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PubMed1979

Experimental studies of the etiology of genital exhibitionism.

Several studies are reported which examine the critical stimuli and responses as well as personality factors important in genital exhibitionism. Using penile volume measurement, sex history questionnaires, personality tests, and behavioral observations, it was found that (1) exhibitionists responded most to mature females and were comparable to normals in reactions to children and men; (2) while exhibitionists indicated narcissistic desires in exposing, in a laboratory study they did not differ from controls in reactions to exposing with various reactions of the female, from sexual arousal and admiration to fear and anger; (3) the only strong features distinguishing exhibitionists from controls and other sexually anomalous subjects were peeping associated with orgasm and outdoor solitary masturbation; (4) exhibitionists seemed to be less assertive and less feminine than controls, but results were weak and inconsistent; (5) exhibitionists and controls did not differ in separation and divorce or marital satisfaction; (6) blood testosterone and penile reactivity of exhibitionists were within normal limits. Overall, the results suggest that most major theories of genital exhibitionism are wanting. It is suggested that narcissism and pedophilia be examined further in connection with exhibitionism.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Sexual behavior of Colombian female university students.

The results of a survey of sexual behavior conducted among 113 female students of Caldas University, Manizales, Colombia, are reported. Among other findings, cumulative incidence of masturbation was 68.1% and that of premarital coitus 33.6%. On the other hand, 56.4% of the nonvirgins professed to have had oral-genital contacts and 28.2% of them said that they had experienced anal coitus. While 96.5% of the students admitted contact with pornographic materials and 40.4% had been sexually aroused by these materials, 18% of those subjects who had been exposed to "romantic" (nonsexually explicit) materials professed to have been sexually aroused. As to contraceptive practices, many students never used any contraceptive methods, and 11.4% of the coitally experienced respondents admitted to having had an induced abortion. This study also shows a negative correlation between religiosity and the subjects' sexual behavior. Highly significant sex differences in sexual behavior among Colombian university students are also revealed when this study's findings are compared with data from male medical students.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Oral contraceptives, androgens, and the sexuality of young women: I. A comparison of sexual experience, sexual attitudes, and gender role in oral contraceptive users and nonusers.

Female undergraduates (108) volunteered for a study of hormones and sexuality, 55 of whom were oral contraceptive (OC) users. In this paper, OC users and nonusers are compared on measures of sexual attitudes and behavior, use of erotic fantasy, and gender role. In the second paper, the effects of OC on androgen levels and the relationship between androgens and behavioral measures within each group are reported. OC users were more likely to have a current sexual partner and less likely to be virgins. The two groups did not differ in frequency of masturbation or use of erotic fantasies. OC users reported less restrictive sexual morality and more interest in erotic images. These differences persisted when women without current partners were excluded. Among those in active sexual relationships, OC users reported more frequent sexual intercourse, higher psychosexual motivation and enjoyment, and were more positive in their evaluation of their partners than OC nonusers.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Oral contraceptives, androgens, and the sexuality of young women: II. The role of androgens.

The relationships between plasma free testosterone (FT) and measures of sexual attitude, sexual behavior, and gender role behavior were assessed in 55 oral contraceptive-using and 53 nonusing female undergraduates. Plasma FT and other measures of androgenicity were substantially lower in the oral contraceptive (OC) group. Correlations between FT and certain behavioral and attitudinal measures were found in the OC users but not the nonusers. In the OC users, FT was positively associated with frequency of sexual intercourse but not with frequency of masturbation. It was negatively associated with restrictive sexual morality. Correlations between FT and measures of gender role behavior were negligible, and FT was unrelated to proceptivity, homosexual interest, or the use of sexual fantasy. The occurrence of some predicted correlations among pill-using women but not the nonusers requires explanation, particularly in view of the substantially lower levels of FT in the pill-using group. It is suggested that androgen-behavior relationships in women are easily obscured by psychosocial influences and in this sample of young women such influences may have been more powerful among those not using OCs. Such psychosocial influences are likely to differ at different stages of women's life cycles. The importance of controlling for such influences in any study of hormone-sexual behavior relationships in women is emphasized, and the need for prospective studies of women before and after starting on steroidal contraception is recognized.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Transsexual surgery at 74: a case report.

An unusual case of transsexualism is presented involving an elderly male who had been happily married for 37 years. Sexual history was entirely heterosexual, with a low rate of fetishistic masturbation. Lifelong weak fantasies of becoming a woman were reported but did not lead to transvestic behavior until 10 years after the death of his wife. Social variables, role models, and other external influences are discussed that seem to have contributed to his transsexual "choice" at age 74.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Pectoral changes during the sexual response cycle: a thermographic analysis.

Pectoral changes over the course of the sexual response cycle were examined using thermographic measurement. Three married couples volunteered to participate. Each couple reported to the thermography laboratory two times. Included within the two sessions (which were a minimum of a day apart) was a masturbation to orgasm sequence and a control behavior sequence. During both sequences, the thermographic image was focused on the pectoral region. An asymmetrical vasocongestive pattern was discovered in the right side of the pectoral region throughout the course of the sexual response cycle, for both men and women. The results were interpreted in terms of the structure and function of the lymphatics.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Attitudinal and experiential correlates of anorgasmia.

Twenty-four orgasmic and 10 anorgasmic women, ages 21-40, provided continuous self-report measures of sexual arousal while viewing explicit videotape segments depicting a variety of sexual activities. They also completed several questionnaires designed to assess sexual attitudes, knowledge, and guilt. As compared to the orgasmic women, the anorgasmic women reported (i) greater discomfort in communicating with a partner regarding only those sexual activities involving direct clitoral stimulation, (ii) more negative attitudes toward masturbation, (iii) greater endorsement of sex myths, and (iv) greater sex guilt. Contrary to expectations, the groups failed to differ significantly on either the frequency of use of any of the sexual activities depicted or on arousal to viewing these activities. The theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are explored.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Formal and informal sex education as determinants of premarital sexual behavior.

Controversies exist regarding the effects of sex education in the schools and informal sex education obtained from parents, peers, the mass media, and other sources. Similarly, there is widespread interest in premarital sexual behavior, especially its determinants. This study presents several issues reflecting these concerns which have been the subject of much speculation but which have received little attention by researchers. The purpose of this study was to investigate--through the use of respondent reports--how formal and informal sex education influences premarital sexual behavior during college. A national probability sample of 1177 college students was studied using face-to-face interviews with approximately equal numbers of males and females. These interviews, which were conducted for the Institute for Sex Research, included questions about past and present sexual involvement and other attitudinal, behavioral and background variables. Accordingly, the data about sexual behavior and attitudes are based on the interviewees' self-reports. Indices were created which operationalized independent variables such as familial sexual conservatism, exposure to eroticism, perceived sex knowledge, and sexual exposure and assault during childhood and adolescence. Individual items reflecting childhood sex play, masturbation, current religiosity, religiosity while growing up, social class, sources of sex information, sex education in classrooms, and high school and college dating were used. The dependent variable, premarital sociosexual involvement, is a composite measure of incidence and prevalence of premarital heterosexual involvement which meets Guttman scaling criteria. An Automatic Interaction Detector analysis was used to determine the relative influences of reported sexualization variables on premarital sexual behavior. Major findings can be summarized as follows: Heterosexual behavior progresses in stepwise fashion from elementary to advanced levels of involvement, with each level representing a threshold. Reports of current influences and pressures explain more variance in premarital sexual behavior than reports of past informal sexualization influences, which, in turn, explain more variance than reported formal sex-education experiences. Limited success was reported with the use of a four-stage AID analysis which attempted to ascertain whether variables represented in later stages of the sexualization process "mask" the effects of variables in earlier stages and whether a development process can be identified. It may be concluded that these data do not support the belief that exposure to sexuality through formal sex education influences premarital sexual behavior. Informal sex education has significantly more impact on premarital sexual behavior, but there are indications that pressures and experiences confronting young people in a given dating or peer group situation take precedence over all past sexual socialization influences.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Copulation, dominance, and plasma androgen levels in adult Rhesus males born and reared in the laboratory.

The subjects consisted of adult male rhesus macaques (N = 22) that had been born and reared in the laboratory and had failed to ejaculate in standardized tests of sexual behavior in adulthood. As infants they had been given regular but limited social experience, and as juveniles and adults they had been housed in individual cages. Saphenous vein blood (3 ml) was taken on each of 5 days; the plasma was removed and stored for later assay for testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). The males were then released into a 1-acre outdoor enclosure with 8--14 adult females. Behavior was observed daily for 2 hr, and blood was taken from the males once a week for hormone assays. During the first 8 weeks, four males ejaculated, and they were removed from the enclosure. During the second 8 weeks, four additional males ejaculated, and they were also removed from the enclosure. The remaining 14 males were never observed to achieve intromission or to ejaculate during the 28 weeks in the enclosure, but 11 masturbated to ejaculation. There was no evidence that individuals with high plasma T levels were more sexually active or more dominant than males with lower T levels. Mean levels of plasma T were within the range observed in wild-born rhesus males, but the level of sexual performance was not. At the end of the 12th week, all of the females initially in the enclosure were removed and 13 different adult females were introduced. Three females became pregnant.

Androgens↗
PubMed1986

Sexological theory, H-Y antigen, chromosomes, gonads, and cyclicity: two syndromes compared.

The androgen-insensitivity syndrome (AIS) and Rokitansky syndrome (RS) are clinically similar except for H-Y antigen, chromosomal sex, gonadal sex, and the cyclicity of sex hormonal functioning. Nine AIS women and nine RS women could not be distinguished systematically on any of the following variables: romantic and genitoerotic imagery/ideation; sensory channels of erotic arousal; gender orientation; satisfaction with feminine status; self-rating of sexual frequency and interest; masturbation experience; orgasm experience; attitude toward marriage; and attitude toward infant and child care. These findings indicate that neither H-Y antigen status, chromosomal sex, nor hormonal cyclicity directly determines the differentiation of gender-identity/role (G-I/R) as male, female, or ambiguous. By implication, these findings are relevant to heterosexual/homosexual theory.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Volunteer bias in research employing vaginal measures of sexual arousal.

Demographic, sexual, and personality characteristics of volunteers and nonvolunteers for a laboratory study of sexual arousal were compared. Subjects were 296 female students from an introductory psychology course who had volunteered for a study on sexuality and personality. After completing several questionnaires, subjects were presented with a written description of an experiment that involved viewing sexually explicit videotapes and measurement of sexual arousal with a vaginal photoplethysmograph and indicated in writing whether or not they would be interested in participating in the experiment. Chi-square analyses revealed that a greater percentage of volunteers had experienced sexual trauma and that fewer women in this group reported objections to viewing sexually explicit films than nonvolunteers. A discriminant function analysis revealed that the volunteers masturbated more frequently, had more exposure to commercialized erotica materials, were exposed to these materials at an earlier age, and reported less sexual fear than nonvolunteers. Other personality, demographic, and sexual characteristics did not differ across the groups. This study demonstrates that the external validity of studies employing vaginal measures of sexual arousal is limited. Researchers must use caution when discussing the generality of findings based on genital measurement of sexual arousal.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Hazards associated with anal erotic activity.

The recent liberalization of attitudes towards sexuality has brought with it the desire by some individuals to seek alternate methods of sexual stimulation and gratification, among them an exploration of anal eroticism. Various practices associated with anal sexuality carry with them the potential for medical complications. In this paper some of the hazards associated with anal eroticism are outlined and potential complications are discussed. Topics discussed include anal masturbation, enemas, sexually related anorectal disease, and the hazards of foreign objects introduced into the rectum. The intent of this paper is to provide concerned professionals dealing with various aspects of human sexuality with information relevant to anal eroticism.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1994

Electron microscopic study of human sperm membrane isolation.

OBJECT: Our purpose was to isolated pure, homogeneous human sperm membranes, free of cellular contaminants. METHODS: Donor semen samples collected after masturbation were stored at -70 degrees C and eventually pooled. Each attempt at sperm membrane isolation required 800 x 10(6) spermatozoa which were sonicated by ultrasound (40% output; Vibra Cell). The effect of sonication time (3 x 5, 3 x 15, and 180 sec) on membrane isolation was investigated. Sonicated samples were centrifuged (500 g, 5 min) and the supernatant was pipetted off. The supernatant of the centrifuged sample was layered on either a sucrose cushion (supernatant on 1.6 M sucrose) or a discontinuous sucrose gradient and centrifuged (100,000 g, 1 hr). Contents of supernatants of sonicated samples and fractions (sucrose interfaces) were then fixed in 1.0% tannic acid and 2.5% buffered glutaraldehyde and examined electron microscopically using standard procedures. RESULTS: (1) The optimal sonification time was found to be 3 x 15 sec. (2) Membrane isolation using a sucrose cushion was found to be inadequate, showing significant cellular contamination. (3) Sperm membrane isolation from the sucrose interface between 0.75 and 1.05 M sucrose was found to be most effective. CONCLUSION: The advantage of this method is its simplicity. The drawback of this method is the large number of spermatozoa required for membrane purification.

Cell Fractionation↗
PubMed1994

Effects of morphine, naloxone, buprenorphine, butorphanol, haloperidol and imipramine on morphine withdrawal signs in cynomolgus monkeys.

This study was conducted to characterize the opiate dependence potential of a number of opiate and non-opiate psychoactive drugs in morphine-dependent cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). In addition, the agonist/antagonist profiles of buprenorphine and butorphanol were directly compared. Six male cynomolgus monkeys were maintained on morphine (3.0 mg/kg, q.i.d.) for 6 months. On evaluation days, monkeys were scored for opiate withdrawal signs 18 h after the last dose of morphine. Single dose suppression studies were conducted by giving subcutaneous injections of morphine (3 or 6 mg/kg), naloxone (0.01, 0.05 or 0.1 mg/kg), buprenorphine (1, 3, 10, 30 or 100 micrograms/kg), butorphanol (0.01, 0.1, 1.0 or 3.2 mg/kg), haloperidol (0.01, 0.05 or 0.1 mg/kg), imipramine (2, 5 or 10 mg/kg) or saline and measuring the number and frequency of withdrawal signs that appeared over a 2-h period. In a separate precipitation experiment either saline or 0.01 or 0.1 mg/kg butorphanol was administered 2 h after the last maintenance dose of morphine. In the single dose suppression test, morphine completely suppressed most withdrawal signs while naloxone increased the severity of withdrawal. All doses of buprenorphine increased many withdrawal signs such as backward gait, rearing, chafing face, chain biting, vomiting, masturbation, and vocalizations after intimidation. Only a few signs were reduced, but the overall withdrawal scores were not significantly increased. Low doses of butorphanol suppressed some signs while the highest dose almost completely eliminated all withdrawal signs. Butorphanol also failed to precipitate opiate withdrawal, and actually reversed the signs present in the saline-treated monkeys. Imipramine and haloperidol had little effect on the morphine withdrawal syndrome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1987

A case of multiple sclerosis with an onset mimicking the Kleine-Levin syndrome.

A 20 years old patient is described, who presented two episodes of day-time hypersomnia, orthostatic hypotension and psychotic behavior. Compulsive masturbation and abnormalities of the eating habits were also present. Both episodes cleared up spontaneously in about one week. From the clinical point of view of Kleine-Levin syndrome, was suspected. However a CSF examination showed IgG oligoclonal bands and an increased IgG index. A NMR showed multiple area of increased signal intensity, suggestive of a demyelinating disease. On these elements a final diagnosis of MS was made, in spite of a normal neurological examination. This case was compared to other cases of MS in which the disease begins with acute remitting psychiatric symptoms. However cases of MS with complex episodes as observed in our patient were not found in the Literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Female sexuality and historical time: a comparison of sexual biographies of German women born between 1895 and 1936.

Ninety-one German women ages 50 to 91 years (birth cohorts: 1895 to 1936) were interviewed in-depth about their sexual development through the life span. This article presents the results on the historical change in female sexuality during childhood, puberty, and young marriage. The sample was divided into four subgroups, according to the year of birth, which were compared to each other. In contrast to the older groups, a higher percentage of women in the younger cohorts had experience in childhood sexual play, masturbation, "real" and faked orgasm, with historical time only having a slight influence on marital sexuality and fertility experiences. Data indicate that subjects born later were not only more experienced sexually but changed intraindividually more often in sexual matters, whereas the older women mostly "conserved" the sexual morals and habits learned in youth. Subjective sexual experience of the interviewees is illustrated by quotations.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Partner-specific sexual practices among heterosexual men and women with multiple partners: results from the French national survey, ACSF. Analyse des Comportements Sexuel en France.

Heterosexual men and women with several partners are at risk of acquiring and transmitting sexually transmitted diseases and HIV. Risk depends on parameters such as the sexual practices themselves which may vary according to the type of partner (regular vs. casual). It is therefore important to describe the sexual practices and identify the correlations between the type of partner and these practices among heterosexuals with multiple partners. A subsample of all subjects having had at least two sexual partners during the previous year (n = 1644) was obtained from the ACSF survey (n = 20,055), the French national telephone survey on sexual behavior conducted between September 1991 and February 1992. Questions concerned in particular sexual practices of the last encounter as well as type of partner. Petting and vaginal penetration were almost systematic, mutual manual stimulation and orogenital sex were common, while self-masturbation and anal sex were infrequent. On average, a condom was seldom used. However, it was used more often when the partner was occasional. Nonpenetrative and oral practices were also more frequent with occasional partners. Women tended to report lower frequencies of practices and of condom use than men. A subset of heterosexuals with multiple partners engaged in safe sex. Practices tend to be partner-specific, with safer sex practices more likely to occur with occasional partners, although the magnitude of the difference is moderate.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

The effects of ejaculation on serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA).

To determine the effects of ejaculation on serum PSA, we measured serum levels just before masturbation and 24 hours and 5 days later in a study group (n=25) aged between 23 and 25 years. In the study group, 16 cases showed a decrease (mean 22.37%, range 10-50%) in serum PSA levels 24 hours after ejaculation, while 6 had higher levels (mean 38.33%, range 21-67%) and 3 had no changes. No relation was found between seminal plasma levels or total amounts expelled of this marker and the difference in serum levels due to ejaculation. In the control group free of ejaculation in the same period determinations of serum PSA levels revealed no significant changes between days 0, 1 and 5. As compared with the control group, the changes in the study group were found to be statistically insignificant. These results may indicate that ejaculation has an insignificant effect on serum PSA levels.

Adult↗