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At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[NAAGA and cromoglycate. A comparison in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis].

A multicentre double-blind clinical trial comparing two nasal solutions of naaga (magnesium salt of N-acetyl aspartyl glutamic acid-rhinaaxia) and of disodium cromoglycate (LOMUPREN) has been performed on 91 patients suffering from an acute symptomatic seasonal rhinitis treated for 28 days. Nasal, ocular and bronchial symptoms as well as side effects were recorded by the physician at the control visits and daily by the patient in a diary. Haematological parameters, blood chemistry and serum levels of non specific IgE were also measured. The results show: On the whole, there was no significant difference between groups, neither for the global appreciation of the therapeutic effect as assessed by the physician and the patient, nor for the daily evolution of the symptoms based on the patient's daily notebook. Both treatments were very well tolerated. In a selected population with IgE greater than 150 U/ml, there was a significantly better activity of naaga (p less than 0.05) on the disappearance of the ocular symptoms. The nasal symptoms appeared to improve significantly better in the cromoglycate group (p less than 0.05).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Library instruction for medical students during a curriculum elective.

The University of Minnesota Medical School has an innovative curriculum, called Didactic/Selective, which provides third- and fourth-year medical students with multidisciplinary and multispecialty courses. Within this framework, the Bio-Medical Library planned a course to teach the knowledge and skills necessary for library research and information management. It included (1) searching case-related topics in print indexes, (2) formulating and processing MEDLINE searches on BRS Colleague, (3) building a personal file with PC-File or Notebook, and (4) exploring various methods for current awareness. Students' evaluations were positive, with the majority indicating that they found the course interesting and the knowledge gained substantial.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1985

Physical urticaria.

Physical urticarias provide a reproducible model for the study of mediators of inflammation. They also provide a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for the clinician. Patient diaries using a daily notebook or monthly calendar can be useful in assessing triggering factors and frequency of reactions, along with the effects of therapeutic agents and procedures. It is not uncommon to see more than one physical urticaria in the same patient. All physical tests that relate to the patient's symptoms should be performed. Repeat physical testing may also be useful. Except for hereditary forms, there is a tendency for patients to improve spontaneously, although often not for several years. Once the symptoms have been controlled through medication, smaller doses may be sufficient to maintain control. Therefore, an attempt should be made to reduce dosage and thus minimize side effects. Single nightly doses of antihistamines may control urticaria, while minimizing the inconvenience caused by drowsiness. However, the clinician must remember that because the beneficial effect of antihistamines is through competitive inhibition of histamine at the H1 or H2 peripheral receptor level, continuous blood levels of antihistamines must be maintained. The new insights into the pathophysiologic mechanisms of the physical urticarias that continue to be learned will help researchers and clinicians to develop more rational and effective approaches to treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computer program for diagnostic X-ray exposure conversion.

Presented is a computer program designed to convert any given set of exposure factors sequentially into another, yielding either an equivalent photographic density or one increased or decreased by a specifiable proportion. In addition to containing the wherewithal with which to manipulate a set of exposure factors, the facility to print hard (paper) copy is included enabling the results to be pasted into a notebook and used at any time. This program was originally written as an investigative exercise into examining the potential use of computers for practical radiographic purposes as conventionally encountered. At the same time, its possible use as an educational tool was borne in mind. To these ends, the current version of this program may be used as a means whereby exposure factors used in a diagnostic department may be altered to suit a particular requirement or may be used in the school as a mathematical model to describe the behaviour of exposure factors under manipulation without patient exposure.

Computers↗
PubMed1981

Menopausal hot flashes: their cycles and relation to air temperature.

The occurrence of hot flashes was investigated exhaustively in 1 woman. She recorded the clock time of each hot flash in a notebook for 100 days. Fluctuations were circadian and day to day with sawtoothed periodicity. The circadian peak was always between 18 and 21 hours. The circadian nadir and the mean daily rate varied directly with outdoor temperature. The occurrence of hot flashes was not related to internal body temperature, and hence not to environmental heating or cooling of the body. Therefore impulses from temperature receptors altered the rate of formation and release of a hypothetic central nervous system neurohumor that stimulated the hypothalamic heat loss center. This mechanism did not exhibit acclimatization to heat. Comparably thorough studies on more women are needed.

Body Temperature↗
PubMed1995

The diaries of Dr. Samuel Patton Hand 1911-1917. Part I.

Dr. Samuel Patton Hand practiced medicine in Demopolis, Alabama, for many years before his death in 1917. During the last seven years of his life he kept detailed diaries. These diaries have been passed down through the family since his death. These papers review the diaries, which present an intimate look at the life of an Alabama small-town doctor during this period. This first paper deals with the doctor's daily personal and social life, and looks at the transportation in Dr. Hand's day and its effect on his medical practice. The next paper will examine purely medical matters. A third paper will look at excerpts from a notebook or "Pearl book" the doctor kept.

Alabama↗
PubMed1993

Database techniques for biological materials & methods.

The Biological sciences produce an enormous research literature every year. Research papers are highly structured documents whose content is not captured using the traditional techniques of information retrieval: keywords and flat text. This is especially true of the Materials & Methods section of experimental papers. A great deal of highly structured information is packed into this section. It involves logical and temporal sequences of operations that combine and operate on materials using various instruments and depending on many parameters. We are designing and implementing databases that will allow this complex knowledge to be represented, stored in object-oriented databases and retrieved. We are developing an application of this technology called the Laboratory Notebook. This application is a software system that will contain personal laboratory information as well as have access to databases of Materials & Methods sections drawn from the literature.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1994

Prototyping a genetics deductive database.

We are developing a laboratory notebook system known as the Genetics Deductive Database. Currently our prototype provides storage for biological facts and rules with flexible access via an interactive graphical display. We have introduced a formal basis for the representation and reasoning necessary to order genome map data and handle the uncertainty inherent in biological data. We aim to support laboratory activities by introducing an experiment planner into our prototype. The Genetics Deductive Database is built using new database technology which provides an object-oriented conceptual model, a declarative rule language, and a procedural update language. This combination of features allows the implementation of consistency maintenance, automated reasoning, and data verification.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Induction of rules for biological macromolecule crystallization.

X-ray crystallography is the method of choice for determining the 3-D structure of large macromolecules at a high enough resolution. The rate limiting step in structure determination is the crystallization itself. It takes anywhere between a few weeks to several years to obtain macromolecular crystals that yield good diffraction patterns. The theory of forces that promote and maintain crystal growth is preliminary, and crystallographers systematically search a large parameter space of experimental settings to grow good crystals. There is a wealth of experimental data on crystal growth most of which is in paper laboratory notebooks. Some of the data has been gathered in electronic form, e.g., the Biological Macromolecular Crystallization Database (BMCD) which is a repository of successful experimental conditions for growing over 800 different macromolecules (Gilliland 1987). Crystallographers are in need of computational tools to gather and analyze past data to design new crystal growth trails. We are building the Crystallographer's Assistant (CA) to help crystallographers record and maintain experimental context in electronic form, offer suggestions on experimental conditions that are likely to be successful, and provide explanations for failed experiments. As an initial step in this project, we have applied RL, an inductive learning program, to the BMCD. In this paper we report initial experiments and findings in applying RL to the BMCD. From the point of view of crystallography, we have discovered possibly significant new empirical relationships in crystal growth. From the point of view of machine learning, our work suggests refinements of existing methods for incorporating detailed domain knowledge into inductive analysis techniques.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Viewing genome data as objects for application development.

Genomics is becoming a data-intensive science, and an increasing number of laboratories are generating data which swamps storage in traditional paper-and-ink notebooks. Capturing the data flow requires large systems with multiple applications manipulating the same or similar data. Large systems often have conflicting requirements for data representation. Consistency across applications is a prime consideration, and appropriate data representation is an important issue in developing practical systems for molecular biologists. Graphs are a natural representation for describing genome data, while objects are good for modeling the behavior necessary for laboratory applications. We present a method for translating graph descriptions of genome data into objects using objects as views on graphs. Graph representations describe genome concepts while objects capture individual views for application development insuring consistency across genome applications.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed1995

[The Heidelberg Intensive Care Unit Score. Development of a computer-assisted scoring system for documentation of treatment course and assessment of prognosis in surgical intensive care patients].

Existing scoring systems have failed to reflect the pathophysiological changes during ICU therapy, and do not provide reliable criteria for the prediction of outcome in surgical patients. The aim of the present project was to establish a comprehensive scoring system for daily evaluation of physiological parameters and therapeutic interventions in a surgical intensive care unit, and to identify score patterns in the course of ICU treatment to be used for prospective clinical decisions. In a prospective study of 123 consecutive patients who required intensive care for more than two consecutive days we documented 10 physiological parameters and a set of 14 therapeutic interventions on a daily basis over a total of 1274 days. Evaluation of the new scoring system, called the Heidelberg Intensive Ward Score (HDWS), included comparison with APACHE II and a set of unfavorable HDWS-patterns at different time points during ICU treatment. All variables were implemented into a notebook computer to be used at bedside. Neither HDWS nor APACHE II obtained on admission differentiated between survivors and non-survivors. In contrast, scores of non survivors were significantly higher than scores of survivors at day 7. At that point, HDWS was superior to APACHE II with respect to the predictive power as assessed by receiver operator characteristic curves. No patient who fulfilled all four unfavorable HDWS-patterns during the first week of ICU treatment survived (but these were only two patients). We conclude that the limited power of scores obtained on admission to predict outcome in surgical patients may be improved by trend analysis of scores over time which also take into account the patients' response to therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

APACHE↗
PubMed1994

Educating educators in GLP documentation.

Professionals in academia usually are not trained in documenting their research activities to the extent and detail mandated under Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) regulations. To assist researchers at the University of Arizona in implementing a GLP program, the university's Quality Assurance Unit (QAU) has written procedures and checklists detailing various aspects of GLPs. Since a key to the successful implementation of GLPs is comprehensive documentation in laboratory notebooks of research activities, information and guidelines are provided in a checklist format. Training seminars are also provided to discuss the use of the checklists. Checklists in conjunction with training seminars provide an important mechanism to ensure that all appropriate information has been recorded for verifiable, reproducible, and traceable documentation of project study results.

Arizona↗
PubMed1994

Good research practices: a commonsense approach to ensuring quality in research facilities.

This guideline can be a useful tool for assisting and assessing "non-GLP" laboratories in academic and contract settings. This guideline has proven useful in assessing academic and/or contract labs where a final product is needed which would meet FDA expectations for preclinical or clinical research. Because of differing research settings and study types, we apply the standards in a flexible manner. For example, in some settings, the study plan is simply documented in a research notebook as the study unfolds, whereas in other settings a written protocol (which is signed by the principal investigator) is in place prior to study initiation. Additionally, all criteria may not be applicable to every research facility. The focus of this guideline is to ensure that sufficient documentation exists which will allow for study reconstruction and to provide adequate evidence that the raw data generated by the facility are accurate. This guideline is a useful tool for Quality Assurance personnel and can also be used by research personnel in the development of appropriate quality systems for their research environment.

Biological Assay↗
PubMed1994

Drug utilization review on a surgical intensive care unit.

Drug use reviews (DUR) provide information about drug prescription patterns. At the surgical intensive care unit (SICU) of the University Hospital Frankfurt/Main we recorded the indication related administration of blood products and pharmaceuticals (which were responsible for 60% of the total costs at the SICU in the year before) over a 4-month investigation period. Data were recorded and analyzed using a notebook-PC. 207 Patients were included, and recorded total expenditures came to $551,592. The 10 leading substances, represented by antibiotics and blood-products, caused more than 70% of total costs. The usage of these high-cost substances and the most expensive complications are identified and discussed. We concluded that DURs are useful for obtaining information about drug usage patterns and for identifying high cost drugs, which are of economic interest. Furthermore, the indications for the application of these substances can be identified. Our results suggest, that blood and blood-products should always be included in DURs. In our opinion, especially the usage of blood-products represents a field where considerable cost savings may be expected. As certain complications during the postoperative course (e.g. sepsis) may increase costs, they should be considered in the reimbursement negotiations between hospitals and health insurance.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

A pen-based system to support pre-operative data collection within an anaesthesia department.

This paper describes the design and implementation of a pen-based computer system for remote preoperative data collection. The system is envisaged to be used by anaesthesia staff at different hospital scenarios where pre-operative data are generated. Pen-based technology offers important advantages in terms of portability and human-computer interaction, as direct manipulation interfaces by direct pointing, and "notebook user interfaces metaphors". Being the human factors analysis and user interface design a vital stage to achieve the appropriate user acceptability, a methodology that integrates the "usability" evaluation from the earlier development stages was used. Additionally, the selection of a pen-based computer system as a portable device to be used by health care personnel allows to evaluate the appropriateness of this new technology for remote data collection within the hospital environment. The work presented is currently being realised under the Research Project "TANIT: Telematics in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care", within the "A.I.M.--Telematics in Health CARE" European Research Program.

Anesthesia Department, Hospital↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Economy of coupons: its application to a program of weight reduction in adolescents].

The results obtained in a group of 12 obese adolescents are reported. They were managed following a motivational system called economy of coupons with the purpose of obtaining a drop in the overweight they showed. The study was divided into three stages: A, B and C. Only stage B included the experimental variable (economy of coupons). The patients kept a notebook with daily records of weight, diet and physical exercise to be evaluated by the research workers. If they reached the goals set for them, they were given strengthening stimuli to support such activity. From the analysis of the group for the body weight and its statistic comparison, it was found that in the A - B interaction, the "p" level was significant in the weight loss. In the B - C interaction, the value for "p" was less than 0.05 in relation to the ponderal increment and in A - C interaction, there was no significance. From this study, the evidence showed that results of A - C interaction were poor and therefore, rehabilitation was not obtained. From the above results, the inclusion of a fourth stage is suggested for further studies where the application of economy of coupons would gradually disappear until a desired behavior is maintained.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Implementation of a clinical workstation for general practice.

It is now well recognized that achieving international best practice in the primary health sector will require the development of methods based on a fundamental integration of communications and information technologies with clinical practice. This will have far reaching effects, both on the pattern of medical practice and domiciliary care and on patient outcomes. In the past, information and communications technology has been presented as a tool for management, rather than as a tool for supporting, improving, and making more efficient the professional practice of medicine and the delivery of health care to the patient and the community. In this paper, we propose that an essential element for the achievement of international best practice in the health sector is the development and widespread use of information, measurement, and communications technology targeted towards the clinical practice of medicine, the provision of health services and domiciliary care in the community, and the analysis of morbidity patterns and health care outcomes. A key element of this strategy is the development of an integrated Clinical Workstation specifically designed for the general practitioner, practice nurses, and domiciliary care nurses in their professional tasks of measurement, diagnosis, management, and delivery of health care to the community. We will present our work on the design of an integrated Clinical Workstation for Primary Health Care. The Workstation is Windows based, has a sophisticated user interface, and supports a wide range of computing platforms, from desktop to laptop to hand-held notebook computers. The Workstation will be modular and expandable, both in its software and hardware components, so that users may select only those modules appropriate to their own roles, clinical practice, and levels of expertise. The design will focus on the provision of clinical services and will integrate the following key components: Patient records and basic practice management; Clinical records. Based on ICD10, ICPC, or Read Code classifications; Clinical measurements. Blood pressure, spirometry, ECG, and basic hematology and biochemistry; Clinical decision support. Based on epidemiologic data, protocols, and medical expert systems; Domiciliary care and evaluation of the functional health status of the elderly; Communications and networks. Wireless LAN, modem, and fax; Clinical reporting. Morbidity profiles prescribing profiles, and laboratory services and procedures. Implementation of these requirements will ultimately take the form of an untethered, portable notepad computer supporting a communications link via modem, LAN, or wireless LAN, and removable instrumentation and clinical measurement modules.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1996

Cognitive-behavioral therapy and treatment for late-life depression.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy is a brief psychotherapy stemming from a model that emphasizes the importance of distorted thoughts and the lack of pleasurable activities in the development of affective disorders. The focus of the therapy can be on either eliminating distorted thought systems or increasing the number of pleasant events that occur on a daily basis, or both. The highly structured therapy presents various skills for patients to learn through class exercises and homework assignments. Older adults respond well to cognitive-behavioral therapy, reporting that they appreciate the structure and the opportunity to learn skills that can help when they are confronted with new stresses. Many also like the focus on here-and-now problems rather than the past. A few treatment modifications are necessary to accommodate community elders complaining of depression. Generally, information must be presented more slowly, taking advantage of multiple modes of presentation. To maintain an active learning process, elder patients should be asked frequently to summarize the material being presented. They should also be given handouts of complex materials and encouraged to maintain notebooks. Other modifications may be required for special populations of older patients.

Age Factors↗