Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “IOTHALAMIC ACID”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

CT diagnosis of non-traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage in patients with brain edema.

The aim of the study is to prove, retrospectively, that it is unlikely that the computerized tomography (CT) diagnosis of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SH) accompanies the CT diagnosis of generalized brain edema. A total of 100 comatose patients underwent CT of the brain. Of this number, 42 underwent an enhanced CT scan. In 26 patients, lumbar puncture was also performed. A control group of ten patients diagnosed with headache and having a normal CT scan underwent NECT and ECT. Measurements of the white and gray matter density in Hounsfield units (HU) were performed in all 110 cases, including the controls. The brain tissue density and the difference between the densities of the white and gray matter were lower in the cases with brain edema than in the controls. The data values were statistically significant. Small cerebral ventricles, sulci and cisterns and small differences between white and gray matter measurements were observed in the CT scans of the brain edema cases. All 100 patients had CT diagnosis of brain edema and SH. There was no bloody or xanthochromic CSF in any of the 26 lumbar punctures performed. In the enhanced CT scans, there was poor or no filling of the lateral sinuses. The compression of the lateral sinuses by the edematous brain tissue most probably results in their stenosis or obstruction due to disturbed brain venous drainage which can mimic CT findings of SH.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Evaluation of early postoperative coronary artery bypass graft patency by contrast-enhanced computed tomography.

Fifty patients with 117 coronary bypass grafts were studied by contrast-enhanced computed tomography at an average of 5 +/- 4 days after surgery to determine if this technique was a feasible method for detecting early postoperative graft occlusion. The study was limited in only three patients because of incisional chest pain (one patient) or multiple metal clips attached to the graft (two patients). The distal patency of sequential grafts cannot be determined by current techniques. There was a lower graft patency rate (70%) in the 10 patients with perioperative myocardial infarction than in the 40 (95%) without (p less than 0.025), but most regions of infarcted myocardium were perfused by patent grafts. There were eight graft occlusions in eight patients. The graft occlusion rate (30%) was significantly higher (p less than 0.025) in grafts with intraoperative flows less than 45 ml/min. The postoperative complications of myocardial dysfunction, arrhythmia and coronary artery spasm did not correlate with graft occlusion. Early graft occlusion is uncommon (7%) and usually occurs in grafts with low flows or severe distal disease (seven of eight grafts), or both. Thus, the need for early reoperation is very infrequent. It is concluded that contrast-enhanced computed tomography is feasible for the assessment of coronary bypass graft patency. Because early graft occlusion is unusual the technique may be an ideal noninvasive screening method.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Clinical superiority of a new nonionic contrast agent (iopamidol) for cardiac angiography.

The hemodynamic and electrophysiologic alterations induced by ionic contrast agents during cardiac angiography are well described. Recently nonionic contrast agents have become available for cardiac angiography. To evaluate the safety of these new agents, a double-blind randomized study was performed comparing a new nonionic agent (iopamidol) with a commonly used ionic contrast agent (Renografin-76). Eighty-one patients undergoing left ventriculography and coronary angiography were included; 41 received iopamidol and 40 received sodium meglumine diatrizoate (Renografin-76). After left ventriculography, there was a decrease in the arterial pressure with both contrast agents. However, the severity and the duration of hypotension were both significantly greater with Renografin-76 compared with the new nonionic agent (p less than 0.001). After selective injections of the coronary arteries, electrocardiographic analysis demonstrated that the increase in the QT interval (p less than 0.0002) and the changes in both the ST segment and T wave amplitude (p less than 0.001) were significantly greater in the Renografin-76 group compared with the iopamidol group. During coronary angiography, 8 of the 40 patients receiving Renografin-76 required temporary pacing for sinus pauses of 2.5 seconds or more, and 2 of the 40 also developed ventricular fibrillation. None of the 41 patients receiving iopamidol had these complications. This report demonstrates that the electrocardiographic changes, the severity and duration of hypotension and the incidence of serious arrhythmias are significantly greater with Renografin-76 than with iopamidol. Thus, this new nonionic agent appears to enhance the safety of cardiac angiography.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

[Ionized plasma calcium variations and injection of radiologic contrast media].

Ionized serum calcium was determined, using a selective electrode, after administration of 80 ml of radiological contrast medium. The ionized calcium concentration was significantly diminished during five minutes after injection (control: 0,98 +/- 0,02 mmol/l; 3 min: 0,94 +/- 0,02 mmol/l, p less than 0,01; 5 min: 0,94 +/- 0,01 mmol/l, p less than 0.05). Determinations were also performed in vitro on whole blood and separated plasma after addition of contrast medium. These determinations revealed a direct interaction between ionized calcium and contrast medium and the importance of the delay after mixing. Clinical consequences under the conditions of the study are probably null but this secondary effect of the contrast medium can explain incidents or accidents observed during the first local circulation of contrast medium especially during coronarography.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1984

[Serum histamine, osmolality and hemodynamics during aortography].

Translumbar aortic arteriography was carried out in sixteen patients by injecting 77 +/- 16 ml Télébrix 38 (sodium and meglumine ioxitalamate). Cardiac output was measured by thermodilution by means of a Swan-Ganz catheter. Anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone and fentanyl: the patients were under controlled ventilation. Arterial osmolalities at the 15th, 30th, 60th, 120th, 180th and 300th s showed a major increase, statistically significant from the 30th s on. Arterial and mixed venous histamine measured at the same time varied in parallel, showing a significant rise from the 30th s on for the arterial histamine level. The haemodynamic study of 29 injections showed a significant increase in the left and right ventricular systolic work indices, mostly due to an increase in the systolic index. These changes were similar to those seen during isovolaemic haemodilution. Two phenomena were therefore seen after translumbar aortic arteriography: an almost immediate histamine release, followed later by haemodilution.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Renal hypertrophy in experimental diabetes: some functional aspects.

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured by constant infusion of iothalamate in conscious rats with and without streptozotocin diabetes. Kidney weight had already increased significantly after 4 days of diabetes. GFR was unchanged at that time, but increased subsequently, so that GFR/kidney weight was normal after 1 month of diabetes. Tubular glucose reabsorption rate was increased to the same extent as kidney weight after 4 days of diabetes. It is concluded that renal growth in experimental diabetes cannot be initiated by glomerular hyperfiltration, but that increased glucose reabsorption may have a causal role.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Creation of radiopaque thrombi for in vivo experiments.

PURPOSE: A number of percutaneous thrombectomy devices are undergoing investigation for treatment of patients with venous thromboembolism. Use of radiopaque thrombus to monitor thrombus delivery and assess thrombectomy has been previously reported. The purpose of this project was to quantitatively test the effect of mixing different ratios of blood and contrast material to facilitate maximum thrombus formation and radiopacity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The following ratios of blood and contrast material were mixed: 2 mL blood to 8 mL contrast material (ratio = 0.25), 4 mL blood to 6 mL contrast material (ratio = 0.67), 6 mL blood to 4 mL contrast material (ratio = 1.5), and 8 mL blood to 2 mL contrast material (ratio = 4). Contrast material was added at day 0, 3, or 6. Each sample received one of two ionic contrast agents to opacify the clots. At day 14, thrombus mass and opacity were determined. RESULTS: Three combinations of blood and contrast material produced maximum thrombus and radiopacity. These were sodium iothalamate 30% with a ratio of 4 with contrast material added on day 0 and sodium iothalamate 60% with a ratio of 1.5 with contrast material added on day 3 or 6. CONCLUSIONS: When forming radiopaque thrombi, significant differences can result from the ratio of blood to contrast material used. Contrast material type can also affect radiopacity and mass formed. The use of optimal ratios of blood to contrast material should maximize device evaluation with minimal wasting of valuable resources such as test subjects, physician time, and equipment.

Contrast Media↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Power injection of peripherally inserted central catheters.

PURPOSE: To study the tolerance of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) of varying sizes and materials to power injection of radiographic contrast agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight different models of silicone and five different models of polyurethane single-lumen PICCs were injected with increasing rates of iothalamate 60% with use of a power injector. Tolerated and bursting rates and pressures were recorded. RESULTS: There was a wide range of tolerated rates and pressures, depending on the inner and outer diameters of the catheters and on the catheter material. Silicone PICCs tolerated rates between 0.4 and 7.0 mL/sec and polyurethane PICCs tolerated rates between 0.6 and 10.2 mL/sec, depending on the specific catheter. The 5-F silicone PICCs and the 4-F and 5-F polyurethane PICCs tested all tolerated rates greater than 4 mL/sec. Silicone catheters tolerated pressures between 107 and 184 psi, and polyurethane catheters tolerated pressures between 160 and 314 psi. CONCLUSIONS: Larger single-lumen silicone and polyurethane PICCs may be suitable for power injection of contrast agents.

Catheterization, Central Venous↗
PubMed2000

Creatinine-based estimation of rate of long term renal function loss in lung transplant recipients. Which method is preferable?

BACKGROUND: Progressive renal function loss during long-term follow up is common after lung transplantation and close monitoring is warranted. Since changes in creatinine generation and excretion may occur after lung transplantation, the reliability of creatinine-based methods of renal function assessment to serial measurements of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were compared in this population. METHODS: Renal function with serial measurements of GFR by iothalamate clearance every 6 months after transplantation was studied in a cohort of 40 lung transplant recipients with at least 24 months of follow up, transplanted between November 1990 and October 1995 in this center. The correlation between the rate of renal function loss calculated from the slope of GFR and the following creatinine-based indices: 1/S-creatinine, Cockcroft clearance and Levey estimation were analyzed. The absolute difference between GFR and Cockcroft clearance and Levey estimation pre- post-transplantation at several points was also studied. RESULTS: The slopes of 1/S-creatinine (r = 0.85), Cockcroft clearance (r = 0.86), and the Levey estimation (r = 0.84) correlated significantly with the slope of GFR as measured by iothalamate clearance. However, all creatinine-based slopes underestimate the rate of GFR loss. Cockcroft clearance and the reciprocal value of serum creatinine do not detect small GFR losses. During long-term follow up a time-dependent discrepancy between Cockcroft clearance, Levey estimation and GFR was observed which may partially explain the observations for this population. CONCLUSION: Creatinine-based slopes correlate with GFR slopes after lung transplantation, but consistently underestimate the rate of GFR decline. The Levey estimation is the most sensitive method used to detect small GFR losses and may be preferable when no GFR measurement is available. In special conditions when an accurate renal function assessment is needed true GFR may be necessary.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Urineless estimation of glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow in the rat.

A simple method to perform serial renal clearance studies without urine collection in rats is described. This was applied to nonradiolabelled para-aminohippurate sodium (PAH) and iothalamate sodium (IOT) which were used respectively to estimate renal plasma flow (RPF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Under isoflurane-anesthesia the jugular vein and carotid artery of Fischer 344 rats were cannulated, and a loading dose followed by a continuous infusion of PAH and IOT was administered. Steady state was reached after 30 min, and four arterial blood samples were collected over the next 30 min for analysis by HPLC (day 0). The clearances of PAH and IOT were calculated according to Fick's principle as estimates of RPF and GFR from the ratio of the infusion rates to the median solute concentrations. Three days later the femoral artery and vein were cannulated, and the same study was repeated (day 3). There was no significant difference in renal clearances of PAH and IOT between days 0 and 3. The described method gives values that compare well with others in the literature based on other methods and presents an accurate and simple way of detecting changes in renal function before and after a potentially nephrotoxic treatment regimen.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

A role for nitric oxide in X-ray contrast material toxicity.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: We assessed the role that nitric oxide (NO) plays in contrast media (CM) toxicity, using 100% lethal dose (LD100) studies in hyperimmune Brown Norway (BN) rats. METHODS: Ninety-two BN rats and 41 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats underwent CM LD100 tail vein injections with methylglucamine iothalamate or sodium iothalamate to the point of cessation of respiration. Methylglucamine hydrochloride also was injected. The injections were accompanied by L-arginine (L-Arg) or D-arginine (D-Arg) analogues or by an H1 blocker. L-Arg analogues inhibit NO formation, and D-Arg analogues do not. RESULTS: An L-Arg analogue, but not a D-Arg analogue, increased the tolerance of BN rats (p < .005) for methylglucamine iothalamate but not for sodium iothalamate. The L-Arg analogue also protected BN rats against methylglucamine chloride injections (p < .002). H1 blockade protected BN rats against methylglucamine iothalamate (p < .0005) and methylglucamine chloride (p < .005) injections. None of these measures altered the CM tolerance of SD rats. In SD rats, injections of either methylglucamine iothalamate or sodium iothalamate along with a D-Arg analogue or normal saline were better tolerated than similar injections in BN rats (p < .01 and .002 for methylglucamine iothalamate and sodium iothalamate, respectively). In SD rats but not BN rats, sodium iothalamate was better tolerated than was methylglucamine iothalamate (p < .0005). CONCLUSION: NO appears to play a significant role in BN rats LD100 CM toxicity and has been implicated by others in the blood pressure fall characterizing some forms of antigen-induced anaphylaxis [1, 2]. The results of the current study and the literature suggest that methylglucamine-modulated release of histamine from mast cells may underlie the NO production.

Anaphylaxis↗