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At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

The impact of mother-child interaction on the development of borderline personality disorder.

OBJECTIVE: Two major psychodynamic theories of the etiology of borderline personality disorder posit two aspects of mother-child interaction as uniquely pathogenic: maternal over-involvement with the child and mismanagement and inappropriateness of maternal guidance and support of the child. This study is an attempt to examine these putative risk factors empirically, using epidemiologic methods. METHOD: Mother-child interaction, father-child interaction, maternal personality, and adolescent diagnoses of personality disorders were measured on two occasions, 2.5 years apart, in a random sample of 776 adolescents. RESULTS: Maternal inconsistency in upbringing of the child predicted a persistence or an emergence of borderline personality disorder, but not of any other axis II disorder. However, this effect occurred only in the presence of high maternal overinvolvement. Neither maternal overinvolvement nor maternal inconsistency alone predicted emergence of borderline personality disorder. Pathological features of maternal personality did not account for the combined effect of maternal overinvolvement and inconsistency on borderline personality disorder. CONCLUSIONS: The two child-rearing risk factors hypothesized to be important by two psychodynamic models of borderline personality disorder were found to be pathogenic only when they coexisted. Their effect could not be accounted for by the biological or environmental vulnerability represented by maternal borderline personality traits.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[The pathology of self-destruction. Personal experience. Clinico-statistical aspects].

Personal experience of 165 cases of attempted suicide observed at the resuscitation centre of the Biella Hospital in the period 1983-1987 is reported. The patients are examined from the point of view of their personal status, job, previous pathologies with particular regard to depressive anxiety syndromes. Particularly noteworthy is the high incidence of mortality among patients who had tried suicide previously.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Personal crisis: growth or pathology?

PURPOSE: The aim of this article is to present an emerging theoretical framework for viewing certain types of personal crises as developmentally healthy rather than as psychopathological. These types of crises are referred to as "spiritual emergence" and "spiritual emergency." SEARCH METHODS USED: Selected literature from psychology, psychiatry, and philosophy is used to describe the new paradigm, which views the development of human consciousness across the life span as going beyond the well-adjusted and productive adult ego. The intent is to introduce this paradigm and some of its implications for further critical consideration by health promotion professionals. It is not the authors' purpose to critically evaluate the relevant theoretical literature in this article. SUMMARY OF IMPORTANT FINDINGS: The new paradigm represents an expanded theory of human development that explicitly recognizes a spiritual dimension in personal growth and health. Within this paradigm, spiritual emergence and spiritual emergency are viewed as signs of transitional, personal growth rather than as symptoms of psychopathology. Accordingly, signs of growth need to be differentiated from symptoms of pathology. The first step in doing this is to contextualize human experience in a larger developmental framework. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS: Health promotion professionals may benefit personally and professionally by being aware of the new developmental paradigm which differentiates spiritual growth from pathological symptoms. Further theoretical clarification and research will be needed before detailed recommendations for practice can be made.

Counseling↗
PubMed1985

The future of histopathology--a personal view.

Pathology in general and histopathology in particular has recently spent some years in the doldrums associated with loss of purpose, direction, enthusiasm and credibility. The historical reasons for this and the reasons for recent emergence from this phase are to be used as a base for identifying needs for the future. As a result of technological advances and acceptance of some philosophical concepts, particularly that functional aspects need to be added to morphological studies, the view is expressed that histopathology should now be able to maintain its regained status as a foremost science in medical laboratory disciplines. These views were shared by Vincent McGovern in private conversation and demonstrated by him in his writings and practice. This written record by a friend is, in all humility and remembrance, dedicated to him.

Cell Biology↗
PubMed2005

Decision making in pathological gambling: a comparison between pathological gamblers, alcohol dependents, persons with Tourette syndrome, and normal controls.

Decision making deficits play an important role in the definition of pathological gambling (PG). However, only few empirical studies are available regarding decision making processes in PG. This study therefore compares decision making processes in PG and normal controls in detail using three decision making tasks examining general performance levels on these tasks as well as feedback processing using reaction time analyses. To investigate the specificity of decision making deficits in PG, a substance dependence group (alcohol dependence; AD) and an impulse control disordered group (Tourette syndrome; TS) were included. The PG group (n = 48), AD group (n = 46), TS group (n = 47), and a normal control (NC) group (n = 49) were administered (1) the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), an ecologically valid gambling task; (2) the Card Playing Task, a task measuring perseveration for reward; and (3) a Go/No-Go discrimination task, a task measuring reward and response cost sensitivity. The PG group showed a diminished performance on all tasks and deficient feedback processing as compared to the NC group on the IGT and the Card Playing Task. In general, performance measures were not associated with levels of comorbidity or with self-reported motivational measures. For the larger part, deficiencies in decision making processes in the PG group were also present in the AD group, but not in the TS group. Subgroup analyses revealed larger decision making deficits in pathological slot machine gamblers than in pathological casino gamblers. Deficits in decision making and feedback processing in PG should be addressed in treatment and incorporated more explicitly in theoretical models of PG.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Dynamic pathology of the heart, a personal odyssey.

As a student of cardiovascular pathology in humans and animals for 35 yr, I am impressed with the new knowledge of the molecular biology, biochemistry, physiology and pharmacology of the heart in health and disease. All of this information creates a dynamic setting for the interpretation of structural findings. Before the advent of open-heart surgery and the cardiac biopsy, pathologists had to rely largely on accumulated autopsy data. Today, a great deal of empiric dogma has given way to good science. In 1962, I met Professor FZ Meerson in his laboratory in the Institute of Normal and Abnormal Physiology, Moscow. He had just characterized the biochemical events leading to myocardial degeneration and cell death in animals with acute aortic constriction (19). His pioneering work provided the basis for understanding the sequential changes in myocytes in the failing heart. These cellular events corresponded to the astute clinical observations made by Osler in 1886. Meerson was enthusiastic about the potential of electron microscopy. However, he was convinced that when we had the techniques to identify and localize in the cardiac muscle cell the key chemical entities associated with changing function, we would rapidly understand pathogenesis leading to new therapies. Today, almost 30 yr later, Meerson's prophetic insights have become a reality. I had assured Meerson that when the tools were available to study the dynamic pathology of the heart, pathologists would lead the way. Dynamic pathology of the heart is a concept since the words are somewhat contradictory. The term serves as a symbol for a state of mind which refuses to interpret cardiovascular pathology in static, histologic words.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Personalized medicine and development of targeted therapies: The upcoming challenge for diagnostic molecular pathology. A review.

Due to continuous technical developments and new insights into the high complexity of many diseases, molecular pathology is a rapidly growing field gaining center stage in the clinical management of tumors as well as in the pharmaceutical development of new anti-cancer drugs. The application of novel compounds in clinical trials has revealed promising results; however, the current diagnostic procedures available for determining which patients will primarily benefit from rational tumor therapy are insufficient. To read a patient's tissue as "deeply" as possible, in the future, gaining information on the morphology and on genetic, proteomic, and epigenetic alterations will be the upcoming task of surgical pathologists experienced in molecular diagnostics to provide the clinicians with information relevant for an individualized medicine. Among the different high-throughput technologies, DNA microarrays are now the first array approach close to enter routine diagnostics. Technically advanced and well-established microarray platforms can nowadays be evaluated by distinct bioinformatic tools capable of identifying both novel genes associated with disease development and clusters of genes predicting clinical outcome of an individual tumor. The automatic, highly parallel analysis of proteins and complex proteins lysates for early detection of cancers such as breast, prostate and ovary as proteomic patterns in the serum also appears at the horizon. In addition, an improved analysis of tumor samples via antibody or reverse-phase protein arrays is likely to provide the pathologist in the future with information about activated oncogenic signaling pathways and other cell functions, such as drug response or the potential to metastasize. While expression microarrays and proteomic analysis rely on relatively unstable material incompatible with paraffin-embedded tissue samples, an investigation of DNA methylation using specialized high-throughput platforms has revealed the potential of being used in future diagnostics. Each of these approaches on its own might not suffice to extract all information required for an efficient individualized diagnostics. Therefore, a "multiplex approach" combining the different biological levels DNA, RNA, and protein, may be necessary to functionally classify malignant tumors. This appears to become a major challenge for diagnostic pathologists.

Drug Design↗
PubMed1984

[Echography of non-lithiasic pathology of the gallbladder. Personal experience].

Ultrasonography offers rich information of the gallbladders wall and its contents. Its high sensibility and specificity depends of the type of pathology. Its impossible to pretend an echographic histologic diagnosis but the sensibility of this method to reveal macroscopic alterations that correspond with anatomic macroscopic pathology is of sufficient hierarchy to induce a precocious surgical exploration. 85 cases of non lithiasis pathology of the gallbladder is presented. They were found in a revision of 2831 hepatobiliary echographic studies. A correlation with surgery and other methods with the ultrasonographic finding is made.

Cholecystography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: clinical pathological review of a personal series.

The Authors report their experience on the management of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). In addition to recent cases immediately diagnosed as GISTs, a pathological review of stored material from non-epithelial tumors of the gastrointestinal tract operated on over the past 20 years was performed. Twenty-three out of a total of 31 cases were shown to be positive for the immunophenotypic characteristics (CD117/CD34) of GISTs. Most cases (approximately 60%) were symptomatic, with hemorrhage being the most common presenting sign, followed by occlusion, pain and perforation. Asymptomatic cases were detected incidentally during procedures for other conditions. Diagnostic techniques (ultrasound, endoscopy, endoscopic ultrasound, X-ray, CT, MRI) allowed only the detection of wall (extraluminal) involvement. Apart from differentiating between benign and malignant, preoperative biopsy was seldom valuable. All cases were treated surgically, with intervention tailored to location and anatomical/surgical and anatomical/pathological features. Long-term follow-up was conducted in all patients and for most is still ongoing: five patients died from recurrent disease at varying intervals after surgery (from 17 to 102 months). Relationships between observed aggressiveness and risk were studied. Parameters that may prove useful for the early detection and appropriate management of these lesions are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

The effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy and cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of personality disorders: a meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The authors conducted a meta-analysis to address the effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy and cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of personality disorders. METHOD: Studies of psychodynamic therapy and cognitive behavior therapy that were published between 1974 and 2001 were collected. Only studies that 1) used standardized methods to diagnose personality disorders, 2) applied reliable and valid instruments for the assessment of outcome, and 3) reported data that allowed calculation of within-group effect sizes or assessment of personality disorder recovery rates were included. Fourteen studies of psychodynamic therapy and 11 studies of cognitive behavior therapy were included. RESULTS: Psychodynamic therapy yielded a large overall effect size (1.46), with effect sizes of 1.08 found for self-report measures and 1.79 for observer-rated measures. For cognitive behavior therapy, the corresponding values were 1.00, 1.20, and 0.87. For more specific measures of personality disorder pathology, a large overall effect size (1.56) was seen for psychodynamic therapy. Two cognitive behavior therapy studies reported significant effects for more specific measures of personality disorder pathology. For psychodynamic therapy, the effect sizes indicate long-term rather than short-term change in personality disorders. CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence that both psychodynamic therapy and cognitive behavior therapy are effective treatments of personality disorders. Since the number of studies that could be included in this meta-analysis was limited, the conclusions that can be drawn are only preliminary. Further studies are necessary that examine specific forms of psychotherapy for specific types of personality disorders and that use measures of core psychopathology. Both longer treatments and follow-up studies should be included.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy↗
PubMed2002

DPOAEs and vestibular function in different types of autosomal-dominant non-syndromal hearing impairment.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: The application of distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) could be advantageous in the early diagnostic of descendants of families with autosomal-dominant non-syndromal hearing impairment (ADNSHI). PATIENTS/METHODS: DP-grams of 58 affected persons of 21 families with ADNSHI were measured (f(2)/f(1)=1.22; L(1)=70 dB SPL; L(2)=65 dB SPL; four points per octave). The mode of transmission was determined by pedigree. The phenotype was determined by pure tone audiometry (PTA) and caloric vestibular test (CVT). RESULTS: We could find 12 families with mild to severe mid-frequency U-shaped ADNSHI, three families with steeply sloping high tone ADNSHI, two families with moderate to severe gently sloping high tone ADNSHI, three families with profound ADNSHI and one family with variable ADNSHI. One family showed an additional vestibular lesion. Fifty-six of 58 affected persons showed pathological DP-grams. In 48 persons (83%) these DP-grams showed distinct similarity within the families, that they could be classified as "ADNSHI-typical" within an affected family. CONCLUSIONS: Affected persons of a family with ADNSHI show similar DP-grams. These DP-grams are useful in the early routine-diagnostics of newborns within such families.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Digital microscopy imaging and new approaches in toxicologic pathology.

Digital microscopy, a comprehensive integration of digital imaging and light microscopy, can assist the pathologist to observe, acquire, record, share, analyze, and manage pathology image data. To lead the activity for establishing new generation digital microscopy capacity, novel concepts and strategies of digital pathology information flow and digital pathology platform were designed to integrate personal digital pathology microscopy workstations and other pathology imaging modalities with centralized data storage/management. In addition, a strategy for Web-enabled interactive telepathology that would permit global capacity was designed. A novel concept of high content pathology was also created to develop an automated tissue microscopy imaging and screening approach. These new concepts, strategies, and approaches guided the development and implementation of a digital pathology platform, a telepathology platform, and automated tissue slide imaging capacity. Digital microscopy photography is now able to replace photographic film in toxicologic pathology. Digital pathology and telepathology platforms can provide a networked environment for multisite, global team participation. Our practice also ascertained the central value of digital microscopy which can provide innovative quantitative pathology information and data mining capability with various imaging biomarkers via advanced digital image processing and pathology informatics; these are now the focus of ongoing development.

Image Enhancement↗
PubMed1976

[Possibilities for a complex of corrected orthogenal systems of electro- and vectorcardiograms and the ergometric bicycle test with loading in the diagnosis of the latent form of ischemic heart disease].

The examination was conducted in 100 patients with a cardiac pain syndrome and a normal ECG at rest. Apart from the routine clinical examination, the patients were subjected to ergometric bycycle tests with recording corrected orthogonal electrocardiogrammes and vectorcardiogrammes. All the examined patients were subdivided into 3 groups with reference to their electrocardiographic response to the exercise: group 1 -- 55 persons with physiological changes, group 2 -- 37 persons with pathological changes, and group 3 -- 8 persons with threshold changes on ECG under the exercise. By comparing the vectorcardiogrammes in group 1 and 2 patients vectorcardiographic criteria pathognomonic for ischaemic heart disease were found. With their help the form of the lesion was established in 2 of the 8 patients with threshold changes on ECG under exercises. The method of combined evaluation of ECG and vectorcardiogrammes under exercises. The method of combined evaluation of ECG and vectorcardiogrammes under exercise tests increases their diagnostic potentials in revealing the latent form of ischaemic heart disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Prevalence and treatment needs of periodontal disease in employees of supermarkets in Japan.

In 1987, a survey was carried out to determine the prevalence and treatment needs of periodontal diseases in 2,684 (997 males and 1,687 females) employees of 57 supermarkets in Japan. The aim of this survey was to obtain fundamental data for planning preventive programs for periodontal diseases in the Japanese population. Most of the subjects showed some signs of periodontal disease. The percentages of persons having pathologic pockets 4 mm or deeper increased with age, and reached about 50% in the 45- to 64-year-olds. The percentage of persons affected was similar between the males and females, but the percentage of persons having pathologic pockets tended to be higher in the males than in the females. These findings indicate that the prevalence of periodontal diseases is extremely high among the Japanese population, and that primary prevention of periodontal disease during school days is required in order to maintain the adults' periodontal health.

Adolescent↗