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At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Social tension--a factor in conversion. Case report].

Presented is a case of a girl of Albanian nationality, an adolescent, one of the ill in the group of "mass poisoned" in Kosovo, at the beginning of 1990. The up to then, completely healthy girl had repeated crises of the same type four times, with functional disorders. She was hospitalized at the request of her father in Novi Sad, at the Institute for Neurology and Psychiatry of the Developmental Age. The somatic and laboratory findings were within the average limits. The psychological tests indicated a person prone to conversive reacting in situations which she does not succeed to process emotionally in an adequate manner. Such a personality structure had the role of inducing a conversive atmosphere in the immediate school environment. The presented case has suggested that a low level of general culture and expected school knowledge primarily creates favorable grounds for massive hysterical occurrences.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Criteria for excluding toxicopy diagnosis].

Toxicopy is an exclusion diagnosis, which means that all other possible explanations or triggering mechanisms must be reliably shown not to be responsible for the condition presenting. The following causes in particular must be excluded before toxicopy is diagnosed: exposure to one or more substances at concentrations known to be noxious to health, cumulative and synergistic effects of several substances, sensitisation of the patient involved, hormesis, measuring errors or inappropriate methods of analysis that are not capable of identifying substance concentrations that might be noxious to health.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1989

Identification of (22R)-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,22- and (23R)-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,23-tetrahydroxy-5 beta-cholestanoic acids in urine from a patient with Zellweger's syndrome.

The nature of two novel C27 bile acids present as the taurine conjugates in urine from a patient with Zellweger's syndrome was studied. Bile acids conjugated with taurine were isolated from unconjugated and glycine-conjugated bile acids by means of ion-exchange chromatography. After alkaline hydrolysis of the taurine conjugates, the hydrolysate was acidified and extracted with ether; the extract was again subjected to ion-exchange chromatography to separate neutral from acidic compounds. The neutral fraction, which consisted mainly of two steroidal lactones, was treated with lithium aluminum hydride, and the reduction products were identified as (22R)-5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,22,26-pentol and (23R)-5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,23,26-pentol by direct comparison of their gas-liquid chromatographic behaviors and mass spectral data with those of chemically synthesized authentic samples. Thus, the chemical structure of two native bile acids present in urine from a patient with Zellweger's syndrome should be formulated as (22R)-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,22-tetrahydroxy-5 beta-cholestanoic acid and (23R)-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,12 alpha,23-tetrahydroxy-5 beta-cholestanoic acid, respectively.

Cholestanols↗
PubMed1989

[Festival injuries. Injury patterns at the Midtfyn Music Festival in 1988].

A first-aid station was established at the Midtfyn Music Festival in 1988. A total of 174 patients were treated. The diseases and casualties are described according to numbers, distribution, course and causes. Orthopaedic casualties constituted approximately 60%, sprains, infections, contusions and open wounds being the commonest. Respiratory diseases were the commonest conditions among the non-orthopaedic conditions. Treatment could be completed in approximately 60% of the cases. Most of the casualties were caused by broken glass, deliberate violence or failure to comply with maintenance medication. Various suggestions are made to reduce the number of casualties.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Adolescent gangs in the hospital.

Gang formation is common among adolescents, and the sociological dynamics of this phenomenon have been studied in depth. However, gang formation on mental health treatment units has not been extensively addressed. In this setting, gang members may disrupt treatment, threaten the safety of patients and staff, and leave the facility without receiving effective treatment. This impact motivated the authors to look beyond psychoanalytic and sociological models for an explanation of this phenomenon. After reviewing the literature and describing gang formation in a hospital, they apply a paradigm of moral development theory and suggest therapeutic interventions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Epidemic of "shocks" in telephone operators: lessons for the medical community.

In January 1986 two brief power failures occurring within an hour of each other affected the operation of visual display terminals in a section of the Manitoba Telephone System. After the power failures three operators reported an alarming tingling sensation in their arms and one side of their body, which they called "shocks". Other operators then began to report incidents of numbness and tingling in their limbs, face or head as well as other, diffuse symptoms. During the next 2 weeks 92 such incidents were reported by 55 operators. The media carried alarming headlines, and medical practitioners perpetuated the label of "electric shock". Despite extensive investigation, which revealed no electrical fault, the section was closed by the regulatory authority, and an independent medical panel was convened to review the findings. The panel concluded that there was no immediate hazard to life or health and recommended continued workplace assessment and follow-up of affected operators; however, because the panel lacked electrical engineering expertise, uncertainty persisted as to the cause of the events. The reports of incidents persisted, peaking in association with continued rumours of diagnoses of "nerve damage". In the fall of 1987 a multidisciplinary committee ruled out as causative factors all known hazards other than electrostatic shock and occupational stress. This costly and lengthy investigation underlines the danger in regarding collective stress reaction as a diagnosis of exclusion. It highlights the need to scrutinize objective evidence before validating potentially unfounded concerns and underlines the desirability of considering the psychosocial effects of technology and regimented tasks.

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMed1987

[Theory of mass madness. Epilogue of the Research Program on Psychiatric Epidemiology of the National Council of Scientific and Technical Research].

This "Metaphysics of Madness" appears as a "sinister mirror of madness", and the madman as a victim of the violence of his conflicts. This has come to reinforce the "tragic" anthropology which was already latent in the ancient pests, in the battles, in the mass suicides. An effort was made to determine the space where madness operates in our cultural context by means of an internationally guaranteed survey of symptoms. The analysis of madness lays out hermeneutics of multiple levels through which the most profound and conflictive structures of our culture become visible. Even if madness is principally entered upon as a psychiatric category, it presents a similar incidence as a category of cultural anthropology, it being necessary to add besides its importance as a literary category, the deciphering of the psychotic discourse as a linguistic category, the necessity of a sociological contextualization and its foundation on philosophic and even theological categories. Madness as a category of the spirit is the daring effort of understanding its liberation "in this deceit of destiny which fools it as to a liberty it has not conquered". After a consideration of texts of two decisive figures related to the philosophic history of madness--Kant and Hegel--the important position of Ludwig Binswanger and his conception of the Ideenflucht (flight of ideas) in the history of psychiatry is brought out. Finally, the theory of the madness of the masses (Massenwahntheorie) stated by Broch--a double madness, of fragmentation, on the one hand, and of aberration and paranoia of power, on the other--shows a universally valid analysis in which the particular, recurrent tragic model of our culture inscribes itself. This model is to be identified with Massenwahntheorie VII, i.e., as a prolongation of the prodigious work carried out by Broch.

Anthropology, Cultural↗
PubMed1988

Group formation and ideology. Text and context.

The relationship between the phenomenon of 'mass formation' (Massenbildung) and the production and circulation of ideologies is examined. The explanation of the said relationship must take into account both the social dimension as well as the intrapsychic structure of the ideological. To achieve this a brief review of Freud's ideas on group psychology and of some definitions of ideology, namely those proposed by Ricoeur, Althusser and Habermas is expounded. In the same way as the understanding of the vicissitudes of identification is crucial to gain insight into 'mass formation', the investigation of the processes of idealization is vital to the understanding of the ideological.

Dominance-Subordination↗