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At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Total body water measurement by tritiated water in growing animals.

Data on 177 beagles were used to examine the hypothesis that the volume distribution of tritiated water (HTO) is significantly larger in some species of young growing animals than the volume of total body water (TBW) measured by desiccation in more mature animals. The beagles were divided into three groups. Group 1 consisted of 169 animals which ranged in age from 0 to 365 days and in weight from 0.25 to 13.5 kg. Group 2 consisted of 42 animals randomly selected from Group 1 over the entire age and weight range. Group 3 consisted of eight beagles which ranged in age from 2 to 5 years and in weight from 10.1 to 16.3 kg. Total body water was measured in Group 1 by HTO, in Group 2 by HTO and desiccation, and in Group 3 by HTO. The mean percentage difference between the measurements of TBW in Groups 1 and 2 increased between body weights of 0.2 to 3.4 kg (2 months old): in Group 1 from 14 to 28% and in Group 2 from 18 to 32%. From body weights of 4 to 13 kg, there was a progressive decrease in the mean difference between the two measures of TBW: in Group 1 from 28 to 4% and in Group 2 from 32 to 5%. Group 3 animals were a separate population statistically from other groups of beagles. At body weights of 12 and 13 kg, which overlapped with those of Group 2 dogs, there was no significant difference between the two measures of TBW. The present data support the proposed hypothesis.

Aging↗
PubMed1985

Starburst amacrine cells: morphological constancy and systematic variation in the anisotropic field of rabbit retinal neurons.

Starburst amacrine cells of rabbit retina have been characterized previously in terms of their highly distinctive and regular dendritic geometry. They have been identified as probable cholinergic neurons of the retina and have been shown to direct output solely to ganglion cells. The objectives of this paper are to chart the variation of starburst amacrine cells across the retina, to register the morphological features which are held constant for individual cells, and to examine factors which may remain invariant for the population with change in retinal position. Starburst amacrine cells occur as two completely segregated mirror-symmetrical populations, type a and type b cells, separately serving OFF and ON pathways, respectively. They are treated here as two distinct subpopulations with very similar features. A characteristic morphological feature of both types, related to branching pattern and best seen in flat view, is the location of boutons in the distal annular zone. This is the effective zone of synaptic output, which is constant at 50 to 60% of dendritic field area, regardless of the cell's retinal location. Both type a and type b cells exhibit systematic increase in cell body size and dendritic field diameter, and systematic decrease in frequency of branching and of synaptic boutons with perpendicular distance from the visual streak. These rates of increase or decrease fall off considerably at distances greater than about 1.5 mm dorsal and ventral to the visual streak, but at this distance, the dendritic field diameters of cells in dorsal retina are about 65% larger than the diameters of cells in ventral retina. When type a and type b cells are closely compared, they are seen to differ in several respects. Branching patterns of type a and type b cells differ slightly, the latter being more highly branched, and the normalized branching frequency histograms, characteristic for each type, remain constant with changing retinal position. At the same retinal location type a cells always have larger dendritic field diameters than type b cells. This difference is significant in ventral retina, out to a distance of at least 4.5 mm from the streak. The maximum percentage difference in size occurs not at mid-visual streak, but about 1.5 mm ventral to the streak. The population statistics of dendritic field overlap and areal dendritic coverage have been calculated using published data on cell densities. It is concluded that overlap is extraordinarily high (k greater than 25), more than 10 times that calculated for retinal ganglion cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Problem of the systematics of schizophrenia in light of current clinico-catamnestic, epidemiologic and clinico-genealogic information].

On the basis of the results provided by clinical follow-up, clinico-epidemiological and clinico-genealogical studies, the authors have reviewed the systematics of the major forms of schizophrenia developed at the Institute of Psychiatry of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences and offer a statistical characteristics of these forms. The authors specifically discussed the questions associated with the characteristics of the syndrome formation and course of slowly progressive (torpid) schizophrenia and the place these forms occupy in the modern foreign classifications, including the DCM-III). The paroxysm-like form was established to run predominantly the course with a small rate of attacks or the "one-paroxysm" course. Slowly progressive and psychotic forms of continuous schizophrenia were shown to be relatively continuous, being characterized by not only the signs of tortuosity of the course but also by those of regression and subsidence of the process. Attention is drawn to the necessity of special elaboration of the notion "residual schizophrenia". All these postulates are illustrated by the appropriate statistical population characteristics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1969

Morbidity, mortality and medical care in the Keewatin area of the Central Arctic--1967.

The available medical facilities in the Keewatin area of Canada's Central Arctic have been described, along with the problems relating to provision of medical care. Causes of death and population statistics for 1967 have been detailed. The more frequent disease conditions have been discussed.Recommendations for improvements in medical care have been made; these include research into various conditions, an increased number of specialist visits and the inclusion of Churchill Hospital in a residency training program. Other recommendations relate to community planning, community sanitation and employment opportunities.

Arctic Regions↗
PubMed1977

Platelet-associated IgG in immune thrombocytopenic purpura.

A method for the measurement of immunoglobulin G associated with gel-filtered platelets is described and finding in 70 control subjects and 37 patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) are reported. Control platelet-associated IgG (PAIgG) levels (nanograms IgG per 10(9) platelets) averaged (+/-SD) 1231+/-424; samples studied after 24 and 48 hr remained within the control range. PAIgG values of 19 adult and 12 childhood patients with chronic ITP averaged 4711+/-3025 and 4923+/-3955, respectively, and differed significantly from controls (p less than 0.001). There was an inverse correlation between PAIgG values and the chronic ITP patient's platelet count. Six patients with childhood acute ITP had PAIgG levels ranging from 5588 to 56,250 and appeared to represent a different statistical population from those with chronic ITP. In chronic ITP patients responding to splenectomy, there was an immediate normalization of PAIgG levels; however, a certain percentage of patients studied several months after splenectomy evidenced elevated PAIgG levels in association with normal platelet counts. These data showed that the direct measurement of platelet associated antibody is a useful technique in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with chronic ITP. Preliminary studies in patients with acute ITP have suggested that this method may be useful in differentiating acute and chronic childhood ITP.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Dynamics of the distribution of variables in morphology].

This paper discusses examples of exponentially distributed, Poisson-distributed, and binomially distributed random variables from morphology and describes secular and historical processes as well as phenomena of aging as factors of the dynamics of such distributions, the major focus being on tests of morphometric variables for the existence of normal distributions. In those cases where hypotheses of the existence of particular distributions of random morphometric variables are established it is necessary that consideration be given to metrological and stereological factors pertaining to the process of measuring and the geometry of the structures being measured, respectively. Karyometric results are used to demonstrate the splitting of a single statistical population into several populations as a result of the process of aging of the human organism.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

[Plasma levels of HCS and beta SP1 in normal and pathological pregnancies].

A study was carried out on 599 pregnant women from whom 2,991 levels were estimated of HCS and beta SP1 to determine their variations. The control group was of 400 normal pregnancies (1,770 couples of levels of HCS and beta SP1. The pathological population was in two groups: - non-complicated pathological pregnancies, from whom 510 coupled levels were estimated in 77 women, and - complicated pregnancies, from whom 711 coupled levels were estimated in 122 patients. This pathological group was compared with the control population statistically. The results conform to those that have already been published. This work shows two original features: - very high levels of beta SP1 and HCS ;are an index of the severity of the prognosis of fetuses and hydramnios, - a drop in the level of beta SP1 towards the end of pregnancies is a warning that fetal distress may occur in labour.

Female↗
PubMed1982

The inheritance of sinking-pre-beta lipoprotein and its relation to the Lp(a) antigen.

We have investigated the genetics of plasma sinking-pre-beta lipoprotein (sp beta) as determined by the method of Breckenridge and Maguire, using several approaches: (i) a population study, (ii) a twin study and (iii) the use of family data. In addition, by the use of split samples, the sp beta level as determined by us was correlated with Lp(a) typing carried out in Oslo by Dr. Kåre Berg. Although the sp beta level is a continuous character, the results clearly showed it to be to a considerable extent under the control of the major autosomal gene pair constituted by the alleles Lpa and Lp, which mainly control the production of the Lp(a) antigen, Lpa being dominant. In our data the boundary between the LpLp and LpaLp genotypes appeared to fall between the sp beta 2 and 3 mg% levels, while that between LpaLp and LpaLpa was in the 15 mg% region. These boundaries, which were inferred from both typing and population statistics, received good confirmation from the family data. It appears that some 88% of the variation in sp beta level is directly ascribed to segregation of Lpa and Lp. On the basis of the twin study and other data, we conclude that the residual observed variation in sp beta is almost entirely ascribed to analytical error of determination and polygenic effects, the influence of environment being negligible. The heritability is close to 100%.

Antigens↗
PubMed1980

[Genetic approaches to the study of ischemic heart disease].

Data on the study of the genetics of ischemic heart disease by means of the classical methods (genealogical, population-statistical, and twin) are discussed. The results of a follow-up, conducted for many years, of the condition of close relatives of sick and healthy probands, who were found to be practically healthy during the first examination are discussed. Clinical biochemical examination of the relatives of sick probands is considered a necessary stage in the further clinical study of the genetic factors in ischemic heart disease. The most important problems in the study of the genetics of ischemic heart disease in the clinic are outlined.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Epidemio-hygieological aspects of gastric neoplasms in aged patients.

A 100-year-old male who died of gastric carcinoma was discussed and illustrated epidemiohygieologically. According to dynamic population statistics of the Health and Welfare Ministry of Japan, 418 persons over the age of 100 years died in 1979. Among them, 157 (38%) died of cardiovascular diseases and 49 (12%) died of pulmonary diseases, but only six died of neoplasms including two with gastric carcinomas (0.48%). To our knowledge no such case has been reported previously in the literature.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

Nerve conduction studies in patients with cervical spinal cord injuries.

Twenty-nine patients with cervical spinal cord lesions were tested extensively by upper extremity nerve conduction between 7 days and 15 years postinjury. Certain patients were retested serially to determine if slow progressive lesions occur in this population. Statistically significant abnormalities were found in the periphery, with a time-scale tentatively established as to when these lesions become detectable. Possible late anterior horn cell or motor root lesions were found in 17% of extremities tested.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

[First aid measures by lay persons in cardiovascular arrest].

The efficiency of first aid resuscitation is affirmed by many publications. In a questionnaire of the division of Cardiology of the Department of Internal Medicine, Graz and the Styrian Heart Patient Society distributed during the course of the Graz spring fair 1993 the population was approached as to first aid in cardiac arrest. 550 subjects responded to answer this circular for assessment dividing the population statistically in 4 different age groups showing differences among male and female and country and city dwellers. It has been shown that general first aid resuscitation has been known sufficiently, whereas special cardiorespiratory procedures (such as artificial respiration or cardiac massage) were unknown to most.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Comparison of a generic and a disease-specific measure of pain and physical function after knee replacement surgery.

Generic and disease-specific health status instruments are commonly used to assess patients' outcomes. The hypothesis that they measure distinct but complementary aspects of patients' quality of life was tested using a sample of patients aged 67 to 99 years who had undergone knee replacement surgery 2 to 7 years previously. Patients' scores on a generic health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) measure, the SF-36, were compared to those of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) Osteoarthritis Index; the WOMAC was developed specifically for patients with lower extremity arthritis, whereas the SF-36 is aimed at all conditions. A stratified sample of 1,750 Medicare beneficiaries was surveyed and an overall response rate of 80.3% achieved, resulting in 1,193 usable surveys (after adjustment for ineligible, incapacitated, and deceased individuals). The distribution of scores on the three dimensions common to both instruments (i.e., pain, physical function, and overall score) showed consistently higher scores on the WOMAC, on a scale of 0 (worst) to 100 (best), than on the SF-36, indicating less disability from arthritis than from other conditions after knee surgery in this elderly population. Statistically significant differences in the number of people with perfectly healthy scores were detected between the instruments; with regard to pain, 32.2% of the sample reported no pain due to arthritis on the WOMAC, compared with only 13.6% reporting no pain due to any conditions on the SF-36. The figures for physical function and overall score were 9.6% versus 1.4%, and 6.9% versus 0.2%, respectively. Examination for discriminant validity showed that the scores on the two scales followed hypothesized patterns: the WOMAC discriminated better among subjects with varying severity of knee problems, whereas the SF-36 discriminated better among subjects with varying levels of self-reported health status and comorbidity. The results of this study support the inclusion of both a generic and a disease-specific HRQOL measure to assess patient outcomes fully.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Typing of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from immunocompromised patients.

A total of 3121 coagulase-negative staphylococcal strains sourced from clinical samples were characterized during a 4-year period. Biotype, antibiotic resistance pattern, phage pattern and slime production was determined. Plasmid profile analysis was performed on related isolates. Thirty percent of strains originated from the Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, The National Institute of Haematology, Blood Transfusion and Immunology (NIHBTI), Budapest. Staphylococcus epidermidis occurred most frequently (48.8% in total, 58.2% source from NIHBTI). Total bacteriophage typability was 75.9%, and 603 phage patterns were observed. NIHBTI isolates differed in the incidence of multiply resistance, slime positivity and average frequency of phage patterns from the total suggesting spread of a selected hospital population. Statistical analysis of data obtained by typing showed no predominance of any endemic clone: the strains colonizing the immunocompromised patients and isolated from staff and inanimated environment differed from each other in biotype, phage pattern, antibiotic susceptibility, slime production and/or plasmid profile.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Frequency of adherent colibacillus in a population with acute pyelonephritis and a population with acute cystitis].

Urothelial adhesion of Escherichia coli is one of the principal factors of colonisation and infection of the upper urinary tract. We compared 3 measurements of bacterial adhesion: 1) Mannose-Resistant Haemagglutination (MRHA), é) Adhesion to urothelial cells, 3) Latex particle agglutination, to test 85 strains of Escherichia coli in 42 cases of acute pyelonephritis and 43 cases of acute cystitis. These tests were positive in 73.8% to 85.7% of the acute pyelonephritis population and in 4% to 2.3% of the acute cystitis population (statistically significant difference). This study confirms the major role of strains carrying type PAP adhesion in the pathogenesis of acute pyelonephritis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

Disease pattern and prescribing at the University of Zimbabwe students health service, 1987-1991.

The trends in drug use, expenditure and disease pattern at the University of Zimbabwe students' health facility over a period of five years (1987-1991), were analysed retrospectively. The study also analysed the use of the essential drugs concept and the drug situation in Zimbabwe. A total of 1,500 cases which were randomly selected were studied. The total student population over this period was 44,030. Data collection sheets where utilised to extract information from patients' cards. Requisition order books and budgets for drugs and medical appliances and student population statistical data were analysed. Males accounted for 75.7 pc of the cases and the average age at the time of the visit was 22.04 years. The percentage of cases involving married students was 2.53 pc of which 94.74 pc were males. The total expenditure of drugs and medical appliances for the study period was $412,413.55 and most of the items were supplied by the Government Medical Stores. The most prevalent disease conditions were respiratory tract infections (35 pc) and urinary tract infections (16.3 pc). The disease pattern differed from that at district, general and provincial hospitals. The total number of drugs dispensed for the 1,500 students was 2,600, giving an average of 1.7 drugs per case. Analgesics were the most widely used drugs (28.5 pc), followed by anti-infectives (28.2 pc). The most popular analgesic used was paracetamol which accounted for 66.6 pc of the analgesics. Antibiotics accounted for 88.1 pc of the anti-infectives and 24.9 pc of the total number of drugs dispensed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗