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At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Involvement of outer membrane protein TolC, a possible member of the mar-sox regulon, in maintenance and improvement of organic solvent tolerance of Escherichia coli K-12.

Escherichia coli mutants with improved organic solvent tolerance levels showed high levels of outer membrane protein TolC and inner membrane protein AcrA. The TolC level was regulated positively by MarA, Rob, or SoxS. A possible mar-rob-sox box sequence was found upstream of the tolC gene. These findings suggest that tolC is a member of the mar-sox regulon responsive to stress conditions. When a defective tolC gene was transferred to n-hexane- or cyclohexane-tolerant strains by P1 transduction, the organic solvent tolerance level was lowered dramatically to the decane-tolerant and nonane-sensitive level. The tolerance level was restored by transformation of the transductants with a wild-type tolC gene. Therefore, it is evident that TolC is essential for E. coli to maintain organic solvent tolerance.

Alkanes↗
PubMed1997

Presence of Turner stigmata in a case of dysgenetic male pseudohermaphroditism with 45,X/46,X+mar karyotype.

A case is reported of dysgenetic male pseudohermaphroditism (DMPH) having Turner stigmata and 45,X/46,X+mar karyotype. The marker chromosome of this patient consisted of most if not all of the short arm, including the sex determining region of the Y chromosome. Although this karyotype is relatively common in Turner's syndrome and occasionally observed in mixed gonadal dysgenesis, DMPH is usually exemplified by a 46,XY karyotype except for one patient reported with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism. Turner stigmata have not previously been reported in DMPH. The present patient is an intermediate case between mixed gonodal dysgenesis and typical DMPH, and this indicates that 45,X/ 46,X +mar karyotype abnormality can result in a wide range of phenotype such as DMPH, mixed gonodal dysgenesis and Turner's syndrome.

Disorders of Sex Development↗
PubMed2006

Molecular adsorbent recirculating system (MARS) application in liver failure: clinical and hemodepurative results in 22 patients.

PURPOSE: Acute liver failure (ALF) and acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) still show a poor prognosis. MARS was used in 22 patients with ALF or ACLF to prolong patient survival for liver function recovery or as a bridge to transplantation. DESIGN: Evaluation of depurative efficiency, biocompatibility, hemodynamics, encephalopathy (HE) and clinical outcome. PROCEDURES: During 71 five-hour sessions we evaluated (0', 60', 120', 180', 240', 300'): bilirubin, ammonia, cholic acid (CCA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CCDCA), leukocytes, platelets, hemoglobin and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Serum creatinine, electrolytes, cardiac output, cardiac index (bioimpedence) and HE (West Haven Criteria score) were evaluated at 0' and 300'. STATISTICAL METHODS AND OUTCOME MEASURES: Student's t-test for pre- vs. end-session values was used. For bilirubin and ammonia the correlation test was made between pre- and end-session values and between pre-session values and removal rates (RRS). MAIN FINDINGS: Survival was 90.9% at 7 days, 40.9% at 30 days. Pre- vs. end-session: bilirubin from 37.2 +/- 12.5 mg/dL to 24.9 +/- 8.9 mg/dL (p < 0.01), ammonia from 88.0 +/- 60.4 micromol/L to 43.6 +/- 32.9 micromol/L (p < 0.01), CCA from 42.8 +/- 21.0 micromol/L 18.2 +/- 9.8 micromol/L (p < 0.01), CCDCA from 26.3 +/- 6.3 micromol/L to 15.7+/-7.6 micromol/L (p<0.01). The correlation test between pre-session values of bilirubin and ammonia vs. RR S was respectively 0.32 (p = 0.01) and 0.30 (p = 0.04). Leukocytes, platelets and hemoglobin remained stable. MAP increased from 82.0 +/- 12.0 mmHg to 87.0 +/- 13.0 mmHg (p < 0.05), West Haven Criteria score decreased from 2.7 +/- 0.7 to 0.7 +/- 0.7 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: MARS treatment led in all patients to an improvement of clinical, hemodynamic and neurological conditions, with significant reduction in the hepatic toxins blood level. Treatment biocompatibility and tolerance were satisfactory.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed2006

The Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System (MARS) in the intensive care unit: a rescue therapy for patients with hepatic failure.

Treatment in the intensive care unit of patients with end-stage liver disease has been limited. Liver transplantation has been a major improvement in this and has become standard in the management of these patients. However, many patients die awaiting liver transplantation, mainly due to the scarcity of organ donors. Conventional hemodialysis techniques have little or no effect on liver detoxification and do not improve the prognosis of these patients. In patients with acute hepatic failure, the majority of endogenous toxins leading to organ failure and accumulating in the blood are bound to albumin; therefore, the concept of albumin dialysis is of major interest. To date, the most widely developed system has been the Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System (MARS), which is based on the selective removal of albumin-bound toxins from the blood. MARS enables simultaneous liver and kidney detoxification, improving the patient's clinical condition. It is a major improvement in the management of patients with hepatic failure that could permit, when appropriately indicated, recovery from an acute episode and enhance the chances of survival while waiting for an available organ donor.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

Measuring methane and its isotopes 12CH4, 13CH4, and CH3D on the surface of Mars with in situ laser spectroscopy.

In light of the recent discovery of methane on Mars and its possible biological origin, a strategy is described for making in situ measurements of methane and its isotopes on the surface of Mars by laser spectroscopy in the 3.3-microm wavelength region. An instrument of reasonable mass (approximately 1 lb) and power (few watts) is capable of measuring mixing ratios down to 0.1 part per 10(9) by volume, a hundred times lower than recently reported observations. Making accurate measurements of 13CH4 and CH3D will be more difficult. For measuring delta13C to 10/1000 and deltaD to 50/1000, sample preconcentration will be required to approximately 3 parts per 10(6) by volume for delta13C and to approximately 40 parts per 10(6) by volume for deltaD. This need would be mitigated by the discovery of larger local abundances of methane near the source regions.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Endemic and threatened tetrapods in the restingas of the biodiversity corridors of Serra do Mar and of the Central da Mata Atlântica in eastern Brazil.

Biodiversity corridors comprise a mosaic of land uses connecting fragments of natural forest across a landscape. Two such corridors have been established along the eastern coast of Brazil: the Serra do Mar and the Central da Mata Atlântica corridors, along which most of the coastal plains are restinga areas. In this study, we analyze the present status of the endemic and endangered terrestrial vertebrates of both corridors. We sampled 10 restingas in both corridors, recording species of amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Some restingas harbor a relatively large number of endemic species,and two main regions of endemism can be identified along the restingas of both corridors: the coastal restingas from northern Espirito Santo State to southern Bahia State (between Linhares, ES, and Tarancoso, BA), and the coastal region between the restingas of Maricá and Jurubatiba, Rio de Janeiro State. Six species of terrestrial vertebrates considered threatened with extinction are found in the restingas of Serra do Mar and Central da Mata Atlântica biodiversity corridors (Liolaemus lutzae, Formicivora littoralis, Mimus gilvus, Schistochlamys melanopis, and Trinomys eliasi). The region located between the restinga of Maricá and that of Jurubatiba is of special relevance for the conservation of vertebrate species of the restingas of the corridors because a considerable number of threatened species of terrestrial vertebrates are found there. We strongly recommend efforts to develop checklists of threatened faunas for the States of Espirito Santo and Bahia.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Origin and roles of nuclear matrix proteins. Specific functions of the MAR-binding protein MeCP2/ARBP.

HnRNP proteins are the major protein components of the nuclear matrix, and sites of nascent transcripts and RNA maturation are its main sources. The evidence for and the roles of functional and structural loops in interphase chromatin and metaphase chromosomes is discussed. Recent data suggest a specific role for the matrix attachment region (MAR)- and methyl-CpG-binding protein MeCP2/ARBP. This repressor protein binds to MARs and, through interaction with mSin3A, recruits a corepressor complex containing histone deacetylases. This in turn is thought to generate a localized silenced chromatin structure. Transfection experiments are presented in support of this model.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

A 15-year-old girl with pubertal masculinization due to bilateral gonadoblastoma and 45,X/46,X,+mar karyotype.

We report the case of a 15-year-old girl with bilateral gonadoblastoma and 45,X/46,X,+mar karyotype. She was short but had no other stigmata of Turner syndrome. Her genitalia were completely of the female type until she began to show signs of masculinization at age 13 years. She had breasts of Tanner stage 4, primary amenorrhea, clitoromegaly, hirsutism and low voice. Plasma testosterone level was elevated and returned to normal after the successful removal of the bilateral gonadoblastoma. Her karyotype was 45,X/46,X,+mar and it was proved that the marker chromosome was derived from the short arm of the Y chromosome by Southern blot analysis with a Y chromosome specific probe, pDP1007. Even when there are no stigmata of Turner syndrome or signs of intrauterine virilization, the possibility of gonadoblastoma should not be ruled out in girls who show postnatal virilization.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Efficiency of dialysis with albumin in the treatment of patients with advanced hepatic insufficiency: initial experience with the MARS system in Spain].

During liver failure there is an accumulation of toxic substances secondary to the loss of liver function. In order to eliminate these substances various extracorporeal depuration therapies have been employed. Recently, we have used a new treatment, MARS (Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System), in 3 patients diagnosed with severe liver failure. This system consists of an albumin rich (20%) dialysate circuit, with two areas of depuration. In one area, the albumin dialysate is in contact with blood through a high-flux albumin coated membrane, where albumin bound substances are eliminated. In the other area, the albumin dialysate is in contact with a standard bicarbonate dialysate through a low-flux membrane, which permits the elimination of water soluble substances. The albumin of the circuit is continuously regenerated through charcoal and ion exchanger filters. In order to determine those liver failure patients suitable to receive MARS therapy we established several inclusion criteria. All patients underwent a complete clinical and biochemical evaluation before and after each treatment. All of them showed an improvement of their clinical (attenuation of pruritus and encephalopathy) and biochemical (decrease of bilirubin levels) parameters. During the period of treatment 2 patients developed an increase in plasma creatinine levels together with a decrease of urinary volume. There were no hemodynamic or technical complications during the treatment. These promising results deserve further controlled studies large enough to permit confirmation.

Adsorption↗
PubMed2002

Successful application of MARS therapy in a 7 year-old patient with hepatic chronic rejection and severe cholestatic syndrome.

Liver transplant currently represents the therapeutic method for irreversible acute and chronic liver diseases without any other available therapy. In some cases, before or after liver transplantation, it is necessary to replace the functions of the liver. We report the case of a 7 year-old female patient with type I glycogenosis who was transplanted in July 2001 using living-related donor transplantation and who developed chronic rejection two months later. In this case, we used MARS (Molecular Adsorbents Recirculating System) detoxification therapy to optimise the patient's clinical and biological status and to create a bridge that allowed the patient's survival until retransplantation was available. The therapy was well tolerated, with no major incidents. We noted favourable clinical effects and significant improvement in serum bilirubin level, urea nitrogen level and serum creatinine level. We consider that MARS treatment is a temporary solution for patients with acute and acute-on-chronic liver failure, indicated in those cases with real chances of recovery of the hepatic functions or in patients on the liver transplantation waiting list.

Child↗
PubMed2003

Sources and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments from the Mar Piccolo of Taranto, Ionian Sea, southern Italy.

The concentrations of 17 parent PAHs, with molecular weight from 128 to 278 Daltons, were determined in surface sediments from the Mar Piccolo of Taranto. The analytical results were compared with the published results for other coastal areas of the Mediterranean Sea. The analyses were performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Total PAH content in sediments ranged from 380 to 12750 ng g(-1) dry weight. The levels of the PAHs was higher than the one reported for sediments of the Adriatic Sea and Cretan Sea and of the same order of magnitude of the one known for coastal areas of the western and the eastern Mediterranean Sea. The PAHs distribution showed similar patterns in all sediments analyzed, with compounds with three or more rings. These patterns of distribution and the ratios among low molecular weight PAHs/high molecular weight PAHs, phenanthrene/anthracene and fluoranthene/pyrene indicated that pyrogenic inputs are the main source of these compounds in the Mar Piccolo basin. Based on the comparison of both the individual and the total PAH concentrations with proposed sediment quality guidelines, the acute biological effects on the marine organisms should be negligible.

Environmental Monitoring↗
PubMed2003

[Liver dialysis using MARS in acute hepatic failure. Promising results in a pilot setting].

Acute hepatic failure (AHF) is a life threatening condition with a high mortality rate. There is a need to buy time, either waiting for the liver to regenerate or waiting for urgent liver transplantation. Different modalities of "liver dialysis" have been used during the last decades but of no true success. However, a new technique has been developed called the MARS (Molecular Adsorbent Recycling System) built upon the same principle as haemodialysis but with the capacity to also remove albumin bound compounds thought to be toxic to the liver. This is a report of our ten first cases, all having AHF and considered for liver transplantation. The survival rate was 7/10 and of the 5 patients in need of 5 or more treatments all but one survived. In these cases the MARS-treatment seemed to have positive effects on the course and outcome of the disease but there are a need for controlled trials to clearly prove the benefit of the treatment.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anemia management and treatment response in patients on hemodialysis: the MAR study.

BACKGROUND: Anemia management guidelines describe the importance of anemia as a risk factor in hemodialysis and the need for clinical prospective studies focused on this role of anemia. Response to treatment with iron and epoetin is multifactorial, and results are still far from the targets set by the guidelines. The Morbidity and Mortality Anemia Renal study (MAR) is a multicenter prospective cohort study of hemodialysis (HD), designed to assess the burden of anemia on morbidity and mortality. We report here a cross-sectional analysis of the management of anemia, and response-to-treatment factors. METHODS: A total of 1,710 patients were included (60% male, mean age 64.4 +/- 13.6 years, mean 16.2 +/- 11.1 months on HD) with a high comorbidity (hypertension 75.8%, diabetes 25.9%, heart failure 13.9% and coronary disease 16.7%) and a mean Charlson Index of 6.5 +/- 2.3. RESULTS: There were 28.7% of patients who had started epoetin before end-stage renal disease (pre-ESRD), 81.4% of patients displayed Hb <11 g/dL when initiating HD with a mean Hb of 9.7 g/dL. Only 67.9% of prevalent HD patients attained a hemoglobin (Hb) level above 11 g/dL, 89.5% achieved a ferritin level above 100 ng/mL, 76.7% a transferrin saturation index (TSI) above 20%, and 61.1% met all 3 objectives. The multivariate analysis identified the following risk factors for Hb <11g/dL: low albumin (odds ratio, OR = 1.75), HD efficacy below objectives (OR = 1.44) and female sex (OR = 1.36), corrected for comorbidity, epoetin treatment, transfusion, surgery or hospital admission. CONCLUSIONS: As compared with previous surveys, we found an improved but still inadequate anemia management in Spanish HD patients. Our results are comparable with those of Euro-DOPPS. Several modifiable factors related to a lower Hb concentration were assessed. On behalf of the MAR Study Group.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

[Bacterial fluctuations in the recreational waters of the Mar del Plata area].

In the period comprised between 1981 and 1983, a study was carried out in relation with the bacteriological quality of the sea water used for recreational purposes. Beaches are situated along 35 km of coast, including Mar Chiquita and Gral. Pueyrredón Departments. The principal pollution focus is the city of Mar del Plata which, like many other big cities, overturns its industrial, rainy and urban sewer liquids to the sea, with no previous treatment, in most of the cases. The effluent open sewer, situated in the north suburban district, drives into the sea the content of three maximum sewers that recollect domiciliary branches. To determine quali and quantitatively heterotrophic aerobic mesophilic, psicrophilic, marine and E. coli bacteria, water samples were taken at 0.30 m depth, behind the shoal, in each of the 17 determined stations (Figure 1), and an enumeration of colonies in agar plate was carried out in duplicate. E. coli was used as indicator of fecal contamination and served to establish the quality of the water used in bath and other recreational functions. The quantification was done by recounts in plates or membrane filter methods, in duplicate, with previous revivification. Serology of strains isolated from marine medium by polyvalent sera was done. Independently of the recount obtained, the distribution of serological groups was rather uniform along all the coast. Colony-forming units (CFU) did not exceed values of 240/100 ml, except in the beach situated at 0.5 km of the effluent, which always gave values above those accepted internationally for bathing waters or other recreational uses (Figure 2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Argentina↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Origin of the oxygen detected by the Viking stations in an analysis of Mars soil].

Reactions between the mineral limonite and hydrogen peroxide were studied and gases produced thereupon were analysed by gas chromatography. Oxygen did not evolve if limonite was added to hydrogen peroxide frozen at a temperature of dry ice. However, at room temperature, a vigorous chemical reaction occurred and a large amount of oxygen evolved. Apparently, the ground of Mars contains not only hydrated iron oxides but also frozen hydrogen peroxide whose thawing in the incubation chamber of Viking resulted in its catalytic degradation under the action of iron ions. The evidence thus obtained and its comparison with the data of American scientists account for considerable evolution of oxygen detected by Viking upon analysis of the Mars ground.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMedDate not supplied

MARS--multiple automated robotic synthesizer for continuous flow of peptides.

We have designed and constructed a multiple automated robotic synthesizer, the MARS. Its novel timing procedure for handling multiple synthetic tasks eliminates unnecessary respite time by keeping the robotic arm in continuous operation. Polypropylene syringes equipped at the bottom with polypropylene frits serve as physically independent reaction vessels. All operations are performed by the robotic arm, which is equipped with a specially designed gripper to hold a syringe and to aspirate and dispense liquid. Typically, the MARS synthesizes concurrently 5 to 15 peptides of different length, and once one peptide is finished it automatically starts the synthesis of the next peptide in the queue, assuring a continuous flow of peptides.

Automation↗
PubMed1991

[Sexually transmitted diseases: notification in Chile, in the V region and in the Vinã Del Mar-Quillota health service (1977-1988)].

Reports of sexually transmitted diseases in the Vth Region of Chile from 1977 to 1988 were analyzed and compared to nationwide reports and to figures for the Viña del Mar-Quillota area. Overall rates of syphilis decreased during the period. In contrast both number of cases and risk of disease increased for gonorrhoea. Risk of syphilis and gonorrhoea was highest in the Vth Region. HIV infection is increasing, especially in the area covered by the Health Service in Viña del Mar-Quillota. Sexually transmitted diseases not subject to reports were screened along with routine examinations for cancer of the cervix. Infection rates of 9.9% for trichomona and 1.09% for candida were thus detected.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1995

Amino acid racemization on Mars: implications for the preservation of biomolecules from an extinct martian biota.

Using kinetic data, we have estimated the racemization half-lives and times for total racemization of amino acids under conditions relevant to the surface of Mars. Amino acids from an extinct martian biota maintained in a dry, cold (<250 K) environment would not have racemized significantly over the lifetime of the planet. Racemization would have taken place in environments where liquid water was present even for time periods of only a few million years following biotic extinction. The best preservation of both amino acid homochirality and nucleic acid genetic information associated with extinct martian life would be in the polar regions.

Amino Acids↗