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At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

The rotating pole test: evaluation of its effectiveness in assessing functional motor deficits following experimental head injury in the rat.

Neurological motor dysfunction is often an integral component of the neurological sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI). In experimental TBI, neurological motor testing is an outcome measure used to monitor severity of injury, and the response to treatment. This study evaluates the effectiveness and sensitivity of the rotating pole test (RP) to characterize and evaluate the temporal course of motor deficits after lateral fluid percussion (FP) injury to the rat brain. The results are compared with the previously characterized and widely used composite neuroscore of motor function (NS). The animals were required to walk across an elevated wooden pole that was either stationary or rotating to left or right directions at different speeds. Male Wistar rats underwent lateral FP injury of moderate severity (mean 2.4 atm, n = 9) or sham surgery (n = 9), and were tested at 48 h and 7 days post-injury using the NS and RP. The results of the NS directly correlated to the results of the RP, showing a significant injury effect at both 48 h and 7 days. This is the first study to show that the RP-test detects neurological motor deficits after lateral FP injury, and suggests that this technique is a reliable behavioral tool for evaluating neurological motor function in the acute period after experimental TBI.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Mutations in SPC110, encoding the yeast spindle pole body calmodulin-binding protein, cause defects in cell integrity as well as spindle formation.

The 110 kDa spindle pole body component, Spc110p, is an essential target of calmodulin in budding yeast. Cells with mutations which reduce calmodulin binding to Spc110p are unable to form a mitotic spindle and die. Here we show that these effects can be overcome either directly by increasing extracellular calcium or calmodulin expression, which reverse the primary spindle defect, or indirectly through increased extracellular osmolarity or high dosage of MID2 or SLG1/HCS77/WSC1 which preserve viability. We propose that overcoming a cell integrity defect associated with the mitotic arrest enables the defective spindle pole bodies to provide sufficient function for proliferation of a large proportion of mutant cells. Our findings demonstrate a role for calcium in the Spc110p-calmodulin interaction in vivo and have important general implications for the interpretation of genetic interactions involving cell integrity genes.

Calcium↗
PubMed1998

The fork head transcription factor Hcm1p participates in the regulation of SPC110, which encodes the calmodulin-binding protein in the yeast spindle pole body.

We previously identified HCM1 as a dosage-dependent suppressor of a calmodulin temperature-sensitive mutant (cmd1-1). Calmodulin performs multiple functions in yeast. Here we demonstrate that the effects of HCM1 are specific to the role of calmodulin at the spindle pole body. Overexpression of HCM1 fully suppresses the temperature sensitivity of a calmodulin mutant (cmd1-3) that only has defects in assembly of the spindle pole body but does not suppress the temperature sensitivity of a calmodulin mutant (cmd1-8) that only affects other functions of calmodulin. The DNA binding specificity of Hcm1p was determined by a selection, amplification and binding protocol. The consensus sequence for an Hcmlp binding site is WAAYAAACAAW. Mutations in the DNA binding domain of Hcm1p abolish the ability of Hcmlp to specifically recognize this binding site and abolish the ability of Hcm1p to act as a suppressor of calmodulin mutants. The promoter of SPC110 contains a match to the consensus binding site. Deletion of HCM1 does not affect the basal level of SPC110 transcription, but reduces the induction that occurs late in G1 of the cell cycle.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2002

The anterior heart-forming field: voyage to the arterial pole of the heart.

Studies of vertebrate heart development have identified key genes and signalling molecules involved in the formation of a myocardial tube from paired heart-forming fields in splanchnic mesoderm. The posterior region of the paired heart-forming fields subsequently contributes myocardial precursor cells to the inflow region or venous pole of the heart. Recently, a population of myocardial precursor cells in chick and mouse embryos has been identified in pharyngeal mesoderm anterior to the early heart tube. This anterior heart-forming field gives rise to myocardium of the outflow region or arterial pole of the heart. The amniote heart is therefore derived from two myocardial precursor cell populations, which appear to be regulated by distinct genetic programmes. Discovery of the anterior heart-forming field has important implications for the interpretation of cardiac defects in mouse mutants and for the study of human congenital heart disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Scaphoid nonunion with avascular necrosis of the proximal pole. Treatment with a vascularized bone graft from the dorsum of the distal radius.

Scaphoid nonunion with avascular necrosis of the proximal pole remains a difficult problem. We have endeavoured to heal the fracture, restore scaphoid height and revascularize the proximal pole of the scaphoid by means of a vascularized dorsal interposition graft from the distal radius. The procedure has resulted in union of six of ten fractures. Fractures that healed had not been treated by a previous bone grafting procedure. Dissatisfaction was due to loss of motion in patients who had healed fractures, and pain in those patients with persistent non-unions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Flexible ureterorenoscopy for the treatment of lower pole calyx stones: influence of different lithotripsy probes and stone extraction tools on scope deflection and irrigation flow.

The 7.5 and 9.0 F flexible ureterorenoscopes are used widely in endourology. These scopes, along with new available tools and probes, enable intrarenal ureteroscopic access to renal stones in the lower pole. Following individual clinical experiences the infundibulopelvic angle has to be respected for the selection of different scopes, tools and probes. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of different scopes, tools and probes on the angle of the active and passive flexion of the flexible ureterorenoscope. The angles of the active and passive flexion and maximum irrigation flow of different flexible ureterorenoscope (9.0 F Wolf, 7.5 F Olympus, 7.5 F Storz) were measured repeatedly in vitro using nine different inserted tools and/or probes. In addition, the maximum allowing for easy passage of the nine different tools/probes through the channel of the scope were measured. The Olympus scope without working instrument present, allows for the greatest deflection. The flexible Lithoclast, the non-nitinol baskets, and the 365 microns laser probes significantly inhibit the deflection of all scopes. The greatest deflection with inserted working tool was possible using the Wolf and Storz scopes. Both nitinol tools as well as the 200 microns laser probe had only minimal influence on the deflection. The 200 microns laser probe reduces the irrigation flow from 50 to 28 ml/min. In contrast, the baskets reduce the irrigation flow from 50 to 2 ml/min. There are significant differences of the active and passive flexion depending on the ureterorenoscopes itself and the different tools. In order to perform a successful flexible ureterorenoscopic stone treatment in the lower pole, the inhibition of the flexion of the different scopes together with the individual infundibulopelvic angle must be respected when selecting different tools and probes.

Alloys↗
PubMed2003

Treatment of ureterocele on duplex ureter: upper pole nephrectomy by retroperitoneoscopy in children based on a series of 24 cases.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to present the results of a preliminary series of 24 upper pole nephrectomies performed by retroperitoneoscopy in children between 1995 and 2000. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The patient was placed in the lateral supine position and 3-4 trocars were inserted. Parenchymal section was performed by ultrasound or unipolar scalpel. This series of 24 children consisted of 15 girls and 9 boys with a mean age of 22 months. RESULT: Three cases (12.5%) required open conversion. Nine intraoperative complications (37%) were observed and repaired intraoperatively. Five postoperative complications (20%) consisted of residual perirenal collections, requiring drainage under anaesthesia in only one case. The mean operating time was 2 hours 40 minutes. The mean hospital stay was 3.4 days. The mean follow-up was 32 months. No cases of secondary atrophy of the lower pole were observed. CONCLUSION: Overall, these preliminary results are comparable to those of conventional open surgery. The advantage of this method is a reduction of skin and musculo-aponeurotic scars.

Child↗
PubMed1995

Iliac crest bone grafting and Herbert screw fixation of nonunions of the scaphoid with avascular proximal poles.

Between 1989 and 1991, 137 nonunions of the scaphoid were treated by the senior author, who noted that 26 of these nonunions had an avascular proximal pole (no punctate bleeding from the bone at the time of surgery). All 26 nonunions were treated with iliac crest bone grafting and Herbert screw fixation. Of these 26 patients, 17 were followed for more than 1 year after their surgery (average follow-up period, 31 months). The average time from injury to surgery was 31 months. Of the 17 patients included in this study, 12 were treated with a palmar approach to the nonunion, 5 with a dorsal approach. The 12 nonunions that occurred at either a midwaist or distal location were approached through a palmar modified Russe incision and treated with interpositional corticocancellous iliac crest bone graft in addition to the Herbert bone screw. The five nonunions with a very small proximal fragment were approached through a dorsal incision and treated with cancellous iliac crest bone graft and Herbert screw fixation. All patients were immobilized after operation in a short-arm thumb spica cast for 3 months and were then allowed active range of motion of their wrists. Return to full activity was permitted once preoperative wrist motion was restored. Radiographic union, as defined as bridging trabeculae of bone present in all x-ray films, occurred in nine patients, an incomplete union or persistent fibrous union in seven, and a nonunion in one patient. Using the scaphoid outcome score, an assessment scale based on pain, occupation, wrist motion, strength, and patient satisfaction, functional results were graded as excellent in six patients, good in five patients, fair in four patients, and poor in two patients. The average range of motion of the wrist did not significantly improve after surgery, but the average grip strength of the injured hand increased by 29 lbs. There were no intraoperative complications. However, three patients required further operative procedures including radial styloidectomy, pin removal, and carpal tunnel release. No patient has required either a proximal row carpectomy or wrist arthrodesis. Previously published results of avascular proximal pole scaphoid nonunions suggest that union cannot be obtained and functional results are uniformly poor. In contrast, the functional and x-ray results of our patients are markedly improved over these previous studies--emphasizing the importance of iliac crest bone grafting, rigid internal fixation, and appropriate postoperative immobilization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Conservative treatment of lower pole breast cancers by bilateral mammoplasty and radiotherapy.

AIMS: This series analyses the results of conservative surgery for large lower pole breast cancers by lumpectomy associated with a bilateral remodelling mammoplasty, in order to avoid residual deformities. METHODS: This retrospective study concerns 50 patients with a lower pole breast cancer treated between 1986 and 1996 by lumpectomy, mammoplasty and irradiation. The contralateral breast was immediately made symmetrical in all cases. The mean tumour size was 32.5 mm. RESULTS: The mean weight of the lumpectomy specimen was 270 g. Resection margins were tumour-free in 90% of cases. The main complication observed was delayed healing, thus postponing post-operative treatment in 6.5% of cases. The median follow-up was 48 months. The 5-year actuarial ipsilateral local recurrence rate was 7% and 5-year actuarial metastasis-free and overall survival rates were 81 and 97%, respectively. Cosmesis was satisfactory in 85% of patients. We observed better results when radiotherapy was performed after rather than prior to surgery (92 vs. 67%: NS). CONCLUSIONS: Performing a bilateral mammoplasty at the time of initial surgery for large breast cancers situated in the lower quadrants of the breast facilitates larger lumpectomies with good cosmetic results.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A delayed transverse avulsion fracture of the superior pole of the patella after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Patella fractures following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using central one third patella-tendon autograft is a recognized although rarely reported complication of this procedure. Twelve reports of patella fractures after ACL reconstruction exist in the literature, although only half of these fractures occurred postoperatively. Two of the nonacute fractures occurred approximately 6 months postoperatively, one of them being an avulsion of the inferior pole of the patella and the other being a displaced transverse avulsion fracture of the patella. We report on a nondisplaced transverse avulsion fracture of the superior pole of the patella that occurred 1 year after ACL reconstruction despite bone grafting the defect in the patella at the time of surgery. We are unaware of any report of this kind in the literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Fractures and non unions of the proximal pole of the carpal scaphoid bone. Internal fixation by a proximal to distal screw.

We report a new proximal to distal screw fixation technique for proximal pole fractures and non unions of the carpal scaphoid (type I of the Schernberg, Elzein and Gerard classification). Seven cases of non union with a live proximal polar fragment were operated from 1984 to 1986 with 4 excellent and 2 fair results and one failure. Three recent displaced fractures were also treated this way, with 3 excellent results. This useful technique is worth knowing and deserves a place in the treatment of scaphoid fractures, especially type I proximal pole fractures which represent a challenging problem, and are in no way comparable to other locations.

Bone Screws↗
PubMed1999

The actin cytoskeleton is required for maintenance of posterior pole plasm components in the Drosophila embryo.

Localization of mRNAs is one of many aspects of cellular organization that requires the cytoskeleton. In Drosophila, microtubules are known to be required for correct localization of developmentally important mRNAs and proteins during oogenesis; however, the role of the actin cytoskeleton in localization is less clear. Furthermore, it is not known whether either of these cytoskeletal systems are necessary for maintenance of RNA localization in the early embryo. We have examined the contribution of the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons to maintenance of RNA and protein localization in the early Drosophila embryo. We have found that while microtubules are not necessary, the actin cytoskeleton is needed for stable association of nanos, oskar, germ cell-less and cyclin B mRNAs and Oskar and Vasa proteins at the posterior pole in the early embryo. In contrast, bicoid RNA, which is located at the anterior pole, does not require either cytoskeletal system to remain at the anterior.

Actins↗
PubMed2001

Solvent cleaning of pole transformers containing PCB contaminated insulating oil.

In 1989, it was discovered that the recycled insulation oil in pole transformers for electric power supply was contaminated with trace amounts of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs; maximum 50 mg-PCB/kg-insulation oil). In order to remove the PCBs from transformer components using n-hexane as a solvent, we investigated the relationship between progressive stages of dismantling and cleaning results. The results are summarized as follows: (1) Based on the cleaning test results, we made an estimate of the residual PCB amount on iron and copper components. By dismantling the test pole transformers into the "iron core and coil portion" and cleaning the components, we achieved a residual PCB amount that was below the limit of detection (0.05 mg-PCB/kg-material). To achieve a residual PCB amount below the limit of detection for the transformer paper component, it was necessary to cut the paper into pieces smaller than 5 mm. We were unable to achieve a residual PCB amount below the limit of detection for the wood component. (2) Compared to Japan's stipulated limited concentration standard values for PCBs, the results of the cleaning test show that cleaning iron or copper components with PCBs only on their surface with the solvent n-hexane will satisfy the limited concentration standard values when care is taken to ensure the component surfaces have adequate contact with the cleaning solvent.

Copper↗
PubMed2000

Spindle pole body duplication: a model for centrosome duplication?

The yeast spindle pole body (SPB) is the functional equivalent of the centrosome and forms the two poles of the mitotic spindle. Before mitosis, both SPBs and centrosomes are present as single copies and must be duplicated to form the bipolar spindle. SPB components have been identified using a combination of biochemistry and genetics, and their role during SPB duplication has been analysed using temperature-sensitive mutants. In this article, we describe structural aspects of SPB duplication and their possible relationship to centrosome duplication.

Centrosome↗
PubMed2003

Thinking of the future and past: the roles of the frontal pole and the medial temporal lobes.

Human lesion data have indicated that the frontal polar area might be critically involved in having an insight into one's future. Retrospective memory mediated by medial temporal lobes and related structures, on the other hand, could be used to extract one's future prospects efficiently. In the present study, we investigated the roles of these two brain structures in thinking of the future and past by using positron emission tomography (PET) and a naturalistic task setting. We measured regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in healthy subjects while they were talking about their future prospects or past experiences, with regard to two different temporal windows (in years or days). Many areas in the frontal and the medial temporal lobes were activated during the future and past tasks compared with a control task requiring semantic retrieval. Among these, areas in anteromedial frontal pole showed greater activation during the future tasks than during the past tasks, showing significant effect of temporal distance from the present. Most areas in the medial temporal lobes showed greater or equivalent level of activations during the future tasks compared with the past tasks. The present results suggest that thinking of the future is closely related to retrospective memory, but that specific areas in the frontal pole and the medial temporal lobes are more involved with thinking of the future than that of the past.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

The arterial pole of the mouse heart forms from Fgf10-expressing cells in pharyngeal mesoderm.

Development of the arterial pole of the heart is a critical step in cardiogenesis, yet its embryological origin remains obscure. We have analyzed a transgenic mouse line in which beta-galactosidase activity is observed in the embryonic right ventricle and outflow tract of the heart and in contiguous splanchnic and pharyngeal mesoderm. The nlacZ transgene has integrated upstream of the fibroblast growth factor 10 (Fgf10) gene and comparison with the expression pattern of Fgf10 in pharyngeal mesoderm indicates transgene control by Fgf10 regulatory sequences. Dil labeling shows a progressive movement of cells from the pharyngeal arch region into the growing heart tube between embryonic days 8.25 and 10.5. These data suggest that arterial pole myocardium originates outside the classical heart field.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Kar9 asymmetrical loading on spindle poles mediates proper spindle alignment in budding yeast.

In the February 21 issue of Cell, demonstrate that asymmetrical loading of Kar9 onto astral microtubules (MTs) emanating from the bud-ward-directed spindle pole ensures delivery of this spindle pole to the bud. Kar9 mediates alignment of the spindle with the cell polarity axis through a Myo2-dependent mechanism that reorients astral MTs toward the bud.

CDC28 Protein Kinase, S cerevisiae↗