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At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Intraperitoneal injection of lactoferrin ameliorates severe albumin extravasation and neutrophilia in LPS-induced inflammation in neonatal rats.

Lactoferrin (LF) plays various anti-inflammatory roles in inflammation experimentally induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). But the effects of LF on albumin extravasation and neutrophilia have not been elucidated. We aimed to study the effects of LF on albumin extravasation, neutrophilia and/or on other symptoms in inflammation caused by LPS in rats. Human lactoferrin (hLF) was injected (10 mg/100 mL in PBS) 18 h, or 15 min prior to, or 60 min after intraperitoneal injection of LPS in 13 days old Sprague Dawley rats. Prophylactic injection of hLF significantly ameliorated albumin extravasation in ascitic fluid at 5 h and neutrophilia in the blood at 24 h after LPS injection, but the after-injection of hLF did not. Interestingly, an injection of rat anti-TNFalpha IgG 15 min prior to LPS injection did not ameliorate albumin extravasation. Prophylactic injection of hLF significantly ameliorated other symptoms like mortality, and the decrease of phagocytotic activity of peritoneal polymorpho-nuclear leukocytes (PMNL), but did not ameliorate the decrease of platelets in the plasma. These findings suggest that hLF may be available as a medical treatment prior to surgery for prophylaxis of side effects like albumin extravasation or neutrophilia.

Albumins↗
PubMed1991

[Inflammatory process caused by intraperitoneal injection of polyester in the rat: chemotactic activity in lavage fluid from the cavity].

Minced polyester threads introduced into peritoneal cavity of guinea pigs or rats cause a granulomatous inflammation with evidence of macrophage stimulation. Chemotactic agents play an important role in the inflammatory reaction; they may be exogenous and/or endogenous. These are released locally by the cells involved in inflammation. In this paper the chemotactic effects of the peritoneal fluids from rats bearing the polyester inflammatory process, have been studied on PMN cells "in vitro". The peritoneal cavity fluids were obtained by washing the cavity of untreated rats or rats intraperitoneally injected with polyester, 1, 3, 7, 14 days after the intraperitoneal injection. The chemotactic response was assayed by employing modified chemotaxis Boyden chambers (Blind Well Neuro Probe) and polymorphonuclear leukocytes from normal or treated rats. Quantification of the migration was calculated by chemotactic index (A/B) (B = random migration, A = chemotaxis). The results demonstrated that the peritoneal fluids taken 3 and 7 days after the intraperitoneal polyester injection, elicit an evident chemotaxis response greater than that showed by peritoneal fluids from control rats. It is suggested that chemotactic factors can be produced and released by mononuclear cells involved in the inflammatory process.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Up-regulation of surface antigens on epiplexus cells in postnatal rats following intraperitoneal injections of lipopolysaccharide.

Epiplexus cells in postnatal rats exhibited a remarkable up-regulation of major histocompatibility complex class I and II antigen expression after intraperitoneal administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide; other surface antigens, i.e. complement type 3 receptors and leukocyte common antigens, were also vigorously elevated when compared with those of the corresponding control rats. The immunostaining of epiplexus cells with OX-42, OX-18 and OX-1 for the detection of complement type 3 receptors, major histocompatibility class I and leukocyte common antigens, respectively, was noticeably enhanced with a drastic increase in their numbers. The most significant finding was the upsurge of OX-6-positive epiplexus cells exhibiting major histocompatibility class II antigens, especially in rats receiving two intraperitoneal injections of lipopolysaccharide and killed at the age of 14 days. Immunoelectron microscopy confirmed the above findings and added the fact that the immunoreactive site was confined to the plasma membrane. An interesting feature was the occurrence of OX-6-positive macrophage-like cells in transit across the choroid epithelium. It is concluded from this study that the upsurge of immunopositive epiplexus cells after lipopolysaccharide injections was partly attributed to the infiltration of stromal macrophages which migrated across the epithelium. The up-regulation of major histocompatibility complex class I and II antigen expression on epiplexus cells by lipopolysaccharide would enable them to carry out self-recognizing and antigen-presenting function in the ventricular system.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Sustained elevated plasma aprotinin concentration in mice following intraperitoneal injections of w/o emulsions incorporating aprotinin.

This study was initiated to test the feasibility of w/o emulsions as a sustained release system for aprotinin following intraperitoneal injection in mice. The emulsion was well tolerated in mice and sustained release was observed over a period of 96 h. The time for maximum plasma concentration of aprotinin was 10 min and 12 h after injection of a control solution and the emulsion dosage form, respectively. Furthermore, the hemolytic activity of the emulsion constituents was low indicating a low acute toxicological potential of the emulsion. The present study also showed that the lipolytic activity in peritoneal exudate from mice is important for the clearance of oily vehicles from the peritoneal cavity with lipolytic rate constants ranging from 50 to 130 nmol free fatty acid released/min/mg exudate protein at 37 degrees C, pH 8.5. It was concluded that the w/o emulsion was well suited to provide sustained elevated plasma aprotinin concentrations in mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

C-fos expression in the rat brain after intraperitoneal injection of lithium chloride.

The distribution of evoked expression of the proto-oncogene c-fos was immunohistochemically examined in the rat brain after intraperitoneal injection of isotonic LiCl, which is commonly used to induce internal malaise in the conditioned taste aversion paradigm. C-fos-like immunoreactive neurones (c-fos neurones) were most densely observed in the central amygdaloid nucleus, external lateral subnucleus of the parabrachial nucleus (PBN), posteromedial and commissural parts of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius (NTS) and area postrema (AP). Experiments including vagotomy, intravenous injection of LiCl and lesions of the area postrema suggest that NTS neurones are activated via both sides of the vagus nerves, while AP neurones, humorally as well as neurally via the vagal nerve with a right side predominance. The activated NTS and AP neurones project mainly to the external lateral subnucleus of the PBN and lightly to the central lateral subnucleus of the PBN. These results are discussed in terms of the role of LiCl in the formation of conditioned taste aversion.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Induction of major histocompatibility class II antigen on microglial cells in postnatal and adult rats following intraperitoneal injections of lipopolysaccharide.

Microglial cells, notably the ramified form, were induced to express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen in postnatal and adult rats given intraperitoneal injections of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The immunoreactive microglia which occurred in cell colonies or clusters were detected immunohistochemically with the monoclonal antibody OX-6. Some of the widely distributed MHC II positive cells were round or amoeboidic located preferentially in the perivascular area. In view of the widespread occurrence of microglial cells showing OX-6 immunoreactivity which is negligible in normal animals, it is suggested that the effect of LPS on microglia in vivo is a widespread phenomenon and is independent of age. It is suggested that the endotoxin not only triggers off the immunological potentiality of these cells but also elicits the entry of some mononuclear cells into the brain parenchyma.

Aging↗
PubMed1994

Expression of major histocompatibility complex class II antigen on amoeboid microglial cells in early postnatal rat brain following intraperitoneal injections of lipopolysaccharide.

In rats given two single intraperitoneal injections of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at 1 and 4 days of age and killed at 7 days of age, 11.5--12% of amoeboid microglial cells (AMC) in the supraventricular corpus callosum were induced to express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen, as detected with monoclonal antibody OX-6. The MHC class II antigen induced was colocalized with MHC class I antigen and type 3 complement receptors on the same cells. The expression of MHC class II antigen on the plasma membrane of AMC was confirmed in immunoelectron microscopy. Although OX-6-positive AMC often assumed a perivascular position, the majority of them, however, were far removed from the blood vessels. The cytoplasmic processes of the perivascular OX-6-positive AMC appeared to rest directly on the vascular lamina, and in some section profiles they were in contact with a large surface area of the outer wall of small blood vessels. It is concluded from this study that although MHC class II antigen is not constitutively present on AMC, it is, however, inducible under stimulation with LPS. It is, therefore, suggested that the OX-6-positive AMC, especially the perivascular AMC, may have the potentiality to function as antigen-presenting cells in the developing brain when challenged by LPS.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Lethal and sub-lethal yessotoxin dose-induced morpho-functional alterations in intraperitoneal injected Swiss CD1 mice.

Histological and immunocytochemical investigations were performed on different organs (brain, duodenum and thymus) of mice following lethal (420 microg/kg) or sublethal (10 microg/kg) intraperitoneal injection of yessotoxin (YTX). No morpho-functional modifications were observed in large neurons of the cerebral and cerebellar cortex with the sub-lethal dose, nor in the cerebral cortex with the lethal dose. The duodenum also did not show significant alterations. However, there was an inflammation response to the toxin, in which blood cells and cytokines were involved. This was more evident with the lethal YTX dose. The thymus and, in general, the immune system are the main targets of YTX at both the concentrations used. Furthermore, the alterations present in the thymus may support tumorigenic implications.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1979

Incorporation of [15N]-ethanolamine and [15N]-choline into phospholipids in various organ tissues of young and adult mice after the intraperitoneal injection.

Incorporation of [15N]-ethanolamine into phospholipids in various organ tissues of 12-days-old and adult mice was investigated in the time course after the intraperitoneal injection. The incorporation of [15N]-choline into phosphatidylcholine was also investigated only in adult mice. Concentration of 15N-atom% excess in different phospholipids was determined by optical emission spectroscopic 15N-analyser. It was found that the incorporation of [15N]-ethanolamine into phosphatidylethanolamine gave different rates in various organ tissues. The [15N]-phosphatidylethanolamine was converted into [15N]-phosphatidylcholine only in liver which gave the highest incorporation rate of [15]-ethanolamine into phosphatidylethanolamine. The rates of transmethylation of phosphatidylethanolamine into phosphatidylcholine were estimated and found to be much higher in young mice than in adult, even if the time lag in the transmethylation was observed in young mice. Also, it was noted that [15N]-choline was actively incorporated into phosphatidylcholine specifically in liver, but hardly in the extrahepatic organ tissues. The phosphatidylcholine synthesized in liver seemed to be rather transferred directly to the extrahepatic organ tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Tissue remodeling following submassive hemorrhagic necrosis in rat livers induced by an intraperitoneal injection of dimethylnitrosamine.

We examined regeneration and fibrosis in the necrotic areas of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Acute hepatic injury was induced in rats by administration of an intraperitoneal injection of high-dose dimethylnitrosamine (50 mg/kg body weight). Liver samples were obtained from rats 6, 12, 24, 36 h and 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 days after the injection. They were examined by light and electron microscopy and by immunohistochemical methods. Hemorrhagic necrosis became most prominent 36 h after treatment and extended into zones 3 and 2. In the submassive necrotic areas the sinusoidal structure was destroyed. No HSCs positive for alpha-smooth muscle actin or desmin were present. On day 5, when necrotic tissues were almost removed by infiltrating macrophages, HSCs strongly positive for alpha-smooth muscle actin and desmin appeared along the surface of the preserved parenchyma and migrated into the necrotic areas along the residual reticulin fibers. By day 14 most of the necrotic areas were almost completely replaced by the regeneration of hepatocytes and central to central (C-C) bridging fibrosis. Our results indicate that following submassive complete necrosis, HSCs in the preserved liver parenchyma have roles in the formation of sinusoidal wall for remodeling in necrotic areas via their activation, proliferation, and migration into the necrotic areas.

Actins↗
PubMed1981

The influence of intraperitoneal injections of histamine on tumour growth in fibrosarcoma-bearing mice.

Twenty C57BL/6 male and 20 C3H female mice carrying a methyl cholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma received, daily, intraperitoneal injections of histamine dihydrochloride (1.8 mg or 6 mg histamine base/mouse). In all histamine-treated C57BL/6 mice, tumour growth was significantly slower than in control mice until day 18. Thereafter, the tumour growth rate of treated compared to control mice was accelerated. In 10 out of 20 C3H mice, tumour growth was significantly slower until day 25; in histamine responsive C3H mice, histological studies showed numerous and large loci of acute haemorrhagic necrosis in the tumours.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Micronucleus test with ethyl methanesulfonate administered by intraperitoneal injection and oral gavage.

The effect of route of administration on the outcome of the micronucleus test was studied by administering ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) by oral gavage (p.o.) and intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) to males of 2 mouse strains, MS/Ae and CD-1. Based on preliminary studies, consisting of a small-scale acute toxicity test and a pilot experiment to determine the optimal sampling time and the appropriate dosages, a micronucleus test was conducted with a 24-h sampling time and doses of 50-400 mg/kg i.p. and p.o. EMS significantly induced micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) with a clear positive dose response by both routes in both strains. Moreover, both routes showed almost the same induction rate of MNPCEs at each dose level tested in both strains.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

Micronucleus test with procarbazine hydrochloride administered by intraperitoneal injection and oral gavage.

The difference in effect of route of administration of procarbazine hydrochloride (PCZ) in the mouse was investigated in the micronucleus test. PCZ was administered by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) and oral administration (p.o.) to 2 strains of male mice (MS/Ae and CD-1). On the basis of a small-scale acute toxicity test and a pilot micronucleus test, bone marrow preparations were prepared 24 h after the administration by the i.p. and p.o. routes of 50-400 mg/kg and 200-1600 mg/kg, respectively. The maximum incidence of polychromatic erythrocytes with micronuclei (MNPCEs) was somewhat higher after p.o. treatment in MS/Ae mice and the same with both routes in CD-1 mice. Thus, the clastogenicity of PCZ in mouse bone marrow was revealed by both routes.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Ultrastructure of mesothelial regeneration after intraperitoneal injection of asbestos fibres on rat omentum.

In order to describe the ultrastructural features of the early phases of regenerating mesothelium in rat peritoneum, 69 cases were examined after intraperitoneal injection of 0.05-15 mg crocidolite, chrysotile B and other mineral and synthetic fibers. The findings show the presence of intermediate or transition cells between proliferating submesothelial connective tissue cells bearing the ultrastructural phenotype of myofibroblasts and mature fully regenerated mesothelium. Our results and data accumulated in the literature provide strong support for the hypothesis of submesothelial cells origin for regenerating mesothelium.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Micronucleus test with 2-acetylaminofluorene by intraperitoneal injection and oral administration.

The effect of route of administration on the outcome of the mouse micronucleus test was evaluated in 2 laboratories by administering 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) and oral gavage (p.o.) to 2 mouse strains, MS/Ae and CD-1. On the basis of a small-scale acute toxicity study and a pilot micronucleus test, the full-scale experiment was performed with a 24-h sampling time at doses ranging from 75 to 600 mg/kg by both routes. The results indicated that 2-AAF induced micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) at all doses tested by both routes. In the MS/Ae strain, higher doses were required by p.o. than by i.p. to reach a similar level of MNPCE incidence. On the other hand, similar responses were recorded by both administration routes with CD-1 mice. Since the LD50 for the p.o. route was higher than that for the i.p. route in both strains, the route-related difference with MS/Ae mice became small when the comparison between i.p. and p.o. was made on the basis of the LD50. Thus both i.p. and p.o. routes are acceptable in the micronucleus test of this chemical.

2-Acetylaminofluorene↗
PubMed1955

Cellular mechanisms of protein metabolism in the nephron. VI. The immunological demonstration of egg white in droplets and other cellular fractions of the rat kidney after intraperitoneal injection.

Immunological analysis with a specific antiserum showed an increasing concentration of egg white proteins in the cortex of the kidney of the rat up to 18 hours after their intraperitoneal injection, and a fall in the following 40 hours. Homogenates of the cortical tissue prepared at 18 hours, the period of maximum droplet development, showed a large amount of the egg white proteins in the supernatant, considerable amounts in the fraction which contained the mitochondria, but the highest concentration, 6 times that of any other cell fraction, in the highly purified preparation of droplets. The relation of these findings to the morphological and histochemical evidence concerning the constitution of the droplets is discussed and the conclusion drawn that absorbed egg white proteins and mitochondrial substances are important elements in their formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Distribution of aluminium following intraperitoneal injection of aluminium lactate in the rat.

An animal experiment was performed to evaluate the absorption and distribution of aluminium in serum and tissues of normal rats. The animals were intraperitoneally injected with an aluminium lactate solution at a pH adjusted to 7.0. Before starting, a short preliminary study was carried out in order to verify the validity of the treatment with aluminium lactate instead of aluminium chloride at endogenous pH 3.4. Thirty-one rats were used in the main experiment, divided in four groups. In treated animals, the total Al-administered dose was 75.6 mg during 78 days of treatment. Furthermore, to evaluate the influence of the parathyroid hormone on Al absorption and/or distribution, 200 USP/rat of parathyroid hormone extract (PTH) were also administered during the last 5 days of the experiment. Aluminium content in serum, tibia, rib, brain, liver, muscle, kidney and spleen was determined. Calcium analysis in serum and bone was also performed. The highest concentrations of aluminium were found in liver and spleen, whereas the lowest level was found in the brain. The PTH effect on Al absorption was evident in brain and bone.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1982

Tumorigenesis at a predetermined oral site after one intraperitoneal injection of N-nitroso-N-methylurea.

Tumors in the soft tissues of the oral cavity of rats developed at predetermined sites as a result of a combination of an intraperitoneal injection of a direct-acting carcinogen. N-nitro-N-methylurea, and a continuous irritation of the buccal mucosa by a stainless steel wire. The incidence of histologically malignant tumors was significantly higher in the irritated area than in any other area of the body. These results constitute evidence for a carcinogenic mechanism whereby the cells that develop into tumors may require the promotional effect of a nonspecific, nonmutagenic stimulus.

Animals↗