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PubMed1978

Matthew.

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Deafness↗
PubMed1981

Visual and "phonetic" coding of movement: evidence from American sign language.

Hearing subjects unfamiliar with American Sign Language and deaf native signers made triadic comparisons of movements of the hands and arms isolated from American Sign Language. Clustering and scaling of subjects' judgments revealed different psychological representations of movement form for deaf and hearing observers. Linguistically relevant dimensions acquired modified salience for users of a visual-gestural language. The data indicate that the modification of natural perceptual categories after language acquisition is not bound to a particular transmission modality, but rather can be a more general consequence of acquiring a formal linguistic system.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

Use of common morphemes by hearing-impaired children exposed to a system of manual English.

Severely hearing-impaired children (11 boys, 9 girls), whose educational procedures included the use of Seeing Essential English (SEE) were given an experimental task designed to test their use of 8 common inflectional morphemes: plural /s/, possessive /s/, present tense singular /s/, past tense /ed/, present progressive /ing/, adjectival and adverbial /ly/, comparative /er/, and superlative /est/. Each child read 20 sentences composed of primer and first grade level words, and circled 1 of 4 word choices to fill in a missing word in each sentence. All 4 word choices had the same root. Responses were analyzed relative to chronological age, sex, degree of hearing loss, duration of exposure to SEE, reading level, and consistency of teacher usage of SEE. Performance appeared to be most dependent on sex, reading level, and teacher consistency. Although these factors were confounded, results indicate that teacher consistency in usage of SEE may be the major determiner of performance on the task.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

Peer-facilitated sign language training for a geriatric stroke victim with chronic brain damage.

The possibility of sign language training for a psycho-geriatric, aphasic, brain damaged patient was investigated over a 66-week period. Training progressed from finger dexterity tasks, physical manipulation of the patient's hand, and visual prompting to requests for a particular sign without supplementary cues. Midway through the program a peer was included in an effort to generalize the use of sign to others on the ward. The patient learned 14 signs. Data on sign language usage and social behaviors taken during three measurement periods indicate that, when the peer was present during training, performance was highest and there was an increase in the patient's level of socialization as measured by eye contact, gestures, and attempted speech. Retention of the signs and increased social responsivity were still observed two and four months after the termination of the program.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Logographic reading by TMR adults.

Ten moderately retarded adults learned a set of 16 logographic signs. Subjects were asked to demonstrate sentences formed from the signs using dolls and other toys. They were also asked to pick out signs and form a sentence after watching the experimenter demonstrate an event. All subjects were able to demonstrate sentences with only minor errors. Only about half were completely successful in constructing four- and five-word sentences. The method of construction of most subjects revealed a semantic--syntactic disengagement; the signs were chosen in nonsentence order, apparently in order of salience of the referents. After collecting the signs, most subjects were able to put them in correct sentence order. The results support the feasibility of a logographic system for nonreading retarded adults.

Adult↗