Results for “MICROMONOSPORA” — Page 27

PubMed2004

[Study on actinomycetes population of alpine meadow soil in Qinghai].

Soil samples were collected from six kinds of soil in Haibei alpine meadow ecosystem during 2001 - 2002. More than 300 strains of actinomycete were isolated by five agar media. On the basis of morphological characteristics and some chemotaxonomic properties, the isolated strains were classified into different genera, such as Micromonospora, Nocardia, Saccharopolyspora, Promicromonospora, Streptomyces, and the Streptomyces strains were classified into seven groups. The result indicated that the biodiversity of actinomycetes in different soils and the actinomycetes abundance of different kinds showed significant differences. The activities of some enzymes produced by mesophilic and psychrophilic actinomycetes also discussed in this paper. It is found that many strains of streptomyces not only have some enzyme activities such as starch decomposition, nitrate deoxidization, gelatin utilization etc., but also have some inhibiting activities for fungi and bacteria offered to test, whereas the rare actinomyces showed low positive rate of enzyme activities and inhibiting activities for fungi and bacteria.

Actinobacteria↗

PubMed2005

[16S rDNA-RFLP analysis of actinomycetes associated with marine sponge Hymeniacidon perleve].

106 culturable symbiotic actinomycetes strains were isolated from intertidal marine sponge Hymeniacidon perleve collected from Chinese Yellow Sea. The 16S rDNA sequences of these strains were amplified and RFLP patterns were analyzed by digestion of 16S rDNA fragments with Hha I. 11 different patterns were identified, with confirmation by the RFLP analysis using Vector NTI simulation. Using Hha I RFLP patterns, the actinomycetes could be identified at the genus level. Phylogentic trees using 16S rDNA sequences were constructed. Majority of actinomycetes belonged to Streptomycetes (78). The other strains belonged to Nocardiopsis (18), Pseudonocardia (3), Nocardia (3), Micromonospora (2), Rhodococcus (1), Actinoalloteichus (1). Strain 177 is the candidate for new species of Actinalloteichus.

Actinobacteria↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Colonization of plant rhizosphere by actinomycetes of different genera].

The survival of environmental isolates of actinomycetes introduced with the seeds of agricultural plants in the root-free soil and in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane was studied. Different strategies of colonization of the rhizosphere were revealed for the representatives of the genera Streptomyces, Micromonospora, and Streptosporangium, the organisms typical for the moderate climate rhizosphere. The plants of winter rye (Secale cereale L.) inoculated with actinomycetes were shown to have growth advantages, while the cow clover plants (Trifolium pratense L.) had no growth advantages compared to uninoculated plants. The role of the plant component in the interaction with mycelial prokaryotes is discussed.

Actinobacteria↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Isolation of Actinomycetes synthesizing proteases with thrombolytic activity].

Proteases with the thrombolytic activity were studied in 212 strains of actinomycetes isolated from different soils of the Soviet Union. The cultures belonged to the genera Micromonospora, Nocardia and Streptomyces. Proteases were synthesized by 41% of the studied actinomycetes and some of their strains completely dissolved in vitro artificially obtained blood thrombi within 120-240 min. In the Streptomyces genus, more active strains were found in the groups Flavus, Fradia and Globisporus. The groups Olivaceus, Violaceus and Viridis had less active strains.

Actinomycetaceae↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[A study of the action of sodium chlorate on strains of nitrate reducing soil bacteria (author's transl)].

Fours strains of nitrate reducing bacteria isolated from soil were studied for their behavior towards chlorate. They are facultative anaerobes, except for Bacillus megatherium (which is a strict aerobe) and they possess a nitrate reductase A. The growth of three strains of bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, B. licheniformis and Micromonospora globosa) was slowed by sodium chlorate at a concentration of 0.06 to 0.1% while the other strain (B. megatherium) tolerated the CIO3- well. The delay of bacterial growth due to chlorate lasts for a certain period, after which the bacteria multiply again. The lag phase is due to small quantities of chlorite produced from the chlorate; the growth phase which follows is provoked by the multiplication of chlorate resistant mutants, most often nitrate reductase-negative and sometimes positive. Some reverse mutants nitrate reductase positive of K. pneumoniae no longer had the same characteristics as the wild strain: some resisted to chlorate or were different as to gas formation. The reduction of nitrate to ammonia by these bacteria is diminished in the presence of chlorate: the reduction of nitrate to nitrite was inhibited or not inhibited according to the type of strain. The bacteria broke down the chlorate partially or completely, according to the strains and the sustrates.

Bacteria↗

PubMed1978

[The thermophilic streptomycetes flora in milk powders and condensed milk products (author's transl)].

247 specimens of powdered milk and 165 of condensed milk were tested for their contamination with thermophile Streptomycetes. Colonies of these contaminants were isolated from all specimens of powdered milk and from 73 samples of condensed sweeted milk. The isolated strains corresponded with the following species of thermophilic Streptomycetes: Thermoactinomyces vulgaris, Tsiklinsky 1899, Thermoactinomyces vulgaris, Tsiklinsky 1899 "giant colonies", Micromonospora sp. (Agre et al., 1).

Animals↗

PubMed1984

Cystathionine gamma-lyase of Streptomyces phaeochromogenes. The occurrence of cystathionine gamma-lyase in filamentous bacteria and its purification and characterization.

Cystathionine gamma-lyase (EC 4.4.1.1) is widely distributed in actinomycetes, e.g. genera Streptomyces, Micromonospora, Micropolyspora, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Streptosporangium, and Streptoverticillium. The enzyme was purified from Streptomyces phaeochromogenes (IFO 3105) in nine steps. After the last steps, the enzyme appeared to be homogenous by the criteria of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, analytical centrifugation, and double diffusion in agarose. The enzyme crystallized in the apo form with the addition of ammonium sulfate. The enzyme has a molecular weight of about 166,000 and consists of four subunits identical in molecular weight. The enzyme exhibits absorption maxima at 278 and 421 nm and contains 4 mol of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate/mol of enzyme. L-Cystathionine, L-homoserine, DL-lanthionine, L-djenkolic acid, and L-cystine are cleaved as preferred substrates by the Streptomyces enzyme. The alpha, beta-elimination reaction of L-cystathionine is also catalyzed by the enzyme at a ratio of about one-seventh of the alpha, gamma-elimination reaction. Cystathionine beta-synthase (EC 4.2.1.22) and cystathionine gamma-synthase (EC 4.2.99.9) activities were also detected in crude extracts of S. phaeochromogenes, but cystathionine beta-lyase (EC 4.4.1.8) was not. Consequently, the reverse transsulfuration pathway in actinomycetes may be similar to that in yeast and molds.

Actinomycetales↗

PubMed1978

[Viability study of actinomycete cultures preserved for a long time on agar media].

Viability of 254 actinomycetous strains stored for 1 to 6 years on agarized media a temperature of 4-10 degrees C without passages was studied. The cultures included 204 strain of Actinomyces, 26 strains of Mycobacterium, 2 strains of Streptosporangium, 1 strain of Intrasporangium, 2 strains of Micropolyspora and 5 strains of Thermoactinomyces. Most of the cultures, i.e. 94.55 per cent stored for 6 years remained vialbe after the this period. With an increase in the storage period from 1 to 4 years the number of the viable cultures stored for such periods of time gradually decreased from 95.28 to 73.11 per cent. The representatives of Micromonospora and Streptosporangium, some strains of Proactinomyces and the cultures of Actinomyces forming whorl sporophores were the least stable when stored for a period up to 1 year. It was noted that viability of different strains within the same species was not the same in storage.

Agar↗

PubMed1983

[Safety evaluation of micronomicin IV. Acute toxicity in rats, rabbits and dogs after drip intravenous infusion].

Micronomicin (MCR) is a new aminoglycoside antibiotic produced by Micromonospora sagamiensis var. nonreducans which was isolated from soil collected at Sagamihara City by Nara et al. This antibiotic shows a close similarity to gentamicin C components in physical and chemical properties. The antibacterial activity of MCR is broad-spectrum and almost equal to that of gentamicin C complex. MCR exhibits particularly high activity against Pseudomonas, Proteus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia, etc, as well as against some Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains resistant to gentamicin C1a. Toxicological studies of MCR were carried out for safety evaluation as follows: Studies were carried out to assess acute toxicity, when administered in 1 hour by drip intravenous infusion to Wistar rats, Japanese White rabbits and Beagle dogs. The results of the studies are summarised as follows: There was no difference on acute toxicity between drip intravenous infusion (d.i.v.) and intramuscular injection (i.m.) in rats. However, acute toxicity of d.i.v. was less than that of bolus intravenous administration (i.v.) in rats. Acute toxicity of d.i.v. was stronger than that of i.m. in dogs when administered in rats. Acute toxicity varied with species, and it was ranked in rabbits not equal to dogs greater than rats. There was no difference on symptoms between d.i.v. and i.m.

Aminoglycosides↗

PubMed1983

[Safety evaluation of micronomicin V. Subacute toxicity in rats after intravenous injection].

Micronomicin (MCR) is a new aminoglycoside antibiotic produced by Micromonospora sagamiensis var. nonreducans which was isolated from soil collected at Sagamihara City by Nara et al. This antibiotic shows a close similarity to gentamicin C components in physical and chemical properties. The antibacterial activity of MCR is broad-spectrum and almost equal to that of gentamicin C complex. MCR exhibits particularly high activity against Pseudomonas, Proteus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia, etc. as well as against some Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains resistant to gentamicin C1a. Toxicological studies of MCR in rats were carried out by intravenous injection for safety evaluation. Study on subacute toxicity: Wistar rats were injected intravenously with MCR at the dose levels of 4, 10, 25, 63 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg for 30 days. The results of the studies are as follows: In the subacute toxicity study, animals died at the dose level of 100 mg/kg (10 out of 30 animals). Main changes observed were renal disorders and ataxia which showed a close similarity to those seen in intramuscular toxicity studies in rats. The renal histological disorders occurred mainly at the dose levels of 25 mg/kg and over, but they were slight at the dose levels of 25 mg/kg. Ataxia was observed at the dose levels of 63 mg/kg and over, but its grade was slight at the dose level of 63 mg/kg. The maximum safety dose was equal to in the intramuscular subacute toxicity in rats, 10 mg/kg.

Aminoglycosides↗

PubMed1983

[Safety evaluation of micronomicin VI. Subacute toxicity in rabbits after drip intravenous infusion].

Micronomicin (MCR) is a new aminoglycoside antibiotic produced by Micromonospora sagamiensis var. nonreducans which was isolated from soil collected at Sagamihara City by Nara et al. This antibiotic shows a close similarity to gentamicin C components in physical and chemical properties. The antibacterial activity of MCR is broad-spectrum and almost equal to that of gentamicin C complex. MCR exhibits particularly high activity against Pseudomonas, Proteus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia, etc. as well as against some Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains resistant to gentamicin C1a. Subacute toxicity studies of MCR in rabbits were carried out by drip intravenous infusion (d.i.v.) comparing with intramuscular injection (i.m.) for 30 days (doses; d.i.v. = 4, 25, 63 mg/kg, i.m. = 63 mg/kg). The results of the studies are as follows: Animals did not die at any dose. Renal disorders occurred mainly at the dose level of 63 mg/kg; they were almost similar to those observed when administered by i.m., and the grade of disorders in d.i.v. was the same as in i.m. The maximum safety dose was 4 mg/kg.

Aminoglycosides↗

PubMed1983

[Safety evaluation of micronomicin VII. Fertility study by intravenous injection in rats].

Micronomicin (MCR) is a new aminoglycoside antibiotic produced by Micromonospora sagamiensis var. nonreducans which was isolated from soil collected at Sagamihara City by Nara et al. This antibiotic shows a close similarity to gentamicin C components in physical and chemical properties. The antibacterial activity of MCR is broad-spectrum and almost equal to that of gentamicin C complex. MCR exhibits particularly high activity against Pseudomonas, Proteus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia, etc. as well as against some Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains resistant to gentamicin C1a. Fertility studies of MCR in rats were carried out by intravenous injection for safety evaluation (Dose: 25, 50 mg/kg and 75 mg/kg). The results of studies are as follows. There was no adverse effect on fertility ability at any dose. Suppression of adult body weight gain was observed slightly at all dose level in male and at the dose level of 75 mg/kg in female.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗

PubMed1983

[Safety evaluation of micronomicin VIII. Teratogenicity studies in rabbits after intravenous injection].

Micronomicin (MCR) is a new aminoglycoside antibiotic produced by Micromonospora sagamiensis var. nonreducans which was isolated from soil collected at Sagamihara City by Nara et al. This antibiotic shows a close similarity to gentamicin C components in physical and chemical properties. The antibacterial activity of MCR is broad-spectrum and almost equal to that of gentamicin C complex. MCR exhibits particularly high activity against Pseudomonas, Proteus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia, etc. as well as against some Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains resistant to gentamicin C1a. Teratogenicity studies of MCR in rabbits were carried out by intravenous injection for safety evaluation (Dose; 25, 50 mg/kg and 70 mg/kg). The results of studies are as follows. Fetal malformation attributable to MCR was not observed at any dose. There was no adverse effect on new borns at any dose.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗

PubMed1983

[Safety evaluation of micronomicin IX. Perinatal and postnatal study by intravenous injection in rats].

Micronomicin (MCR) is a new aminoglycoside antibiotic produced by Micromonospora sagamiensis var. nonreducans which was isolated from soil collected at Sagamihara City by Nara et al. This antibiotic shows a close similarity to gentamicin C components in physical and chemical properties. The antibacterial activity of MCR is broad-spectrum and almost equal to that of gentamicin C complex. MCR exhibits particularly high activity against Pseudomonas, Proteus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia, etc. as well as against some Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains resistant to gentamicin C1a. Perinatal and postnatal studies of MCR in rats were carried out by intravenous injection for safety evaluation (Dose; 25, 50 mg/kg and 75 mg/kg). The results of studies are as follows. There was no adverse effect on delivery and nursing ability in dams at any dose. There was no adverse effect at any dose on postnatal development of offspring, such as weight gain, postnatal differentiation, spontaneous motor activity, learning, sexual maturation and reproductive performance. Renal toxicity was observed at dose of 75 mg/kg in autopsy of dams after treatment.

Aminoglycosides↗

PubMed1983

[Safety evaluation of micronomicin. I. Subacute and chronic toxicity in dogs].

Micronomicin (MCR) is a new aminoglycoside antibiotic produced by Micromonospora sagamiensis var. nonreducans which was isolated from soil collected at Sagamihara by Nara et al. The purified antibiotic showed a close similarity to gentamicin C complex in physical and chemical properties. The antibacterial activity of MCR is broad-spectrum and almost equal to that of gentamicin C complex. MCR exhibits particularly high activity against Pseudomonas, Proteus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia, etc. and high activity against some Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains resistant to gentamicin C1a. Toxicological studies of MCR in dogs were carried out by intravenous injection for safety evaluation. 1. Study on subacute toxicity: Beagle dogs were injected intravenously with MCR at the dose levels of 4, 10, 25, 63 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg for 30 days. 2. Study on chronic toxicity: Beagle dogs were injected intravenously with MCR at the dose levels of 1.6, 4 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg for 180 days. The results of the studies are as follows: 1. In the subacute toxicity study, animals died at the dose level of 100g/kg (3 out of 6 animals). Main changes observed were renal disorders and ataxia which showed a close similarity to those seen during intramuscular toxicity studies in dogs. The renal histological disorders occurred at the dose levels of 10 mg/kg and over, but they were slight at the dose levels of 10 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg. Ataxia was observed at the dose levels of 63 mg/kg and over, but its grade was slight at the dose level of 63 mg/kg. 2. In the chronic toxicity study, animals did not die at any dose. Renal disorders occurred; they were almost similar to those observed in the subacute toxicity study and were slight at the dose level of 10 mg/kg. Ataxia was not observed at any dose. 3. The maximum safety dose was equal to in the subacute toxicity and chronic toxicity study (4 mg/kg). Therefore, cumulative toxicity by intravenous injection seemed very slight.

Aminoglycosides↗

PubMed1983

[Safety evaluation of micronomicin. II. Irritation by repeated intravenous injection in dogs].

Micronomicin (MCR) is a new aminoglycoside antibiotic produced by Micromonospora sagamiensis var. nonreducans which was isolated from soil collected at Sagamihara by Nara et al. The purified antibiotic showed a close similarity to gentamicin C complex in physical and chemical properties. The antibacterial activity of MCR is broad-spectrum and almost equal to that of gentamicin C complex. MCR exhibits particularly high activity against Pseudomonas, Proteus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia, etc. and high activity against some Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains resistant to gentamicin C1a. A study on the irritation by repeated intravenous injection in dogs was carried out for safety evaluation (Doses: 4, 10, 25, 63 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg). Bleeding, edema, vasculitis and perivasculitis were observed at injection sites both in physiological saline-treated controls and MCR-treated groups. But irritation attributable to MCR was not observed at any dose.

Aminoglycosides↗

PubMed1983

[Safety evaluation of micronomicin. III. Teratogenicity studies in rats].

Micronomicin (MCR) is a new aminoglycoside antibiotic produced by Micromonospora sagamiensis var. nonreducans which was isolated from soil collected at Sagamihara by Nara et al. The purified antibiotic showed a close similarity to gentamicin C complex in physical and chemical properties. The antibacterial activity of MCR is broad-spectrum and almost equal to that of gentamicin C complex. MCR exhibits particularly high activity against Pseudomonas, Proteus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia, etc. and high activity against some Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains resistant to gentamicin C1a. Teratogenicity studies of MCR in rats were carried out by intravenous injection for safety evaluation (Dose; 25, 50 mg/kg and 75 mg/kg). The results of studies are as follows. 1. Fetal malformation attributable to MCR was not observed at any dose. 2. Suppression of maternal weight gain was observed at the dose levels of 50 mg/kg and over. 3. There was no adverse effect on new borns at any dose.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗

PubMed1982

[Formation of antibiotic JI-20B by a culture of Streptomyces flavovirens].

An actinomycetous culture having an antibiotic action on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was isolated from a soil sample collected in the region of the Balaton Lake. As a result of the taxonomic study the culture was classified as Str. flavovirens. Waksman, Henrici (1948). Examination of antimicrobial properties of the antibiotic and chromatographic and mass-spectroscopic studies allowed one to classify it as an aminoglycoside belonging to the gentamicin group. The antibiotic was designated as J120-B. Until recently such antibiotics were known to be produced only by Micromonospora.

Culture Media↗