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Results for “Perceptual Disorders”

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At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Reading, writing and drawing disorder due to right brain damage.

The author studies the written language in a series of right-handed patients with a right side cerebral lesion. Reduplications and omission of strokes and of letters are noted on writing. The cause of these disorders is attributed by the author to an impairment of visual and kinesthetic control of the act of writing, and not to a truly aphasic alteration. This impairment is part of a more general deficit, namely a distorted interpretation of spatial data. The author proposes to call this writing disorder afferent dysgraphia.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Perceptual analysis of speech disorders in progressive supranuclear palsy.

We used oral motor examinations and quantitative perceptual speech analysis to study deviant speech dimensions in 44 patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). All patients had dysarthria with variable degrees of spasticity, hypokinesia, and ataxia; 28 patients had all three of these components, and 16 patients had only two components. Twenty-two patients (50%) had predominantly spastic components, 15 (34%) had predominantly hypokinetic components, six (14%) had predominantly ataxic components, and in one (2%) the spastic, hypokinetic, and ataxic components were equal. Stuttering occurred in nine patients (20%) and palilalia in five (11%). The finding of a mixed dysarthria with a combination of spastic, hypokinetic, and ataxic components might assist in diagnosis and is consistent with the widespread neuropathologic changes found in PSP.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

The speed of visual attention in schizophrenia: electrophysiological and behavioral evidence.

Schizophrenia is characterized by a substantial slowing of manual response times and by impairments in attention. However, prior research has not investigated whether attention itself is slowed in schizophrenia, and this was the goal of the present study. In Experiment 1, the N2pc component of the event-related potential waveform-an electrophysiological correlate of the focusing of attention-was recorded from 24 schizophrenia spectrum patients and 13 control subjects. Although behavioral response times were delayed by over 100 ms in the patient group, the onset latency of the N2pc component was virtually identical across groups, and no reduction in N2pc amplitude was observed in the patient group. In Experiment 2, a new cueing paradigm was developed to provide a behavioral measure of the speed of attention in 22 schizophrenia spectrum patients and 13 control subjects. We found that the average time required to allocate attention to a cued location was only 19 ms greater for the patient group than for the control group, with most patients within the range of the control subjects. Together, these experiments revealed little or no slowing of the allocation of visual-spatial attention in patients with schizophrenia. Thus, the mechanisms responsible for allocating attention to salient visual targets appear to be largely unaffected by the illness, and the well documented slowing of manual response times in schizophrenia cannot easily be explained by a slowing of attention.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Auditory agnosia.

Auditory agnosia can be defined as the defective recognition of non-verbal sounds and noises. The clinical picture of this disorder is described and the scarcity of knowledge of auditory agnosia derived purely from single cases is discussed. Next, experimental studies on unselected series of brain-damaged patients, especially designed to clarify the relation of auditory agnosia to aphasia and to the hemispheric locus of the lesion are reported. The results consistently point to the existence of two types of auditory agnosia, a semantic-associative one, specifically associated with lesions of the left hemisphere and aphasia, and a discriminative one, specifically associated with lesions of the right hemisphere. The hypothesis is advanced that the semantic-associative variety of auditory agnosia is part of a wider cognitive disorder.

Agnosia↗
PubMed1990

Central diplacusis.

Although diplacusis is usually indicative of cochlear pathology, to our knowledge causes in the central nervous system ("central diplacusis") have not been mentioned in the available literature. A case of central diplacusis involving a lesion in the posterior thalamus is now reported that resulted in diplacusis binauralis. A neuro-audiological explanation is offered to explain this phenomenon. Presumably, a lesion at the geniculate-collicular level, where pain and tactile impulses are interrelated with auditory, visual and olfactory ones, leads to the phenomenon perceived.

Auditory Perceptual Disorders↗
PubMed1983

The contribution of perceptual learning to performance on the repetition task.

The hypothesis that the Repetition Task partially reflects the listener's level of perceptual learning was tested in this study. Specifically, it was predicted from data on auditory temporal processing that performance on the Repetition Task would improve with experience. Ten kindergarten children with no known communication problems were given 10 sets of the Repetition Task over a span of 5 days. Analysis of the data revealed a significant difference in performance across interstimulus intervals (ISI) and also over the training period. Performance improved as a function of increments in ISI and number of days of training. The data reflected a significant training effect, thereby supporting the experimental hypothesis. These results suggest the possibility that differences between dysphasic and normal children on the Repetition Task may result from differences in perceptual learning.

Auditory Perceptual Disorders↗
PubMed1986

Normal and learning disabled children's central auditory processing skills: an experimental test battery.

The performance of normal children (N = 13) and learning disabled children (N = 26) on an experimental battery of central auditory processing (CAP) tasks was examined. The battery included low-pass filtered speech (LPFS), binaural fusion (BF), time-compressed speech (TC), and dichotic monosyllables (DM) tests. The learning disabled subjects were classified as having normal (LD/N) or significantly impaired (LD/LD) auditory perceptual skills on the basis of a pretest battery of auditory language tests. The normal (N/N) subjects and nonauditory learning disabled (LD/N) subjects tended to perform alike across measures. The auditorily impaired (LD/LD) subjects tended to perform significantly poorer than their normal agemates. The results emphasized the heterogeneity of the learning disabled population. In addition, the results suggested a potentially useful "at risk" criterion when a CAP test battery is used in the assessment of auditory perceptual impairment among children.

Auditory Perceptual Disorders↗