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PubMed1981

[Diphtheria and tetanus antibodies in children and young adults (author's transl)].

Diphtheria and tetanus antibodies were determined in a random sample of 635 test persons of 1 to 25 years of age via the passive haemagglutination test. Using sera and immunoglobulins standardized for protective capacity, titres were expressed as international units (IU). Titres greater than or equal to 0.01 IU/ml diphtheria antitoxin were detected in 96% of children (1-17 years, n = 70), in 79% of adults aged 18-22 (n = 397), in 68% of adults aged 23-25 (n = 168); tetanus antitoxin was found in 96% of children and 90% of adults. 9% of the males between 18 and 22 years of age had no detectable tetanus antibodies before of the same age had no tetanus antibodies. Safe protection (greater than or equal to 0.1 IU/ml) against diphtheria may be expected in 56% of children and in 35% of adults only, against tetanus in 86% and 75%, respectively. 25% of all test persons had excessive tetanus titres (greater than or equal to 10 IU/ml).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Long-term experience with testing family and sexual contacts of HBsAg positive persons].

UNLABELLED: The study objectives were to identify HBsAg positive persons and to offer free vaccination against the infection to their family and sexual contacts found negative in screening for viral hepatitis B (VHB) postinfection markers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Any person testing HBsAg positive in the Plzen region was registered in cooperation with laboratories. The collected data included reason for testing, clinical diagnosis and ethnicity. Contacts were screened for postinfection markers and vaccinated. RESULTS: Between 1997 and 2004, 939 HBsAg positive persons were registered by laboratories in the Plzen region. Their mean age was 42.2 (0-90) years. As many as 63.4 % of the infected persons appeared to be "healthy" carriers. Nevertheless, a significant upward trend in HBsAg positivity was recorded among immigrants (mainly those from Vietnam). Altogether 18.2 % of 829 family and sexual contacts tested positive for VHB postinfection markers (HBsAg, anti-HBc). The highest percentages of infected contacts were detected among siblings and parents of HBsAg positive persons (36.5 % and 27.3 %, respectively). Free vaccination has been requested by 82.2 % of susceptible contacts. CONCLUSION: Systematic vaccination of family and sexual contacts of HBsAg positive persons can contribute to more rapid VHB elimination in the Czech Republic. Currently, special attention in detecting infected persons is to be paid to immigrants from Asia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Tuberculosis in a Tulsa high school.

Following the discovery of a high school student with communicable tuberculosis, the Tulsa City-County Health Department skin tested 1,005 persons in the family, community, and school. Of the 931 persons tested at the school, 10 were reactors in March and 33 more were reactors in May. All 5 family members and 4 community contacts were tuberculin reactive. In all, 52 new tuberculin reactors were identified, evaluated, and considered for treatment or prophylaxis. This situation illustrates the conundrum that tuberculosis remains an important public health issue because of the possibility of transmission from small pockets of diseased persons to the larger community, especially in institutions of all kinds. Physicians and public health agencies must be vigilant and identify new cases for treatment and begin contact tracing to minimize the spread of tuberculosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Vocational rehabilitation in young mentally retarded adults].

Most of the 151 young feeble-minded adults examined by us prove to be successful at their work-places. In most cases, these work-places require a relatively low degree of qualification. The mentally disabled male persons gain on an average a higher income; often they do heavy physical work and show a higher accident risk than the female persons questioned by us. In a considerable part of the feeble-minded test persons our questioning revealed great differences between the subjective appraisal of their social recognition and the objective appraisal of the social value made by the enterprise. These divergences decrease with increasing age of the test persons. The majority of the oligophrenic young adults are not doing any social work.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Role of creatinine clearance as a screening test in persons with spinal cord injury.

OBJECTIVES: To determine (1) the variability of annual creatinine clearance (C(Cr)) testing for subjects with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) and (2) whether decisions to change neurogenic bladder management are made based on C(Cr) measurements. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. SETTING: Inpatient Veterans Affairs SCI unit. PARTICIPANTS: The medical records of 70 men were consecutively selected for review from among 664 veterans enrolled in the SCI clinic. All patient charts had to have at least 5 C(Cr) tests performed within 10 years preceding the review. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Development of renal insufficiency and change in medical or bladder management of the patient, based on the results of the C(Cr) test. RESULTS: For individual patients, the results of 24-hour C(Cr) were highly variable from 1 evaluation to the next; the within-subject standard deviation (SD) for C(Cr) was 25.9mL/min. The within-subject SD for serum creatinine was 0.12mg/dL. For all comparisons of repeatability, variability, and reliability, serum creatinine was superior to C(Cr). No medical management decisions were made based on the result of the 24-hour creatinine clearance. Renal ultrasound results and postvoid bladder residuals were the major factors in changing medical management with regard to renal function preservation. CONCLUSIONS: The C(Cr) test has little value as a screening measure for renal disease in SCI patients because of its variability in serial testing.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1978

[Pluri-dimensional study of psychological factors in coronary disease].

To palliate certain criticisms levelled at workers studying psychological factors in coronary artery disease, the authors have applied a pluri-dimensional approach associating a semi-direct psychological interview, a self-evaluation test (Bortner scale), an Eysenck personality test and Sandler and Hazari's test of obsessional behaviour. This protocol was applied to 222 patients hospitalised for coronary artery disease and 522 random controls. The psychological interview and Bortner test showed a significantly higher proportion of A pattern and especially extreme A pattern behaviour in patients with coronary artery disease (32.6 % in coronary patients 9.7 % in controls). The personality questionnaire showed a greater tendency to neurotic behaviour in the coronary patients. These results were independant of age and sex. In the present study, psychological factors are given equal importance to other major risk factors (tobacco, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia). They are independant of these other factors. A prospective study using the same protocol is being prepared.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Cognitive skills in achondroplasia.

Increased intracranial pressure and ventricular and subarachnoidal dilatation are common manifestations in achondroplasia. They rarely lead to major neurologic and/or psychomotor deficits and neurosurgical intervention is seldom needed. The present study was undertaken to detect signs of minor cerebral dysfunction and discuss possibilities of their prevention. Thirty children with achondroplasia were compared to 3 control groups: their next-born sibs, 30 children with other forms of dwarfism, and 30 children with normal height. Early development was assessed by means of questionnaires. Cognitive skills were evaluated with the German version of the Cognitive Abilities Test and the Lorge-Thorndike Intelligence Test. Personality data were tested using standardized neuroticism, extraversion, and anxiety scales. Children with achondroplasia had more frequent histories of delayed motor development, retarded speech development, and lower school grades in language-related specialties. Psychometric testing disclosed total and subtest scores in the population-based normal range. In comparison with their sibs and matched controls children with achondroplasia had significantly lower total scores mainly caused by low scores in the subtest "verbal comprehension." We conclude that verbal comprehension is significantly impaired in children with achondroplasia. This partial deficiency is probably related to frequent middle ear infections and resulting conductive hearing loss. Hypotonia with delayed oropharyngeal muscle coordination and parental response to an altered, more infantile instinctive releasing pattern may be contributing factors.

Achondroplasia↗
PubMed1989

Possible steroid withdrawal syndrome following short Synacthen test--a personal report.

Symptoms not attributable either to disease rebound or to adrenal suppression have been reported both in patients receiving steroids when long-term therapy has been stopped and in normal volunteers after single oral doses of prednisolone or intravenous equivalents. This so-called steroid withdrawal syndrome remains poorly understood. It has not previously been reported following exposure to increased levels of endogenous steroids after diagnostic administration of synthetic adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH). The author's personal experience of an apparent steroid withdrawal reaction following a short Synacthen test is described. It is suggested that as yet unidentified individual factors must play a role in determining whether steroid withdrawal symptoms occur. Closer observation of other subjects after the Synacthen test might reveal other instances of steroid withdrawal symptomatology following this common diagnostic procedure.

Cosyntropin↗
PubMed2000

Typus melancholicus and the Temperament and Character Inventory personality dimensions in patients with major depression.

Although many clinical studies have been conducted to determine the etiological role and clinical implications of typus melancholicus for unipolar depression, maladaptive personality features in depressive patients have not been well described. This study explores typus melancholicus, as measured by the rigidity subscale of the Munich Personality Test, and maladaptive personality features, as measured by the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), in 131 remitted patients with DSM-IV major depression and 154 normal controls. The patients reported significantly higher scores on rigidity and harm avoidance and significantly lower scores on self-directedness and cooperativeness. Only 23.6% of the variance of the rigidity scale was explained by the variance of the seven TCI scales, in which only persistence was significantly correlated positively to rigidity. Cluster analysis identified four subgroups, two of which were characterized by a high rigidity score. One of these two subgroups showed no maladaptive personality features, as measured by the TCI, while the other showed high harm avoidance and low self-directedness. These results indicate that the personality of depressive patients is characterized not only by typus melancholicus but also by maladaptive personality features, that typus melancholicus is not well represented by any TCI scale, and that typus melancholicus and maladaptive personality features can coexist in some depressive patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Pre-employment screening and applicants' attitudes toward an employment opportunity.

In an experimental simulation with Israeli participants, the author examined the influence of two aspects of pre-employment screening (duration of screening and type of testing) on applicants' attitudes toward a recruitment effort and toward a potential job. Testing that lasted longer led to more favorable attitudes. The participants considered knowledge testing, compared with personality testing, more job related, less invasive of privacy, and less sensitive to the amount of time spent testing.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Use of Psychometric with Adolescent Patients.

This chapter describes and critiques instruments that are appropriate for psychometric assessment of adolescents. Content areas include cognitive assessment (intelligence, neuropsychological, and educational tests), personality assessment (projective tests and structured interviews), and behaviorally based measures (direct observation, rating scales, and checklists). Guidelines are provided for evaluating both the utility of a psychometric measure and the adequacy of a psychoeducational report.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1975

[Infestation with intestinal helminths in the inhabitants of the city of Dresden].

It is reported on the data of helminthological investigations performed on 1323 Dresden inhabitants at the age of 14 to 70 years. Furthermore the notifications of the affections with tapeworm which had come into the district hygiene inspection of Dresden were evaluated. An affection with Ascaris lumbricoides of 1.2%, with Trichuris trichiura of 1.6%, with Enterobius vermicularis of 14.5% and with Taeniarhynchus saginatus of about 1% were proved. In the case of Enterobius vermicularis the for the most part affected age groups were the 14- to 20-year-old test persons and concerning Taeniarhynchus saginatus the 21- to 70-year-old test persons. Accumulations of the extensity of the affection with helminths bound to a species of hosts were not detected. Concerning the taeniarhynchosis since 1966 a permanent increase of the extensity of affection is to be registered. The duty of notification concerning taeniarhynchosis is often neglected. Only about 1/6 of the affection with tapeworm is notified in the district hygiene inspection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Dental amalgam. II: Exposure to mercury.

The intraoral mercury concentration as well as the concentration in the expiratory air and in the saliva of patients with amalgams is higher than that of patients with no amalgam fillings. Test persons with amalgam fillings do not show significantly higher mercury values than test persons without amalgam fillings. However, the urine of persons who are exposed to mercury at work contains more mercury than that of people who are not.

Dental Amalgam↗
PubMed1977

[Circulating tissue antigens in inflammatory heart disease].

Experiments with an antipericardium immune serum of the goat resulted in the proof of two not identical with serum proteins antigens in the pericardium. By means of the same antiserum with the help of the gel diffusion technique after Ouchterlony and immunoelectrophoresis the sera of patients with carditis or myocardial infarction, respectively, were examined for the presence of circulating tissue antigens. In 20 out of 23 patients with carditis 1 or 2 antigens were found which were not identical with normal serum proteins. In 27 cases of myocardial infarction their proof was successful only in 4 patients, in complication by a post-myocardial infarction syndrome in 2 out of 3 cases. In comparative investigations of sera of 100 healthy persons only 4 test persons showed a positive result. There was no clue for the identity of one of the antigens proved with C-reactive protein.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The separation of organics from depressives with ability- and personality-based tests.

Previous research has indicated that ability-oriented organicity tests are of limited value in the separation of brain-damaged from schizophrenic patients in psychiatric hospitals. In the present study the capabilities of nine ability test measures and the MMPI Depression scale to differentiate organics from depressives were evaluated. Only six of the nine ts used to evaluate the differences between the two groups were significant at the 0.5 level and, after the samples were levelled for age, education and IQ, the number fell to zero. In contrast, the Depression scale differences were highly significant both before and after levelling. Multiple correlations run to evaluate the use of personality and ability measures in combination showed that they had considerable promise and suggest that the separation of organic from functional psychiatric hospital groups is best achieved by such combinations.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1993

Surgeons' personalities: the influence of medical school.

Does medical school shape surgeons' personalities? This research retrospectively compares personality test results of 17 surgical and 44 non-surgical specialists trained at the same medical school. Fifty-five standardized personality measures at two developmental periods (the outset and the conclusion of medical school) revealed no pronounced differences between surgeons and other specialists. Interviews with 30 academic doctors (10 surgeons, 10 anaesthesiologists and 10 psychiatrists) explore the apparent discrepancy between personality tests scores and commonly held opinions that surgeons' personalities differ from other doctors.

Education, Medical, Undergraduate↗
PubMed2004

Public thresholds for chlorinous flavors in U.S. tap water.

Considering this rapid growth in the purchasing of bottled water and home filtration devices, utilities are increasingly concerned about consumer dissatisfaction with tap water quality. This project aimed to characterize public perceptions of chlorinous flavors in drinking water, and how these impact customers' choices with respect to consumption of tap water alternatives. On-site taste tests at seven water utilities with 30 to 40 panelists at each site, were conducted using a forced-choice triangle test method (ASTM method E679-91) to measure public sensitivity to chlorine and chloramine in drinking water. The chlor(am)ine concentration increased from set to set. The best-estimate sensitivity limit for each panelist was the geometric mean of that concentration at which the last miss occurred and the next (adjacent) higher concentration. The measured sensitivity limit of average American populations to free chlorine (159 persons tested) and chloramine (93 persons tested) in tap water were 0.8 and 3.7 mg/L Cl2, respectively. These thresholds are much higher than those previously reported in the literature using trained FPA panels. No significant differences were observed between tap water users and users of tap water alternatives or between the various markets tested with respect to average sensitivity, though individual sensitivity varied widely.

Community Participation↗