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At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Pulmonary vascular resistance in children with congenital heart disease.

Pulmonary and systemic blood flow and pulmonary vascular resistance were measured in 21 children with congenital heart disease. Blood flow was calculated by the direct Fick method, using measurements of metabolic gas exchange obtained by remote respiratory mass spectrometry. The observations showed that the administration of oxygen caused an appreciable fall in pulmonary vascular resistance in 16 of the 21 children studied and that this fall would not have been appreciated from a study of pulmonary arterial pressure alone as it was masked by a corresponding rise in blood flow. In 10 of 14 children, in whom superior vena caval blood was also sampled, the rise in flow was largely due to an increase in intracardiac left to right shunt. It was accompanied by widening of the alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient, perhaps due to imperfect gas equilibration within the lung.

Blood Circulation↗
PubMed2007

[Pulmonary diseases and heart function].

The most severe cardiac sequel to lung disease is the load on the right ventricle due to pulmonary hypertension with the development of a cor pulmonale. This is characterized by hypertrophy and/or dilatation of the right ventricle because of a primary impairment of lung function and/or lung structure. The most important pathomechanisms for the development of pulmonary hypertension are vessel obliteration, mechanical lesions, primary vascular or extra-vascular inflammation and hypoxic vasoconstriction. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most important reasons for chronic cor pulmonale. A further very common reason is obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, especially if combined with a COPD. In this case, the prevalence of cor pulmonale can reach 80%. The development of a chronic cor pulmonale is the most striking negative prognostic factor for these patients. Only 30% of COPD patients with cor pulmonale survive longer than 5 years, and only early detection of the disturbances to respiration which might potentially lead to cor pulmonale and their subsequent therapy are able to improve the patient's prognosis. Furthermore, pulmonary diseases may also have an impact on the left heart side in terms of an impairment of left heart function or by inducing severe arrhythmias . Thus, lung diseases may have both a significant impact on right and left heart performance.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMed1988

Correlations of lung morphology, pulmonary vascular resistance, and outcome in children with congenital heart disease.

Pulmonary vascular resistance was measured in air, oxygen, and after administration of vasodilators in 14 children with pulmonary hypertension and congenital heart disease. Lung morphology was examined by light microscopy and assessed quantitatively. In this selected group of patients (a) medial muscle thickness of greater than 20% in the intra-acinar arteries and Heath-Edwards changes of I or II were significantly associated with perioperative death from pulmonary complications after cardiac surgery; (b) children with lower percentage medial muscle thickness had a higher baseline resistance (r = -0.84) associated with Heath-Edwards grade III or higher changes (most of these patients were not offered corrective surgery); (c) when the lowest pulmonary vascular resistance was less than 3 units, Heath-Edwards grading was I or II (n = 4). When the pulmonary vascular resistance was greater than 6 units, however, there was no direct correlation with Heath-Edwards grading (n = 9). Four patients with a resistance of greater than 6 units had only grade I or II changes. Three had a medial muscle thickness above 20%, and were among those who died at or soon after operation. It is concluded that (a) patients with a lowest pulmonary vascular resistance of greater than 6 units have a bad prognosis whatever their lung morphology; and (b) some patients with Heath-Edwards grade I or II will have a high resistance (this group has a high medial muscle mass and a poor prognosis and would not be detected by Heath-Edwards grading alone).

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Effects in tetramethylpyrazine on TXA2 and PGI2 by cardio-pulmonary bypass in congenital heart diseases with pulmonary hypertension patients].

OBJECTIVE: To study protective effects of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on the imbalance of TXA2/PGI2 during cardiopulmomary bypass (CPB) in congenital heart disease (CHD) with pulmonary hypertension (PH) patients. METHODS: Thirty patients suffered from non-cyanotic CHD-PH were randomly divided into control group (n = 15) and treatment group (n = 15). 3 mg/kg of TMP was dripped intravenously after anesthesia and 1 mg/kg of TMP was infused into oxygenator after CPB individually. Blood samples were collected and TXA2 as well as PGI2 were measured after anesthesia induction, 15 min during CPB, 5 min after release of the aortic cross-clamp, and 20 min, 6 hrs and 24 hrs after CPB. RESULTS: There was significant difference between treatment group and control group except before operation and 24 hrs after CPB. CONCLUSIONS: The imbalance of TXA2 and PGI2 in patients with CHD-PH during CPB could correct by TMP.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1992

[Lungs and their function in heart disease].

Pulmonary manifestations of cardiac diseases are reviewed and the contribution of pulmonary function assessment in diagnosis, management and prognosis of these diseases is being emphasized. Inborn and acquired diseases of the heart exert pathological effects on pulmonary hemodynamics and later on also on lung structure, clinically manifested by pulmonary symptomatology and abnormalities in pulmonary function. The basic mechanisms of pulmonary function derangement include pulmonary congestion and hyperreactivity of the airways as a consequence of increased blood pressure or flow in the pulmovascular network (postcapillary or hyperkinetic pulmonary hypertension). The severity of the given cardiac disease determines also the condition of pulmonary function. Thus examinations of pulmonary function substantially contribute to the classification of the functional state and to optimal choices in therapeutic strategy. Appropriate surgical or medical therapeutic procedures can improve the hemodynamic conditions in the pulmonary vascular network. This, in turn, leads to partial regression of morphological changes in the pulmonary parenchyma and thus to gradual improvement of pulmonary function. (Tab. 4, Fig. 4, Ref. 62.)

Heart Diseases↗
PubMed1999

Genetic models with reduced penetrance related to the Y chromosome.

Classical statistical genetics models of a quantitative trait depending on an autosomal gene indicate that father-to-daughter and mother-to-son correlations should be the same. If phenotypes are not sex-dependent, father-to-son and mother-to-daughter correlations also share this common value. On the other hand, if the gene is sex-linked, then the father-to-son correlation is zero. Such models do not explain genetic variation in pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) of cattle--important because cattle with high PAP are known to develop brisket disease, pulmonary heart disease, and congestive heart failure when taken to high altitudes. Data on 966 calves at a ranch in Colorado showed positive correlation (0.2) between sire PAP and male calf PAP but slightly negative correlation (-0.01) between sire PAP and female calf PAP; the dam-to-male calf and dam-to-female calf correlations are both about 0.1. The model presented here postulates an autosomal gene with reduced penetrance (i.e., the trait may remain at a normal level even when the genotype suggests abnormality) and that, in males, the rate of penetrance is related to an abnormality in the Y chromosome and is therefore passed on from father to son. Then under plausible selective breeding assumptions, the pairwise correlation between fathers and daughters can become zero or negative. Explicit formulas are computed for the model covariances, and numerical computations indicate that plausible parameter values can be chosen for the model.

Altitude↗
PubMed2005

Pharmacological actions of sodium ferulate in cardiovascular system.

Sodium ferulate (SF) or 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-cinamate sodium is an active principle from Angelica sinensis, Cimicifuga heracleifolia, Lignsticum chuangxiong, and other plants. It has been used in traditional Chinese medicine and is approved by State Drugs Administration of China as a drug for treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. SF has antithrombotic, platelet aggregation inhibitory and antioxidant activities in animals and humans. For several decades SF has been widely used in China to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and to prevent thrombosis. Exciting clinical results have been obtained with SF in coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, pulmonary heart disease and thrombosis. Its safety and efficacy have been demonstrated in clinical practice. This article briefly reviews basic pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicology and clinical pharmacology of SF. The in vitro and in vivo data support the view that SF is a useful drug for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Characteristics of perioperative lumbar operation for the elderly].

OBJECTIVES: To study the characteristics of senile patients during perioperative lumbar operation and discuss matched surgical method. METHODS: From 1998 to 2000, lumbar operations were performed in 41 elderly patients (average age 68). 14 patients had lumbar disc herniation, 11 lumbar disc herniation with lumbar spinal stenosis, 12 lumbar instability and spondylolisthesis, 2 reoperation, and 2 combined compression of cervicle and thoracic spinal cord. RESULTS: Many patients were complicated by the following diseases: hypertension (14), coronary heart disease (9), diabetes mellitus (4), cerebral infarction (3), rheumatic heart disease (1), pulmonary heart disease (1), and complicated with 2 or 3 diseases (9). Discectomy was performed in 14 patients, decompression + discectomy in 11, posterior lateral fusion with pedicle instrument in 9, posterior lateral intravertebrae fusion with instrument in 3. Fixation of 2 levels was made in 5 patients, 3 levels in 3, and multi-levels in 2. Postoperation JOA amelioration rate was 81.6%. CONCLUSION: The condition of adjacent segment should be considered in the operative treatment of elderly patients. Caution should also be taken to coexisting diseases.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Doppler assessment of pulmonary venous flow in healthy subjects and in patients with heart disease.

Pulmonary venous flow as assessed by Doppler echocardiography is a current topic of investigation. Pulmonary venous flow has been used recently as part of a comprehensive assessment of left ventricular diastolic filling dynamics in restrictive myocardial diseases and constrictive pericarditis. Abnormalities of flow have been described in dilated cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease, and arrhythmias. With the advent of transesophageal echocardiography, pulmonary venous flow can be readily obtained in all patients by pulsed-wave Doppler echocardiography. Recently, it has been used to assess the severity of mitral regurgitation and to estimate mean left atrial pressure. This article emphasizes the utility, physiology, and technique of measuring pulmonary venous flow with Doppler echocardiography in health and in disease.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1980

Pulmonary gas exchange after propranolol in patients with ischaemic heart disease.

Pulmonary gas exchange was evaluated after 10 mg i.v. propranolol in 12 patients 3-6 months after acute myocardial infarction undergoing haemodynamic examination in our outpatient department. None of them exhibited clinical signs of heart failure or obstructive airways disease. Routine spirometric examination was normal in all patients. Propranolol led to a distinct deterioration of LV function and to a fall in left ventricular filling pressure both at rest and during exercise. At rest, the administration of propranolol resulted only in a significant decrease of total ventilation. During exercise, its administration was followed by a significant decrease of the tidal volume, alveolar ventilation and VA/VE index. Arterial CO2 tension and physiological dead space ventilation increased significantly. Arterial oxygen tension decreased after propranolol insignificantly both at rest and during exercise. No patient reported dyspnoea after propranolol; 8 patients reported a decrease or disappearance of effort dyspnoea. None exhibited clinical signs of bronchospasm.

Adult↗