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Results for “Programmed Instructions as Topic”

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At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Self-help quit smoking interventions: effects of self-help materials, social support instructions, and telephone counseling.

Smokers requesting self-help materials for smoking cessation (N = 2,021) were randomized to receive (a) an experimental self-quitting guide emphasizing nicotine fading and other nonaversive behavioral strategies, (b) the same self-quitting guide with a support guide for the quitter's family and friends, (c) self-quitting and support guides along with four brief counselor calls, or (d) a control guide providing motivational and quit tips and referral to locally available guides and programs. Subjects were predominantly moderate to heavy smokers with a history of multiple previous quit attempts and treatments. Control subjects achieved quit rates similar to those of smokers using the experimental quitting guide, with fewer behavioral prequitting strategies and more outside treatments. Social support guides had no effect on perceived support for quitting or on 8- and 16-month quit rates. Telephone counseling increased adherence to the quitting protocol and quit rates.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1995

A randomized trial of self-help materials, personalized feedback, and telephone counseling with nonvolunteer smokers.

The incremental effects of (a) a self-help booklet alone, (b) self-help booklet with computer-generated personalized feedback, and (c) self-help booklet, personalized feedback, and outreach telephone counseling were evaluated in a population-based, nonvolunteer sample of smokers. Smokers (N = 1,137) were identified through a telephone survey of a random sample of 5,903 enrollees in a health maintenance organization and randomized to a no-treatment control group or 1 of the 3 intervention conditions. Smoking status was ascertained 3, 12, and 21 months postrandomization. Cotinine validation of self-reported cessation was obtained at the 12-month follow-up. Overall, the telephone counseling significantly increased smoking cessation at the 3-month follow-up, but not at 12 or 21 months. Among smokers who were precontemplative at baseline, telephone counseling significantly increased prevalent abstinence at 3 and 12 months and continuous abstinence at 21 months (defined as self-reported abstinence at 3, 12, and 21 months).

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Supplemental group discussions in memory training for older adults.

Memory training was compared in adults aged 60-80. Groups 1 and 2 studied a self-instructional memory training manual; Group 2 also attended supplementary group discussions of typical problems of later life, related coping methods, and the techniques in the self-instructional manuals. Group 3 was a wait-list control group. Memory performance on 2 word lists significantly improved in the supplemental discussion group but not in the group that only studied the self-instructional manual. Enhanced performances were maintained at a 1-month follow-up. Bibliotherapy alone may be inferior to treatment involving a group component, although the mechanisms of such enhancement remain unexplored with respect to memory training. Neither treated group improved their digit span or recall of names and a brief prose passage; teaching older adults the strategies of chunking and use of imagery may not be beneficial.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Shaking hands with a computer: an examination of two methods of organizational newcomer orientation.

The current study investigated the effects of using a computer-based orientation program on organizational socialization and attitudinal outcomes. In a quasi-experimental field study, 261 newcomers either participated in a group, social-based orientation session or an individual, computer-based orientation session. Consistent with hypotheses, results indicated that participation in the computer-based orientation session led to lower levels of socialization in the more socially rich content areas, whereas the more information-based content areas were not affected. Levels of socialization mediated the effects of computer-based orientation on the more distal attitudinal outcomes of affective organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Computer-based orientation participation also negatively affected supervisor ratings of socialization. The results demonstrate the importance of newcomer orientations and socialization outcomes during organizational entry and that training method can be an important moderator of orientation practices.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Self-administered behavioral family intervention for parents of toddlers: Part I. Efficacy.

This study examined the efficacy of a self-administered behavioral family intervention for 126 parents of toddlers. The effects of 2 different levels of intensity of the self-administered intervention were contrasted (self-administered alone or self-administered plus brief therapist telephone assistance). The results provide support for the efficacy of the self-administered form of behavioral family intervention. There were significant short-term reductions in reported child behavior problems and improvements in maternal parenting style, parenting confidence, and anger. Families who received minimal therapist assistance made more clinically significant gains compared with families who completed the program with no therapist assistance. The intervention effects were maintained at 6-month follow-up. The implications of the findings for the population-level delivery of behavioral family interventions are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The marriage moments program for couples transitioning to parenthood: divergent conclusions from formative and outcome evaluation data.

This article presents the results of a pilot study of the Marriage Moments program, designed to prevent relationship deterioration during the 1st year of parenthood. The self-guided, low-intensity program emphasizes strengthening marital virtues and partnership during this time of significant personal and family transition. One hundred fifty-five married couples participated in a randomized clinical trial with 2 psychoeducational treatment groups (a self-guided group and an instructor-encouraged group) and a comparable control group. Despite positive formative evaluation results from program participants, hierarchical linear modeling analyses failed to find significant Group x Time differences on spouses' reports of marital virtues and a set of relational outcome measures. This failure reinforces the need for psychoeducators to invest in outcome evaluation research before claiming program success.

Adult↗