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At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Clinical and functional results of open operative repair for Achilles tendon rupture in a non-specialist surgical unit.

We followed up 25 patients (average age 47.9 years, range 22 to 77) after open repair of their Achilles tendon rupture. All had been operated on by a single general surgeon using an end-to-end reabsorbable suture, and immobilised in a plaster of Paris cast for six weeks. All patients had been discharged from follow up by 18 weeks from the operation. At an average of 3.4 years (range six months to 9.25 years), 18 had "excellent", six (24%) "good" and one (4%) "satisfactory" results. All but one patient were able to walk on tiptoes, and 20 of the 22 patients examined directly walked without a limp. Ultrasonography showed the injured tendons to be on average 2.3 times thicker in the antero-posterior diameter and 1.7 times thicker in the transverse diameter. In the hands of a single non-specialist but fully trained general surgeon, this management regimen produced full return to pre-operative activities in the majority of patients, and a low rate of local complications. The macroscopic and ultrasonographic appearance of the operated tendon remained abnormal, but this was not associated with any overt clinical disturbance

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed1992

Setting, hardening and resorption of calcium phosphate hydraulic cements.

Two examples of calcium phosphate hydraulic cements (CPHC) are presented. Type I cements consist in mixtures of beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) and monocalcium phosphate monohydrate (MCPM), to which some plaster of Paris (CSH) is added as a setting retardant. Type II cements consist in mixtures of beta-TCP, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) and calcium carbonate (CC), to which some hydroxyapatite (HAP) is added as a setting accelerator. The setting time of these cements ranges from a few minutes up to a few hours, according to their composition and the amount of mixing water. Tensile strengths ranging from 1.2 up to 3.5 MPa have been recorded on cements which porosity ranged from 38 up to 55 vol%. In-vivo experiments on dogs have shown the perfect biocompatibility and resorbability of cement I.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Comminuted Colles' fractures: a prospective trial of management.

Patients suffering from comminuted fractures of the lower end of the radius were treated by one of two protocols and followed for 6 months. One group was treated by a regime of percutaneous wiring based on the technique described by DePalma. This was compared with the results obtained from the conventional treatment of manipulation and application of plaster of Paris for similar injuries. Final function was found to be closely related to anatomical results and this was obtained earlier and with greater predictability in the wired group. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups at 6 months in extension (P less than 0.001), ulnar deviation (P greater than 0.05), grip strength (P less than 0.001), radial angle (P less than 0.0001), radial length (P less than 0.0001), and dorsal/volar angle (P greater than 0.0001). Using a modified McBride's system of scoring, the results were found to be directly correlated to the anatomical findings at the end of 6 months.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The effect of emergency department policy change on Hutt district general practices.

AIM: To determine the impact of the new Hutt Hospital emergency care policy as perceived by general practitioners and measure the level of general practitioner emergency services provided. METHOD: Postal survey one year after policy instituted of Hutt district general practitioners. RESULTS: Sixty-three general practitioners replied (93% response). Eighty-one percent of general practitioners were in favour of the new policy or wanted it extended further, although 79% had noticed a slight increase in patient numbers. Most surgeries were less than 10 km from the hospital, 44% had one general practitioner, 38% had no practice nurse, 84% were staffed between 40-59 hours a week. No practice had staff on the premises between the night time hours of 8 pm and 8 am but all had after hours cover by telephone. Most practices were equipped to manage at least some emergency conditions: all had peak flow meters, 94% had nebulisers, 69% oxygen cylinders, and 47% had an ECG machine. Only two practices had slit lamps and plaster of paris facilities, and one a defibrillation machine. Almost all general practitioners suture wounds, strap ankles, and most treat fractures and pack noses. Seventy-five percent of general practitioners expressed a need for better communication with the Hutt Hospital emergency department. CONCLUSION: A general acceptance of the policy change by Hutt general practitioners although more research is needed to determine the impact of this change on patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Non-invasive determination of bone lead in human body using X-ray fluorescence excited by 109Cd].

A measurement system of X-ray fluorescence excited by 109Cd was set up for the in vivo measurement of bone lead. In the system, a HPGe detector (phi 10 mm x 7 mm) was used to detect the characteristic K X-rays of lead in tibia excited by gamma rays of 88.0 keV from 109Cd. By the normalization of lead X-rays to the coherent scatter, the content of bone lead was calculated from the calibration curves of the ratio (X-ray intensity: coherent intensity) against the lead concentration in tibia phantoms. The normalization technique rendered the measurement accuracy independent of tissue overlay thickness, bone shape, size, mass, and subject motion. Calibration curves obtained from a set of tibia phantoms with lead-doped plaster of Paris were linear. The results of pilot measurements showed that the contents of bone lead in the occupationally exposed workers were higher than those in the control group.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Zinc sulfate calcium phosphate (ZSCAP) composite for repairing traumatized bone.

The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the suitability of zinc sulfate calcium phosphate ceramic composites as bone substitutes. ZSCAP ceramics were fabricated from stock powders of zinc sulfate, zinc oxide, calcium oxide, and phosphorous pentoxide in a ratio of 15:30:30:25 by weight of ZnSo4:ZnO:CaO:P2O5. The three oxides and zinc sulfate were mixed for 10 minutes in a blender and then calcined in a crucible at 650 degrees C for 24 hours. The calcined powder was ground in a ball mill for 0.5 hours and separated into particle sizes of 38-45, 45-63, and 65-75 microns by an automatic siever and shaker. One hundred male, albino, Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 250-300 g each, were used to conduct the investigation. The treatments (10 rats per treatment) were as follows: Group I, non-operated controls, Group II, sham-operated controls, and Groups III, IV and V, experimental animals. In situ hardening ZSCAP ceramic particulate powders or pastes of 38-45 microns (Group III), 45-63 microns (Group IV) or 65-75 microns (Group V) were implanted in a 2.0 mm defect in the femur of each rat. Radiographic and morphologic examination of the implant site indicated that the implant was biocompatible and firmly entrenched in the traumatized bone defect up to 90 days post-implantation. Since ZSCAP ceramics set like plaster of Paris and have all the beneficial properties of resorbable calcium phosphate, they should provide the surgeon with a non-toxic, resorbable, fast setting ceramic (in situ) for use as a hard tissue substitute in orthopaedic, dental, and maxillofacial surgeries.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Augmented bone-matrix formation and osteogenesis under magnetic field stimulation in vivo XRD, TEM and SEM investigations.

Bone is a composite biomaterial, which is formed, when proteins constituting collagen fibers attract calcium, phosphate and hydroxide ions in solution to nucleate atop the fibers. It grows into a hard structure of tiny crystallites of hydroxyapatite, aligned along the long axis of collagen fibers. The present work reports the stimulating effect of static magnetic field on microstructure and mineralization process of bone repair. A unilateral transverse fracture of mid-shaft of metacarpal was surgically created in healthy goats under thiopental sedation and xylocaine analgesia. Two bar magnets (approximately 800 gauss/cm2 field strength) were placed across the fracture line at opposite pole alignment immobilized in Plaster of Paris (POP) splint bandage for static magnetic field stimulation. Radiographs were taken at weekly intervals up to 45 days. Results show that formation of extra-cellular matrix and its microstructure can be influenced by non-invasive physical stimulus (magnetic field) for achieving an enhanced osteogenesis, leading to quicker regeneration of bone tissue in goats. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of treated (magnetic field-exposed) and control samples revealed the presence and orientation of crystalline structures. Intensity of diffraction peaks corresponding to 310 and 222 planes were enhanced with respect to 211 families of reflections, indicating preferential alignment of the crystals. Also, the percent crystallinity and crystal size were increased in treated samples. The study provides a biophysical basis for augmented fracture healing under the influence of semi-aligned static magnetic field applied across the fracture line.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

A rare combination of fractures of the upper extremities: a diagnostic problem.

The rare case is reported of fractures concurrently of the bilateral proximal radius and the right proximal carpal row. Initial radiographs of the patient showed only fractures in the bilateral proximal radius and the right triquetral bone. In addition, the bone scan showed focal increased uptake in the right scaphoid bone and lunate bone as well, suggesting fractures. Fractures of the entire right proximal row were confirmed by computer tomography. The patient received functional treatment for the elbows and had a scaphoid plaster-of-Paris cast for the wrist. This resulted in a complete recovery after one year.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[The most frequent tendon injury: the "mallet finger". Review, therapeutic concept and results].

This study covers treatment and after-treatment of 126 extensor tendon injuries of the DIP-joint in 125 patients over a period of 4 years. Tendon injuries were classified into 4 types and the final results were evaluated using a modified Riedeberger and Zeumer scale. In recent subcutaneous tendon injuries conservative therapy is indicated, depending on the primary extension deficit (less than 20 degrees modified Stack splint, greater than 20 degrees Mommsen plaster of Paris or special dressing). Chip fractures should be stabilized by pull-out suture.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1991

Some simple techniques helpful in ant research.

Eight simple techniques which may be helpful in ant research are presented. They facilitate: (1) collecting ground-nesting ants; (2) prompting ants to go out of their nest chambers; (3) introducing ants into a test tube; (4) recapturing ants during their mass escape in the laboratory; (5) keeping tidy foraging areas of artificial ant nests; (6) keeping high level of air humidity in foraging areas of artificial ant nests; (7) providing ants with water of improved quality; (8) cleaning artificial ant nests carved in plaster of Paris.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Therapeutic concept and results of treatment of subcutaneous extensor tendon rupture of the finger end joint].

This study covers treatment and after-treatment of 95 extensor tendon injuries of the DIP-joint in 94 patients over a period of 3 years. Tendon injuries were classified into 4 types according to Suckert et al. and the final results were evaluated using a modified Riedeberger and Zeumer scale. In recent subcutaneous tendon injuries conservative therapy is indicated, depending on the primary extension deficit (less than 20 degrees = modified Stack splint, greater than 20 degrees = Mommsen plaster of Paris or special dressing). Chip fractures should be stabilized by pull-out suture.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Bundle nailing of forearm fractures. Indications and results].

Hackethal developed the nailing procedure named after him in 1959. The rationale of Hackethal nailing is an elastic jamming, which can only be achieved by obeying four rules: jamming of the nails in the cortical window, jamming then in the waist of the medullary cavity, spreading the bunch of nails in the metaphysis and filling up the conus of the medullary cavity with short nails. We confined Hackethal nailing to closed and first-degree open fractures of the 2nd-5th sixth of the shaft of the forearm. If closed reduction and nailing were impossible, we performed a plate fixation (AO), in second- or third-degree open fractures we treated with fixators (Orthofix). In a 13-year period we performed Hackethal bundle nailing in 65 patients with 115 fractures. In 54% patients surgery was performed within the first 8 hours following admission. We used two or three nails passing the fracture and one short nail. Except for 1 case, in which we needed a plaster of Paris, we achieved rational stability. On average, the nails were removed after 11.5 months. The healing and complication rates were assessed by follow-up examination of 49 patients. The results were excellent and good in 71.5% patients, satisfactory 11.4% and poor in 17.1%. Complications consisted of a 2.1% infection rate (osteitis), 3.1% non-union, 2.1% with a synostosis, 1% refracture (during removal of the nails) and 3.1% migration of nails, combined with tendon rupture. We have seen 1 case with metallosis. In conclusion with our confined spectrum of indications Hackethal nailing is a low-risk method, which leads to a rational stability and early bone healing.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Radiocolloids in the management of hemophilic arthropathy in children and adolescents.

Radiocolloids have been used in the treatment of hemophilic arthropathy. Fifty-eight joints of 35 patients were injected with 2-5 mCi of yttrium-90 silicate under local anesthesia. A preinjection arthrogram was performed to ensure correct placement of the needle. Plaster of paris cast immobilization of the joint was used for three days. After a mean follow-up period of seven years (range, two to 12 years), 47 joints were pain free, and 13 joints had not experienced another hemorrhagic episode. The mean hemorrhagic frequency had decreased from four per month to two per year. The radiation risk was far outweighed by the benefits of the procedure. Forty-seven of the 58 joints were rated as improved by the patients. The roentgenographic appearance of the joints had changed little. Only five complications occurred: three needle-track necroses because of extravasation of the radiocolloid, two severely painful joints immediately after injection, and one massive hemorrhagic episode. This form of treatment is suggested for hemophiliacs who have failed to respond to intensive physical and hematologic therapy, and for those patients who have inhibitors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Basic casting techniques.

Plaster of Paris in bandage or slab form is still the most common material used for immobilisation of injured limbs. It is inexpensive and can be used with ease to produce a smooth, conforming and safe cast. Many of the synthetic materials now available for casting also have excellent conforming characteristics. They produce light and extremely durable casts, are less messy during application and their use is increasing.

Arm Injuries↗
PubMed1991

[Fracture and dislocation fracture of the os pisiforme].

Four cases of pisiform fracture are presented. In one case the largest fragment of the pisiform bone with the articular surface was dislocated. After open reduction, osteosynthesis with K-wires was performed. Two patients had an isolated fracture without fragment dislocation. They had their lower arms immobilized with a plaster of Paris cast for 4 weeks. In the fourth case the fracture of the pisiform bone was associated with an intraarticular distal radial fracture and wrist dislocation. The typical traumatic cause of pisiform fracture is a fall onto the outstretched hand. Immobilization for 4 weeks results in functional recovery. In cases with dislocation of the pisotriquetral joint open reduction and osteosynthesis are necessary. Excision of the pisiform bone is not indicated in a fresh injury.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Displaced boxers' fractures: a simple and effective method of external splintage.

Forty patients with fractures of the fifth metacarpal neck (boxers' fractures) having a volar angulation of 30 degrees or more were treated by closed reduction and external immobilisation. A combination of malleable aluminium alloy splint and plaster of Paris cast was used. The results show a significant improvement in fracture angulation after reduction and at follow-up (3/5 weeks) using this form of external splintage. There were no complications. Our results compare favourably with those of other recently published series. We advocate the use of this method of treatment for these fractures with significant volar angulation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Tuberculosis of the upper cervical spine].

The authors present a case report on a 25-year-old female patient with the tuberculous spondylitis of 2nd cervical vertebra. For the treatment they choose a two-stage surgical procedure. Within the first stage they removed transorally the focus and filled in the defect in the body of the vertebra with autospongy bone grafts. In the second stage they stabilized the spine from the dorsal approach. Postoperative treatment in the plaster of Paris collar lasted three months. Thus the disease was quickly eliminated.

Adult↗