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At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Resorption of synthetic porous hydroxyapatite and replacement by newly formed bone.

Synthetic porous hydroxyapatite (HA) is commonly used as a bone substitute for bone defects which, previously, would have been treated by autogenous bone grafting. HA has been thought to be a nonbiodegradable material that remains as it is implanted. However, after long-term follow-up, some authors report that the margin of implanted HA blocks or granules is absorbed, suggesting that HA is biodegradable. We experienced a patient in whom synthetic HA blocks implanted in a bone defect of the ilium after the harvesting of full-thickness bone for grafting were extensively absorbed and replaced by newly formed bone 6 years and 7 months after the implantation. Therefore, we conclude that HA is biodegradable. Sintering temperature, porosity, and pore diameter seem to influence the biodegradability of HA.

Absorption↗
PubMed1984

Synthesis and biological activities of neurokinin alpha and beta.

Two novel neuropeptides, neurokinin alpha and beta isolated from porcine spinal cord, were announced. We have synthesized neurokinin alpha as Asp-Met-His-Asp-Phe-Phe-Val-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2, which were 98-99% pure by HPLC. Assays on the isolated guinea pig ilium showed neurokinin alpha to have 81% and neurokinin beta to have 65% of the activity of Substance P. Knowledge of these three related peptides having a common activity opens new considerations of their intrinsic physiological roles in neurotransmission versus pharmacological activities, and reappraisal of the diverse activities of Substance P including that in the inflammatory response of the eye.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1983

Fractures at cancellous bone graft donor sites.

Two cases of fracture, which followed removal of bone for grafting are presented. One affected the femur and one the ilium. The implications of this complication are discussed.

Bone Transplantation↗
PubMed1990

Open pelvic fractures.

We reviewed 32 patients with open pelvic fractures treated over a 5-year period. Eleven patients had isolated fractures of the ilium and in 21 patients pelvic ring disruption was associated with a perineal laceration. Three patients died from massive haemorrhage soon after admission and one patient from severe sepsis. Early pelvic stabilization and meticulous attention to the soft tissue injury proved invaluable in the management of open unstable pelvic fractures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Autogenous bone graft procedures for atrophic edentulous mandibles.

Using a joint oral surgery-prosthodontic team approach, five patients with extreme atrophy of the edentulous mandible were selected for augmentation of the mandible with autogenous bone grafts from the crest of the ilium. All were wearing restorations considered adequate, but they had difficulty tolerating the lower dentures. An extraoral submandibular surgical approach was employed with few postoperative complications. Sulcus extension procedures were unnecessary after surgery, and four of the five patients received lower prostheses in approximately 3 months. The oral surgeon, the prosthodontist, and the five patients considered the results successful.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effect on bone ash weights of long-term treatment of mice with oral promethazine HCl.

Ten and 18-month-old female B6D2F1 mice were given promethazine HCl in their drinking water (2.0-4.0 mg/dl and 1.0 mg/dl, respectively) and age, sex and weight matched controls were given acidified tap water. The surviving mice were killed when they were 30.5 months old and femur, ilium and sacrum ash weights were determined. It was found that promethazine HCl effectively prevented age-related mineral loss at the higher does level. There was no evidence of excess morbidity or mortality among the mice given promethazine.

Aging↗
PubMed1988

Reconstruction after hemimandibulectomy using a costochondral rib graft and a dacron-urethane tray with autogenous iliac bone: report of a case.

A case is presented that describes a method of mandibular reconstruction using a costochondral graft for replacement of the condyle that is attached to a dacron-urethane tray filled with particulate bone and marrow harvested from the ilium and secured to the distal mandibular segment with stainless steel wire. The requirements of graft immobilization and early return to function were met by initially using maxillomandibular fixation and then using external pin fixation with a small hinge incorporated into the acrylic bar. The advantages of using a dacron-urethane tray as opposed to a metallic tray are described, and the use of costochondral grafts is reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The use of color Doppler imaging for the assessment of sacroiliac joint stiffness: a study on embalmed human pelvises.

PURPOSE: The validity and reproducibility of an instrumented dynamic examination method to measure sacroiliac (SI) joint stiffness was tested in vitro. METHODS: Four embalmed human female pelvises were excitated by a pelvic vibrator. A color Doppler imaging (CDI) scanner was used to image the amplitude of vibrations at different sites of the pelvis. Vibrations were applied to the anterior superior iliac spines unilaterally and were received by CDI all over the ipsilateral SI region. Three different stability conditions were created in the SI joints: no intervention, screwed and ligaments cut. Test results were quantified by taking the minimum threshold levels of the bones. The relative difference of vibration intensity between ipsilateral ilium and sacrum at each stability condition is accepted as the stiffness level for the SI joint. RESULTS: Statistics showed high reproducibility and significant differences between the stability conditions. Dynamic testing based on the use of vibrations provides visible and quantifiable intra- and inter-individual differences between SI joint stiffnesses. CONCLUSIONS: This new method is objective and reproducible. Future in vivo application is promising since there are no technical and safety restrictions.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

The measurements of sacroiliac joint stiffness with colour Doppler imaging: a study on healthy subjects.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Primary peripartum pelvic and low back pain is a common complaint of females. The etiologic relation between pain and pelvic stability has been shown in previous studies, but at present there is no objective clinical testing method to evaluate pelvic stability. METHODS: In this study, a dynamic measurement method using sonoelasticity to assess the sacroiliac joint (SI) stiffness was tested in vivo in 14 healthy female volunteers. With the subjects in supine position vibrations were unilaterally applied to the anterior iliac spine. The vibrations were registered by a Colour Doppler Imaging (CDI) transducer over the ipsilateral SI joint. Since the threshold level of the apparatus has a direct relation with the power of the vibrations, the intensity of the vibrations (sonoelasticity) on the sacrum and ilium was measured indirectly in threshold units. The differences between the threshold values were accepted as the power loss of vibrations through the SI joint. One-way analysis of variance-test and T-test for paired samples were applied on the measurement results (P < 0.05). RESULTS: Statistically, the results showed a satisfactory intraindividual reproducibility and inter-individual variability. There was no significant difference between the data derived from the left SI joint and right SI joint. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the promising results on healthy female volunteers, this method will be specifically used in future studies on patients with peripartum pelvic pain.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

A classification of in vivo bone labels after double labeling in canine bones.

Labeling patterns were classified after double bone labeling of four male beagles, 10 months of age. Calcein and oxytetracycline were given on the 18th and the 7th day prior to simultaneous iliac and 11th rib biopsies. Undecalcified sections stained with the Villanueva bone stain were studied by epifluorescence microscopy. Five structures were identified and classified: the first or green label, the interlabel layer of mineralized bone, the second or yellow label, the post double-labeled mineralized bone layer, and osteoid seams. Doubly plus singly labeled surface equalled 40.8 +/- 8.4% of the total trabecular surface of the ilium. Doubly labeled surface as a percent of the total labeled surfaces equaled 55.5% in trabeculae and 68.1% in osteons, whereas green first-singly labeled surface equaled 24.2% and 11.9%, respectively, and yellow second-singly labeled surface equaled 20.3% and 20.0%, respectively. Unequivocal examples appeared in both biopsy sites of all four dogs of bone-forming systems that lacked one or the other label, or both, and also of systems in which cessation of mineralization or of new matrix formation occurred between the two labels and between the second label and the day of biopsy. The findings prove that the On-Off states in active bone-forming sites that have been postulated by other investigators do exist. Since widely different labeling patterns appeared in different bone-forming centers in the same bone and the same animal, a local factor rather than a systemic one should control those differences at the level of the BMU.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Titanium plate reconstruction of the osseous defect after harvest of a composite free flap using the deep circumflex iliac artery.

Hernia formation following harvest of bicortical iliac crest bone occurs infrequently as a late complication and may lead to chronic pain at the donor site and rarely to obstruction and strangulation of bowel. We describe the use of a custom-made titanium plate used to reconstruct the iliac donor site following harvest of a DCIA composite free flap. A pre-operative 3D CT and stereolithography model of the ilium are used to fabricate a titanium plate of the desired shape and size. This plate is used to reconstruct the donor site defect at the time of primary surgery. This technique may reduce late complications following DCIA composite free flap harvest.

Bone Plates↗
PubMed2005

Aging process variability on the human skeleton: artificial network as an appropriate tool for age at death assessment.

Adult age-at-death assessment is one of the most difficult problem encountered in paleoanthropology. Many procedures have been proposed using either skeletal remains or dental records, but most show systematic bias. Data processing of current methods are a source of error because they neglect that process of biological ageing is very variable between individuals and populations. The aim of this study is to test the potentiality of artificial neural networks (ANN) as a prediction tool. ANN have been used for a wide variety of applications where statistical methods are traditionally employed. But it performs better to solve linearly non separable patterns. We applied this technique after observation of several features' aging changes of the pubic symphysis and the auricular surface of the ilium. Although we failed to reduce the size of the intermediate class (30-59 years), the neural network identifies, with better reliability than previous works, the youngest (20-29 years) and the oldest (above 60 years) individuals.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve and iliac crest bone grafts--anatomical and clinical considerations.

This study investigates the topographical relationship of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) to the anterior iliac crest and its clinical relevance in the context of bone graft harvesting. In the anatomical part of the study, LFCN was dissected and its course investigated in 34 human formalin-embalmed cadavers. In the clinical part, data of patients who underwent an iliac crest bone grafting procedure were collected and analysed. The obtained results were then compared with the results of other investigators published in the medical literature. From 34 nerves, the lateral branch of 1 LFCN (2.9%) crossed the anterosuperior iliac spine (ASIS) prominence at a distance less than 5mm superolaterally from the most anterior point of the spine. All other nerves ran below the inguinal ligament with an average distance of 14.6mm in the inferomedial direction from the spine. In 4 out of 298 patients (1.3%) who underwent harvesting of monocortical bone grafts from the inner table of the ilium, sensory disturbances in the dermatome of LFCN were observed. After a maximum period of 12 months all sensory disturbances resolved so that no case of permanent sensory impairment was recorded. The relatively low incidences of iatrogenic LFCN damage can be attributed to a standardized surgical concept which employs a lateral incision and layer by layer dissection to the periosteum/iliacal fascia level in order to identify the nerves potentially crossing the iliac crest above the ASIS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Estimating differences in volumetric flat bone growth in pediatric patients by radiation treatment method.

PURPOSE: To estimate potential differences in volumetric bone growth in children with sarcoma treated with intensity-modulated (IMRT) and conformal (CRT) radiation therapy using an empiric dose-effect model. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A random coefficient model was used to estimate potential volumetric bone growth of 36 pelvic bones (ischiopubis and ilium) from 11 patients 4 years after radiotherapy. The model incorporated patient age, pretreatment bone volume, integral dose >35 Gy, and time since completion of radiation therapy. Three dosimetry plans were entered into the model: the actual CRT/IMRT plan, a nontreated comparable IMRT/CRT plan, and an idealized plan in which dose was delivered only to the planning target volume. The results were compared with modeled normal bone growth. RESULTS: The model predicted that by using the idealized, IMRT, and CRT approaches, patients would maintain 93%, 87%, and 84%, respectively (p = 0.06), of their expected normal growth. Patients older than 10 years would maintain 98% of normal growth, regardless of treatment method. Those younger than 10 years would maintain 87% (idealized), 76% (IMRT), or 70% (CRT) of their expected growth (p = 0.015). Post hoc testing (Tukey) revealed that the CRT and IMRT approaches differed significantly from the idealized one but not from each other. CONCLUSIONS: Dose-effect models facilitate the comparison of treatment methods and potential interventions. Although treatment methods do not alter the growth of flat bones in older pediatric patients, they may significantly impact bone growth in children younger than age 10 years, especially as we move toward techniques with high conformity and sharper dose gradient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Low back pain, the stiffness of the sacroiliac joint: a new method using ultrasound.

Abnormal biomechanical properties of the sacroiliac joints are believed to be related to low back and pelvic pain. Presently, physiotherapists judge the condition of the sacroiliac joints by function and provocation tests, and palpation. No objective measuring device is available. Research is ongoing to identify the biomechanical properties of the sacroiliac joints from the dynamic behaviour of the pelvic bones. A new concept based on ultrasound (US) for the measurement of bone vibration is under investigation. The objective of this study was to validate this concept on a physical model and to assess the applicability in vivo. A model consisting of a piezo shaker covered by a layer of US transmission gel (representing bone and soft tissue) has been used. A packet of US detection signals is directed onto the shaker and correlation-based processing is used to estimate the difference in time-of-flight of their echoes. These variations of time are used to compute the displacement of the shaker at each pulse reflection. To assess the validity of our US technique, we compared the obtained measurements with the readings of the built-in strain gauge sensor. The experimental procedure has been tested on a volunteer where low-frequency excitation was provided through the ilium and vibration detected on the sacrum and ilia. The results demonstrated that the correlation-based approach is capable of reproducing the piezo shaker displacements with high accuracy (+/- 7%). Vibration amplitudes from 0.25 microm to 3 microm could be measured. The US technique was able to detect bone vibration in vivo. In conclusion, the principle based on US waves can be used to develop a new measurement tool, instrumental in studying the relation between the biomechanical properties of the sacroiliac joints and low back pain.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1994

Iliac osteotomy: a model to compare the options in bladder and cloacal exstrophy reconstruction.

Bladder exstrophy and cloacal exstrophy present challenging reconstructive problems. Traditionally, bilateral posterior iliac osteotomy has been performed in the majority of patients undergoing primary closure for these abnormalities. Recently, 2 anterior osteotomy approaches have been proposed: 1) incision of the ilium transversely above the acetabulum (transverse osteotomy) and 2) incision of the superior ramus of the pubis (superior ramus osteotomy). We devised a new anterior mid-iliac diagonal osteotomy that provides a more functional pelvic closure. To provide a fair comparison of the procedures we developed a pelvic exstrophy model based on data from a 3-dimensional computerized tomogram of a 3-year-old patient with classical bladder exstrophy. The different osteotomies were then performed on the model and the results were compared. Our new anterior mid-iliac diagonal osteotomy correction allowed the best surgical approach, provided the best correction of the flattened ilia bony deformities, was performed in the thinnest area of marrow bone and resulted in the best pelvic symmetry.

Bladder Exstrophy↗
PubMed2003

Fetal bony pelvis in the bladder exstrophy complex: normal potential for growth?

OBJECTIVES: To provide the first look at the bony histologic features of fetuses with the exstrophy complex, specifically evaluating the endochondral ossification, stage of development, and microscopic potential for normal growth. METHODS: Three fetuses between 28 and 30 weeks of gestation, one with classic bladder exstrophy, one with cloacal exstrophy, and one control, were obtained from France. The bony pelves were dissected and preserved in formalin, and multiple representative sections were sliced from all pelvic areas: pubis, ischium, ilium, and sacrum. These slices were sequentially processed as slides, stained with hematoxylin-eosin, and evaluated microscopically for histologic changes, developmental stage, and degree of endochondral ossification. RESULTS: All slides from the three specimens showed cartilage analogue with endochondral ossification. Histologically the exstrophy specimens were identical to the control and appeared completely normal; bone development was occurring at an expected rate with the potential for continued normal growth. CONCLUSIONS: These new findings illustrate that fetal bone in the exstrophy complex displays normal microscopic growth patterns and unhindered endochondral ossification at 28 weeks of gestation, well beyond the embryologic period. With no evident microscopic bony defect, the gross bony anomalies in exstrophy should be surgically correctable, leading us to conclude that early reapproximation of the physiologic shape of the pelvis could lead to more normal gross bone growth, decreased shortage of bone, and a more appropriate distribution of the mechanical and developmental forces on a closed, normally functioning pelvic ring.

Abortion, Legal↗