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Results for “Income Distribution”

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At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Why do rich countries prefer free trade over free migration? The role of the modern welfare state.

"According to traditional trade theory (Heckscher-Ohlin), free trade and free migration are equivalent measures of economic integration leading both to an equalization of factor prices. This prediction is in sharp opposition to the observed preference of rich countries for free trade over free migration. We provide an explanation for this inconsistency: the redistribution policies in the countries. Social welfare in countries with a relatively small number of low-skilled native workers is higher with free trade than with free migration due to redistribution of income towards immigrating workers."

Commerce↗
PubMed1989

[On the importance of nonparametric approaches for a comparison of income inequality in different countries].

"A comparison of income inequality in different countries can be made on the basis of parametric or nonparametric approaches. Using nonparametric instead of parametric approaches may raise the validity of such comparisons in some respects. However, new sources of validity reduction may be linked with nonparametric approaches. An important source of validity reduction is the influence of the type of data grouping on inequality measures. Therefore, nonparametric approaches are not strictly preferable to parametric approaches when comparing income inequality in different countries." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Economics↗
PubMed1991

[Families with and without children: poverty or affluence? Evidence for Canada and Quebec from 1971 to 1987].

"This study compares the economic well-being of families with and without children and looks into their place in the size distribution of income, in Canada and Quebec from 1971 to 1987. The evidence presented in the paper suggests that having children reduces the chances of affluence and increases the risk of poverty. Viewed from the perspective of the low levels of fertility in Canada and in Quebec, the evidence casts some doubts on the consistency of recent changes, by the two levels of government, in the fiscal and transfer policies concerning families with children." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Hematocrit levels and race: an argument against the adoption of separate standards in screening for anemia.

The average hematocrit levels of black children have been widely reported to be about two to three percent lower than those of white children. Until recently, the relative contributions of economic, nutritional, and genetic factors to these differences have been unspecified. Based on new evidence and reanalysis of past data, however, some investigators now argue that genetic differences exist which transcend economic status. Separate screening standards are thus recommended for black children-standards which would define fewer as anemic. The present paper discusses methodological inadequacies in the evidence supporting the separate standards argument, focusing on the skewed economic distributions by race which suggest economic disparities within the racial subgroups compared. Findings are presented from a study of children in Washington, DC, to illustrate the role of particular risk factors known to be differentially distributed by income (eg, multiparity, birthweight, source of medical care). These factors are associated with varying hematocrit levels, even among blacks, and they also appear to account for a large part of the black-white hematocrit differentials. Study findings cast doubt on conclusions about the genetic basis of hematocrit differences and suggest that, without better evidence, it would be inappropriate to adopt lower standards for blacks in screening for anemia.

Adult↗