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At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Detection of conscious deception using the Child Abuse Potential Inventory lie scale.

Two studies were conducted to provide data on the construct validity of the Child Abuse Potential Inventory lie scale. In Study One, 187 male and female undergraduate students were administered either the Child Abuse Potential Inventory, the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale, or the Unlikely Virtues Scale. Three instructional sets were provided: respond honestly, distort responses in a positive manner, and distort responses in a negative manner. Each scale successfully discriminated between subjects in the honest and faking good conditions. Only the Marlowe-Crowne scale discriminated subjects in the faking bad condition through their low scores. No gender differences were observed as a function of instructional set or test employed. In Study Two, 31 male and female parents were given the CAP-Inventory under the same instructional sets provided in Study One. The findings for the parent group, the population the CAP-Inventory was designed to be employed with, replicated the results found in Study One.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

The development of semicircular canals in the inner ear: role of FGFs in sensory cristae.

In the vertebrate inner ear, the ability to detect angular head movements lies in the three semicircular canals and their sensory tissues, the cristae. The molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of the three canals are largely unknown. Malformations of this vestibular apparatus found in zebrafish and mice usually involve both canals and cristae. Although there are examples of mutants with only defective canals, few mutants have normal canals without some prior sensory tissue specification, suggesting that the sensory tissues, cristae, might induce the formation of their non-sensory components, the semicircular canals. We fate-mapped the vertical canal pouch in chicken that gives rise to the anterior and posterior canals, using a fluorescent, lipophilic dye (DiI), and identified a canal genesis zone adjacent to each prospective crista that corresponds to the Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (Bmp2)-positive domain in the canal pouch. Using retroviruses or beads to increase Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs) for gain-of-function and beads soaked with the FGF inhibitor SU5402 for loss-of-function experiments, we show that FGFs in the crista promote canal development by upregulating Bmp2. We postulate that FGFs in the cristae induce a canal genesis zone by inducing/upregulating Bmp2 expression. Ectopic FGF treatments convert some of the cells in the canal pouch from the prospective common crus to a canal-like fate. Thus, we provide the first molecular evidence whereby sensory organs direct the development of the associated non-sensory components, the semicircular canals, in vertebrate inner ears.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Posterior myocardial infarction and complete right bundle- branch block.

We describe two patients with posterior myocardial infarction (PMI) with unusually atypical clinical presentations and cardiac enzymatic profiles, but with the abrupt development of complete AV block in patient 1, and Mobitz II second-degree AV block with paroxysmal phases of higher degrees of AV block in patient 2, and mitral regurgitation leading to symptomatic pulmonary congestion. Also, both patients had complete right bundle-branch block (RBBB) [old in patient 1, new in patient 2], the pattern of which was altered due to the associated PMI. The alteration included tall R waves involving the early part of the QRS complex, and tall T waves, both noted in the right precordial leads. The mechanism of these ECG modulations of the RBBB pattern was believed to be a superimposition of the early depolarization and repolarization consequences of the PMI. The significance of this observation lies in the ECG detection of PMI, frequently underdiagnosed particularly in patients with an atypical presentation, and with the RBBB adding further to the complexity. Thus, it is gratifying to note the contribution of the ECG to diagnostics, the only modality that provided a pathophysiologic insight in these two patients who appeared to be abruptly deteriorating clinically without an apparent reason.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

[Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in initial assessment and follow-up of patients with MALT lymphoma treated drug therapy].

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is an important tool for diagnosis and pretreatment staging of primary gastric lymphoma. The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic importance of endosonography (EUS) in gastric lymphoma; to assess the depth of tumoral infiltration in low-grade gastric lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) and to assess EUS response to medical treatment (Cyclophosphamid/Mabtera and/or anti-Helicobacter pylori therapy). METHODS: 26 patients with MALT gastric lymphoma were investigated by EUS. Six of them were evaluated after the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection and 20 after and during the cyclophosphamide/Mabtera and anti H. pylori treatment. EUS staging was compared with histopathology. Tumours were staged according to the 2000 TNM and modified Ann Arbor classification. RESULTS: Six patients were treated with anti - Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy. Full regression of lymphoma was observed in 2 of 6 (33.3%) patients, which was endoscopicaly and histologicaly proved. EUS correlated with histology in all (6/6). In 20 patients treated with cyclophosphamide/Mabtera therapy, EUS revealed regression of lymphoma in 14 cases. Positive correlation with histology was found in 11 patients (11/14; 78%). The initial EUS showed an increased wall thickness more than 5mm in 24 of 26 patients (92%). The thickening was predominantly of mucosa and submucosa and in 11 patients extended the muscularis propria. After the therapy, the gastric wall thickening returned to normal in 14 patients, however, 3 of them still had positive histology findings. In 2 cases, during the follow-up, the EUS showed remained thickening of gastric wall, whereas biopsies were negative. Six months later histology revealed progressive low-grade MALT lymphoma in this cases. CONCLUSION: EUS appears to be a sensitive procedure for initial staging and assessment of treatment response and long-term follow up in patients with gastric lymphoma. The importance of EUS lies in abbility to detect relapse early, too.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Adenocarcinoma in Barrett esophagus: its recurrence and long-term survival].

Adenocarcinoma arising in ectopic gastric mucosa has been reported more than 40 years ago. This report reviews our experience with Barrett's adenocarcinoma over 8 years. The definition remains subject to controversy. More than 50% of patients in our study had unfavorable course of disease. The hope for cure lies almost in early detection of tumors at which point a truly curative resection could be done. There is no difference in terms of survival comparing to the adenocarcinoma arising on normal esophagus.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

Role of constitutive cyclooxygenase-2 in prostaglandin-dependent secretion in mouse colon in vitro.

The relative contributions of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 in mediating prostaglandin (PG)-dependent chloride secretion were investigated in segments of mouse colon mounted in Ussing-type diffusion chambers. COX-2 mRNA and protein were constitutively expressed as shown by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western immunoblot, respectively. COX-2 immunoreactivity was detected immunohistochemically in cells lying subjacent to the crypt epithelial cells. In segments of colon mounted in Ussing chambers, arachidonic acid caused a concentration-dependent increase in short-circuit current that was blocked by piroxicam, the COX-2 inhibitor NS-398, and the COX-1 inhibitor SC-560. Exposure to the PG-dependent secretagogue, bradykinin, also caused an increase in short-circuit current that was not blocked by piroxicam or SC-560, and only by the highest dose of NS-398. When incubated in the presence of 10 microM arachidonic acid, segments of mouse colon produced both PGE(2) and PGD(2). Synthesis of PGE(2) but not PGD(2) was blocked by NS-398 and SC-560. These data demonstrate that both COX-1 and COX-2 are constitutively expressed in the mouse colon, and both contribute to PG-dependent electrolyte transport.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Epidemiology and virology of influenza illness. Based on a presentation by Arnold S. Monto, MD.

Although researchers have demonstrated that influenza illness has affected societies for many centuries, in more recent decades, the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have developed sophisticated means of tracking the virus' activity around the globe. The importance of tracking influenza activity lies not only in detecting what is circulating in other countries, but also in enabling global manufacturers of vaccine to prepare the appropriate A and B compositions for the impending epidemic. Tracking influenza also allows quantification of its great toll in terms of morbidity and mortality. Influenza has broad societal and financial impact, with as much as $12 to $14 billion in indirect economic impact in the United States annually and a significant increase in physician visits for febrile respiratory illness. For example, during many influenza outbreaks visits to family care physicians and internal medicine specialists can increase by 150% to 450%. Influenza presents an ongoing public health issue because of the virus' ability to continually reinvent itself. Antigenic drift, caused by subtle changes in influenza's surface proteins, partially accounts for annual epidemic outbreaks of the illness. Antigenic shift that occurs because of major changes in the viral hemagglutinin and sometimes in the neuraminidase, the other surface protein, results in the more widespread and lethal pandemic forms of influenza. Moreover, type A influenza is not an exclusively human infection. By understanding how both of these types of changes occur in waterfowl, the virus' primary nonhuman hosts, scientists can develop both drugs and epidemiological strategies to avert or minimize the most severe effects of influenza.

Antigenic Variation↗
PubMed1975

Advice to travelers.

Travelers, particularly those whose tastes or occupations lead to deviation from the usual tourist routes, are at a small but significant risk of acquiring certain diseases they would be unlikely to encounter had they remained in the continental United States. Many of these infections can be rendered unlikely even for the most adventuresome traveler through the appropriate use of immunization and chemoprophylaxis. Other infections are currently unpreventable and the physician's responsibility lies in their premorbid detection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[MCA and CA 15-3 in the follow-up of patients with breast cancer].

After surgery and radiotherapy circulating serum levels of the tumour markers MCA and Ca 15-3 were evaluated in 226 clinically disease-free breast cancer patients. 15 of them presented with local recurrences and/or distant metastases after a follow-up period of twelve months. Six patients belonged to the group of 180 with both markers negative, two belonged to the 32 patients with only one marker positive, and seven to the group of 14 with both markers positive. After twelve months the probability of disease-free survival (calculated by the method of Kaplan-Meier) is 96% in patients with negative tumour markers and only 51.4% in patients with both markers positive (p less than 0.001). After 16 months these values are 96% versus 25.7% with the same statistical significance. The value of tumour marker examinations in the regular follow-up of patients with breast cancer lies in the early detection of tumour activity and therefore in a better chance of response to subsequent treatment. The diagnostic sensitivity of MCA was 75.5%, and for Ca 15-3 70.24%.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1990

[Diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of single-nodular minute hepatocellular carcinoma].

This article presents 14 patients of single-nodular minute hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC less than or equal to 2 cm) with coexisting cirrhosis. Of these nine patients were discovered by alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) mass screening or health check-up; and five by follow-up observations of chronic liver disease. All the 14 patients received radical resection with no operative mortality. The 1-5 year survival rates after resection were 100% (14/14), 100% (12/12), 100% (11/11), 100% (9/9), and 100% (7/7), respectively. This study demonstrates that the key point of further improvement in the detection of minute HCC lies in the establishment of diagnosis at a relatively low AFP level (less than 200 ng/ml). Realtime ultrasonography is the diagnostic modality of first choice in screening and monitoring. Surgery is strongly indicated for minute HCC with compensated liver function; Limited resection is the main type of resection for minute HCC with liver cirrhosis. The present data also indicate that HCC is not always multicentric in origin, even in patients with liver cirrhosis Intrahepatic spreading rather than multicentric origin may play a more important role in the multinodular pattern of HCC.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Transport of "high-risk" newborn infants. (Apropos of 159 emergency calls by the SAMU 94-Service d'Aide Médicale Urgente-Emergency Health Service)].

Analysis of our experience confirms in the domain of the newborn the fundamental notion of the Emergency medical call. The EMC has two objectives: 1--Emergency treatment before the patient is moved, and the correction of failing vital functions by a medical team skilled in problems of neonates. 2--Transportation of the neonate in a stable condition, to the Intensive Care unit. The quality of such transportation depends closely upon the quality of the medical care given and upon organisation. It can only be carried out in the context of a system coordinated by a "coordinating physician" (e.g. SAMU 94). This coordinating physician has responsibility for logistics, telephone coordination, and application of the call procedure as rapidly as possible. From a logistical point of view, only coordination between:--SAMU-SMUR;--Medical team of the Intensive care unit;--Requesting service make possible the provision and quality of continuous supplies of oxygen, warmth, sugar - all under aseptic conditions, indispensable to the quality of survival of the neonate. In addition, we feel it essential--that the delay before the call is answered be as brief as possible;--that the call should be dealt with by a mixed team, including at least one physician experienced in neonatal problems;--that the choice of vehicle used for transportation should be better adapted to the situation. This choice is the responsibility of the coordinating physician, who should base his decisions on two fundamental requirements:--rapidity of dealing with the call;--personal safety of those involved. This without losing sight of--Prevention of perinatal problems lies part with the detection of high risk pregnancies, with the aim of arranging delivery in specialised "mother and baby" centres where close collaboration between obstetrician and paediatrician is assured.--The development of transportation of the "high-risk" neonate, which is so costly in manpower and equipment, depends closely upon general concepts of health care in France, which should be aimed at:--the prevention of prematury;--the detection of high risk pregnancies;--the development of mother and baby centres.

Child Health Services↗
PubMed1986

[Perspectives of in-situ measuring of oxygen free radicals].

It has been proposed that the oxygen free radicals (superoxide and hydroxyl radicals), could be partially responsible for the appearance of cellular alterations in the course of various pathological situations. It has not been possible to measure these kinds of radicals because of their very short life span and the very low concentrations present in the tissues. The paramagnetic electronic resonance (PER), of which the principle lies on the specific detection of free radicals, proves, however, to be ill suited for the measurement of the oxygen free radicals, because of an insufficient sensitivity. This sensitivity may be increased with the "spin trapping" technique, the principle of which is to use a trapping component able to be associated to the unstable radical to form a stable product, which accumulates then in the tissues up to a concentration higher than the detection threshold in PER.

Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy↗
PubMed1994

The roles of myoglobin, MB iso-enzyme of creatine phosphokinase and aspartate aminotransferase in serum in the acute phase of myocardial infarction.

The diagnostic value of serum myoglobin as compared to MB iso-enzyme of creatine phosphokinase and aspartate aminotransferase was investigated in 25 patients admitted on suspicion of acute myocardial infarction with a duration of symptoms less than 6 hours. In group 1 (acute myocardial infarction group), the first blood sample, obtained at a mean time of 3.27 hours after onset of infarction, invariably showed increased myoglobin (mean 2.6-fold normal) whereas MB iso-enzyme of creatine phosphokinase and aspartate aminotransferase were often normal. Peak myoglobin values occurred earlier than peak serum MB iso-enzyme of creatine phosphokinase values. The highest peak values of serum myoglobin were found in patients with extensive myocardial infarction. In group 2 (non-acute myocardial infarction or control group) serial determinations of serum myoglobin, serum MB iso-enzyme of creatine phosphokinase and aspartate aminotransferase were within normal limits. Hence the importance lies with the early detection of serum myoglobin in acute myocardial infarction.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Amino acid analysis using disposable copper nanoparticle plated electrodes.

A disposable copper nanoparticle-plated screen-printed carbon electrode (designated as Cun-SPE(100-nm)) provides a new material for the determination of native amino acids. All 20 underivatized amino acids can be sensitively determined at 0.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl in pH 8 phosphate buffer solution. The precisely controlled copper nanoparticles can boost up the CuIIO/CuI2O redox signal on the working surface without any prior pretreatment procedure. The formation of a reversible 1:1 CuIIO-amino acid complex on the Cun-SPE(100-nm) was proposed to play a key role in the reaction mechanism. Stable detection responses were obtained for all amino acids by flow injection analysis with detection limits (S/N = 3) that lie in the range of 24 nM-2.7 microM. Selected amino acids from six representative chemical natures were separated by HPLC and detected at the Cun-SPE(100-nm) with promising results.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1981

Detection of urinary incontinence.

Thirty patients complaining of stress incontinence were investigated by clinical examination, videocystourethrography and Urilos device. The latter was the most effective method of confirming the history. Standing and lying made no difference to detection of incontinence on clinical examination. A scheme for use of these investigations was proposed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Recent biological techniques for the diagnosis of mycobacterial infections].

More rapid and more sensitive techniques have replaced traditional methods of direct examination and culturing for diagnosing mycobacterial infections. Among the most recent methods are Isolator blood culture, radiometric detection, hybridization and amplification, each with its advantages and disadvantages. The Isolator blood culture system improves the sensitivity of mycobacteria detection, especially for Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare. In terms of cost and culture time, this system is similar to traditional methods, although it is limited to blood cultures. Radiometric detection, associated with culture in a liquid medium, greatly improves diagnostic power. The main advantage lies in the reduced delay before detection, 13.4 days compared with 21.7 days on solid media (for M. tuberculosis) and 5.1 days instead of 18.6 days for other mycobacteria. A culture is considered to be negative after 6 weeks without growth compared with 12 weeks for the Löwenstein-Jensen medium. The disadvantages of this system include the cost of equipment, personnel and radio-active products. In addition, as for all culture methods, a sufficient bacterial population is required in the sample. Hybridization techniques rely on DNA or RNA probes which recognize mycobacterial sequences. The Gen-Probe recognizes M. tuberculosis, M. avium, M. intracellulare and M. gordonae ribosomal RNA. Syngene probes recognize M. tuberculosis and M. avium-intracellulare DNA sequences. Rapid identification in less than 2 hours is a major advantage. At the present time 50 pg of DNA are required, a quantity which is not usually present in clinical samples. Combining this technique with primary culture in liquid medium or amplification techniques improves sensitivity. Polymerase chain reaction amplifies a specific sequence of double strand DNA. This method provides a means of identifying mycobacterial DNA in a clinical sample within 24-48 hours, a major improvement over traditional culture. Cost however may be a barrier although the cost/benefit ration remains to be determined.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Telling lies.

Men and women (20 each) were videotaped while describing someone they liked, someone they disliked, someone they were ambivalent about, someone they were indifferent about, someone they liked as though they disliked him or her, and someone they disliked as thought they like him or her. Accuracy at detecting that some deception had occurred was far greater than accuracy at detecting the true underlying affect, and people who were good at detecting that deception was occurring were not particularly skilled at reading the speakers' underlying affects. However, people whose deception attempts were more easily detected by others also had their underlying affects read more easily. Speakers whose lies were seen more readily by men also had their lies seen more readily by women, and observers better able to see the underlying affects of women were better able to see the underlying affects of men. Skill at lying successfully was unrelated to skill at catching others in their lies. A histrionic strategy (hamming) was very effective in deceiving others, and this strategy was employed more by more Machiavellian people, who also tended to get caught less often in their lies. Methodological considerations and systematic programs for future research are discussed.

Attitude↗