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PubMedDate not supplied

The impact of the interview in pediatric residency selection.

OBJECTIVE: To better understand the impact of USMLE scores and interview scores on the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) rank of applicants to the residency program at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. METHODOLOGY: We evaluated 935 applicants' files from 2000, 2001, and 2002. For each candidate, one interviewer had access to the full application, while the other interviewer was blinded to USMLE scores and grades. Interview scores were generated by both interviewers. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate relationships between USMLE scores, interview scores, and NRMP rank list number. RESULTS: There were a wide range of USMLE scores among candidates who interviewed (range 181 to 269, 227.7 +/- 17.1, M +/- standard deviation). USMLE scores were weakly correlated to nonblinded interview scores (r = -0.17), final committee scores (r = -0.26), and NRMP ranking (r = -0.21): P < .0005. Blinded interviews did not correlate with USMLE scores. Both nonblinded and blinded interviews had stronger correlations with NRMP rank list number (r = 0.49, P < .0005 and r = 0.36, P < .0005, respectively). The nonblinded interview accounted for 20.6% of variance in the NRMP rank list order. CONCLUSIONS: Interview scores were the most important variable for candidate ranking on the NRMP list. Furthermore, when interviewers had access to board scores, there was a modest correlation to performance on the USMLE. While interviews may reflect a candidate's personality, they may not effectively measure desired characteristics when access to academic markers is unrestricted. We suggest incorporating blinded interviews into the selection process to give candidates a better opportunity to display communication skills, emotional stability, and "fit" for the program.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The perspectives of current trainees in combined internal medicine-pediatrics. Results of a national survey.

OBJECTIVE: To gather information from combined internal medicine-pediatric residents about their application process for residency, their perceptions of the stressors during residency, and their future plans. DESIGN: Survey of all combined internal medicine-pediatric residents-in-training in the 1989-1990 academic year. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-four percent of residents-in-training responded to the survey, representing 70% of the programs. RESULTS: Combined residents often investigate and rank other generalist residences. However, internal medicine is significantly (P < .005) considered more often than pediatrics or family medicine. Sixty percent of combined residents do not anticipate further training beyond the 4 years and expect to practice both specialties. The majority of those interested in a subspecialty expect to continue to combine internal medicine and pediatrics in their subspecialty practice. Switching services during the residency engenders stress. Factors that decrease stress include more frequent switches and increasing seniority. Switching from pediatrics to internal medicine is more stressful (P < .0001) than switching to pediatrics from internal medicine. The residents considered ambulatory training sites and a specific coordinator for the program to be the most important features of the residency. CONCLUSIONS: Combined internal medicine-pediatric programs continue to attract a small cohort of well-qualified US medical school graduates, the majority of whom intend to practice as generalists in both pediatrics and internal medicine.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

General surgery residency program websites: usefulness and usability for resident applicants.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the content of general surgery residency program websites, the websites' potential as tools in resident recruitment, and their "usability." DESIGN: The homepages of general surgery residency programs were evaluated for accessibility, ease-of-use, adherence to established principles of website design, and content. Investigators completed a questionnaire on aspects of their online search, including number of mouse-clicks used, number of errors encountered, and number of returns to the residency homepage. SETTING: The World Wide Web listings on the Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database (FREIDA) of the American Medical Association (AMA). PARTICIPANTS: A total of 251 ACGME-accredited general surgery residency programs. RESULTS: One hundred sixty-seven programs (67%) provided a viable link to the program's website. Evaluators found an average of 5.9 of 16 content items; 2 (1.2%) websites provided as many as 12 content items. Five of the 16 content items (program description, conference schedules, listing of faculty, caseload, and salary) were found on more than half of the sites. An average of 24 mouse-clicks was required to complete the questionnaire for each site. Forty-six sites (28%) generated at least 1 error during our search. The residency homepage was revisited an average of 5 times during each search. On average, programs adhered to 6 of the 10 design principles; only 6 (3.6%) sites adhered to all 10 design principles. Two of the 10 design principles (use of familiar fonts, absence of frames) were adhered to in more than half of the sites. Our overall success rate when searching residency websites was 38%. CONCLUSIONS: General surgery residency programs do not use the World Wide Web optimally, particularly for users who are potential residency candidates. The usability of these websites could be increased by providing relevant content, making that content easier to find, and adhering to established web design principles.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1992

Choose-get-keep: a psychiatric rehabilitation approach to supported employment.

Increasing numbers of people with psychiatric disabilities are residing in communities rather than in inpatient settings. They are also becoming more aware of the benefits of working and of their legal right to employment with accommodations. Traditional work preparation programs have failed to result in employment for many people with psychiatric disabilities. However, supported employment, when modified to reflect the basic principles and practices of effective psychiatric rehabilitation, has been shown to result in employment benefits for participants at a reasonable cost to providers. With supported employment methodologies such as the choose-get-keep approach, providers can do much to help people with psychiatric disabilities reap the many social and financial benefits of employment and achieve their community living goals.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1992

How did it work? An examination of the mechanisms through which an intervention for the unemployed promoted job-search behavior.

Conducted process analysis of treatment mediation effects (Judd & Kenney, 1981) on longitudinal data from a large randomized field experiment with 928 recently unemployed persons. The experimental treatment included an intervention that succeeded in promoting quality reemployment outcomes, as described in earlier reports (Caplan et al., 1989; Vinokur et al., 1991). Using Ajzen's theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1985, 1988), the analyses examined the mediating effects of job-search self-efficacy, attitude, norms, and intention on job-search behavior. The results provided substantial support for the theory of planned behavior and demonstrated the mediational role of job-search self-efficacy. For both 1- and 4-month posttests, job-search self-efficacy was shown to mediate the effects of the intervention through its direct effects on job-search intention and on short term job-search behavior, as well as through its indirect effects on subjective norms and attitude. However, in the longer term 4-month posttest, exposure to the intervention had a direct effect on job-search behavior. This long-term direct effect of the intervention was hypothesized to reflect the influence of inoculation against setbacks which is essential for sustaining the long-term behavioral efforts involved in job seeking.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2006

[Are chest radiographs justified in pre-employment examinations? Presentation of legal position and medical evidence based on 1760 cases].

BACKGROUND: The legal and medical basis for chest radiographs as part of pre-employment examinations (PEE) at a University Hospital is evaluated. The radiographs are primarily performed to exclude infectious lung disease. METHODS: A total of 1760 consecutive chest radiographs performed as a routine part of PEEs were reviewed retrospectively. Pathologic findings were categorized as "nonrelevant" or "relevant." RESULTS: No positive finding with respect to tuberculosis or any other infectious disease was found; 94.8% of the chest radiographs were completely normal. Only five findings were regarded as "relevant" for the individual. No employment-relevant diagnosis occurred. CONCLUSIONS: The performance of chest radiography as part of a PEE is most often not justified. The practice is expensive, can violate national and European law, and lacks medical justification.

Communicable Diseases↗
PubMed1999

Remodeling of the occupational medical examination program in South Korea.

The South Korean government carried out reforms in the occupational medical examination program over a period of 2 years from 1997 to 1998 in a response to the discontent of workers, who had complained that occupational medical examinations were merely ritualistic and unproductive. The purposes of this manuscript are to describe the reason for the remodeling, with a historical review of the existing occupational medical examination program in South Korea, and to discuss the main issues involved in remodeling the program. The existing occupational medical examination program in South Korea was reviewed and criticized. The basic philosophy and the main issues in remodeling South Korea's occupational medical examination program were also discussed. In conclusion, the occupational medical examination program should not be conducted in a uniform manner according to legal regulations, but should be a part of overall occupational health services. Individual workplaces should be given the autonomy to perform medical examinations according to the characteristics of the workplace. An enabling approach based on the participation of labor and management should be taken into consideration.

Civil Rights↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The proposal-reality gap: the mechanics of implementing a funded research proposal.

In summary, planning is the key to smooth implementation of a newly funded study. Adequate planning reduces the time necessary to hire personnel, purchase equipment and supplies, acquire space, manage the budget, maintain agency contacts and provide for smooth agency orientation, and complete the pilot study. Moving smoothly into data collection ensures that the project will be on target by the end of the first year of funding and that the investigator will have an opportunity to demonstrate scholarly productivity. Pilot testing pieces of the research protocol during the period between submission of the proposal and notification of the funding decision will facilitate smooth transition either to data collection or to revision and improvement of the proposal for resubmission.

Budgets↗
PubMed1994

Portfolios and Accreditation of Prior Experiential Learning (APEL) make credits ... or problems?

A selected literature review on the use of portfolios is presented and points in relation to their use, particularly within the English National Board (ENB) Framework and Higher Award, are discussed. Aspects such as the potentially time-consuming nature of portfolio production and the absence of research on their use in British nursing are highlighted. The author concludes by suggesting some aspects of portfolio use that might benefit from monitoring and research.

Accreditation↗
PubMed1989

Spectrophotometric determination of pefloxacin in pharmaceutical preparations.

It has been established that the antibiotic pefloxacin (Abaktal) methanesulphonate reacts with Fe(III) at pH 1.00-8.00 to form a water-soluble complex with maximum absorbance at 360 nm. The composition of the complex, determined spectrophotometrically by the application of Job's, molar-ratio and Bent-French's methods, was pefloxacin: Fe(III) = 1:1 (pH = 2.50; lambda = 360 nm; mu = 0.1 M). The relative stability constant, obtained by the methods of Sommer and Asmus was 10(5.02) (pH = 2.50; lambda = 360 nm; mu = 0.1 M). The molar absorptivity of the complex at 360 nm was found to be 4.8 x 10(3) l mol-1 cm-1. Beer's law was followed for pefloxacin concentrations of 2.15-85.88 micrograms ml-1. The lower sensitivity limit of the method was 2.15 micrograms ml-1. The relative standard deviation (n = 10) was 0.57-1.07%. The method can be applied to the rapid and simple determination of pefloxacin in aqueous solutions and tablets.

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The department chair position in academic nursing.

There is a dearth of information on the role of the department chairperson in the nursing literature. As defined in this article, a chairperson is the middle manager and interface between the dean and the faculty. Chairperson refers to the leader of an adult health, maternal/parent child, community, or mental health department who reports to the dean of the School of Nursing. Using transitional theories as the undergirding framework, this article describes the transition from faculty to a chairperson position and the roles and responsibilities of the position. The chairperson must facilitate positive relationships, increase faculty productivity, and empower faculty. This constitutes the foundation for chairperson to facilitate greater faculty development, teaching excellence, and relationships. Implications for ways that nursing leaders may improve this position through the evaluative process are explored.

Efficiency, Organizational↗
PubMed2005

The influence of communicator weight on psychoeducational message acceptance in females with high vs. low levels of body image disturbance.

Researchers have yet to examine the effect of the communicator's weight status on participants' responses to an eating disorder or body dissatisfaction prevention program. It is plausible that participants may be reactive to the weight of the communicator (e.g., therapist), which might adversely affect acceptance of the message contained in the program. In the current study, 217 college females were randomly assigned to three communicator weight conditions (underweight, average weight, and overweight). Participants in each group were subdivided by trait body dissatisfaction level, based on a median split. The procedure involved the implementation of a well-established psychoeducational intervention designed to decrease endorsement of the thin-ideal. Results supported the overall efficacy of the intervention but indicated a minimal effect for participant's trait dissatisfaction level and communicator weight status on a variety of outcome measures. Limitations of the current study are provided, as well as recommendations for future research.

Adolescent↗