium.
After the successful pilot EPD Project in 2002-2003, we decided to perform the EPD project in four additional countries: Belgium, Greece, Norway and Scotland. Before starting the EPD Project in Belgium, we installed a Belgium National EPD Board in order to support the practical organisation of this project. National coordinators were Luc Picavet (Chair) and Sylviane Boullé (Wallonia). The members of the Belgium National EPD Board were Jean-Yves De Vos (President of National Association, ORPADT Flanders), Hichem Marzougui (Link member, Association of Dialysis Technicians) and Luc Vonckx (President of Association of Dialysis Technicians).
Acute Kidney Injury↗
[Essential to monitor vaccine safety].
Vaccinations are one of the most successful public health measures. However, vaccinations are not without risks. An improved infrastructure is needed to facilitate the conduct of large clinical trials and/or phase IV studies. Vaccination registers and large linked database studies are examples of such structural improvements. A vaccination register pilot project carried out by the Swedish Institute of Infectious Disease Control (SIIDC) showed that parents with few exceptions gave consent to enrolling their children in the pilot register and that bar code labelling of vaccines is a reliable and practical manner in which to record vaccinations. Two EU projects with the aim to improve the information infrastructure have recently started. In the project Development of Vaccination Registers existing and planned immunisation registers are reviewed and a plan of action will be proposed. The aim of the project EUSAFEVAC is to improve vaccine safety through systematic reviews of the literature, to develop standard case definitions, to develop a model immunisation register and to improve reporting systems. SIIDC in collaboration with the Swedish National Board for Health and Welfare and the Medical Products Agency is exploring the feasibility of establishing a Swedish immunisation register and linked database information system.
Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗