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At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

The contributions of business and civil society sectors to rural capacity to solve local health issues.

The new health movement, which has emerged over the last decade, focuses decision making for program designs, interventions and health policies at the local level. This movement assumes that rural communities have the capacity to deal with local health issues. Local problem-solving capacity is based in local leadership patterns, relationships among different community sectors and the ability to select critical but feasible goals. In this research, 159 community leaders in 16 rural counties were interviewed regarding local health priorities, organizational interactions, and leadership roles in county health issues. Analysis of variance was used to identify differences among community sectors. The business and industry sector was found to interact with other organizations around health issues significantly less than all other sectors. Further, 69 percent of the business and industry sector compared with 32 percent of all other sectors thought that the business sector was a source of local leadership. The civil society sector, when compared with all other sectors, was significantly more likely to give priority to health services such as primary, specialty and auxiliary care goals. These findings suggest that rural communities need to find ways to more actively involve the business and industry sector in local health problem solving. In addition, the civil society sector brings to community problem solving a set of priorities that are often different from other sectors of the community.

Community Health Planning↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Data analysis of daily reports in general medicine].

Health priorities in a sample of 1,425 subjects of a defined urban population were studied from data collected routinely in general practice. Analysis of prevalence has shown 1/5 of circulatory diseases, 1/7 of respiratory diseases, 1/8 of musculoskeletal diseases, and 1/10 of mental disorders. According to incidence for the first medical examination, the leading diagnostic categories were diseases of the respiratory, circulatory, musculoskeletal, digestive, and genitourinary system. Both prevalence and incidence have shown that health priorities in the studied population were diseases of circulatory system, with hypertension, and diseases of the respiratory system, with common cold, of the highest prevalence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Local injury information, community participation and injury reduction.

Better injury prevention is now a national health priority in Australia. Applying the health promotion strategies of the Ottawa Charter to injury prevention forms the basis of the World Health Organization's worldwide Safe Communities program. Taking such a community-focused approach has led to quantifiable reductions in injuries in several overseas countries, particularly in Scandinavia where falls of up to 30 per cent in particular injuries have been reported over a three-year period. In the Illawarra area of New South Wales, data from local hospital emergency departments have been used as the basis for a 'community information' strategy, in an attempt to replicate this overseas experience in an Australian setting. Reductions of 17 per cent in attendances by children for injuries (P < 0.001) and a 14 per cent fall in accident-related hospital admissions of children (not statistically significant) have been observed over the course of the four-year intervention. Problems of community definition and external confounding influences outside the control of the project make it difficult to confirm a causal relationship. However, community information forms one important component in a comprehensive local injury-reduction strategy.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed2006

Obesity and disability - a short review.

The prevalence of both obesity and disability is increasing globally and there is now growing evidence to suggest that these two health priorities may be linked. This paper explores the evidence linking obesity to muscular-skeletal conditions, mental health disorders and learning disabilities in both adult and child populations. The impact of obesity on the four most prevalent disabling conditions in the UK (arthritis, mental health disorders, learning disabilities and back ailments) has been examined through novel data analysis of the 2001 Health Survey for England and UK Back Exercise And Manipulation trial data. Together these analyses strongly suggest that whether the cause or result of disability, obesity is undeniably implicated, thus presenting a serious public health priority. Future research efforts are required to strengthen the evidence base examining obesity in back disorders, mental health and learning disabilities, in order to improve current clinical management.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Teaching health economics: some guidelines arising from a WHO workshop.

This paper provides some guidelines for the teaching of health economics particularly but not exclusively to non-economist personnel in the health care sector. It arose from a workshop, sponsored by WHO (Regional Office for Europe) in Copenhagen in 1982, for training a few health service personnel from various European countries in the economics of health care. The material in the guidelines is organised under eight topic headings, each followed by the main themes of each topic and some possible teaching/learning problems. Organised in this way, it would be possible to use the outline as an eight-day course on health economics or eight weekly sessions in a traditional university undergraduate or postgraduate course. The eight topics covered include: (i) What is economics? (ii) Health measurement and valuation; (iii) The patient as demander; (iv) Supply and financing of health care; (v) Setting health priorities; (vi) Assessing the costs and benefits of alternatives; (vii) Strategies for efficiency in health care; and (viii) Equity in health and health care. At a time when there is an increasing demand for economic skills and trained economists with a knowledge of the health care sector, the article emphasises that it would be unfortunate if the view were to become widespread that economics is something that only economists do. Many decision-makers in health care make decisions every day to which the principles of economics can, and should be, applied. It is with a view to introducing more of these decision-makers to the principles of economic analysis that the authors have written this article. However, while some may gain directly, the article aims to stimulate and assist those who might contribute to this process by providing ideas on how economics of health care might be taught.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1998

Prioritization in community health planning: combining methods to achieve implementable priorities.

Community Health Planning (CHP) is one of the tools that states and localities use to develop health policies and programs. The author argues that, for CHP to succeed, it must include both positive/hierarchic data as well as interpretive information. To augment the discussion, the author discusses the State of Tennessee's effort to revamp its public health mission and strategies as specifically implemented in one county. The author contrasts the two types of data generated and argues that each has a legitimate claim in the CHP process: the "positive" data in the form of epidemiological statistics to inform the stakeholders and the "interpretive data" in the form of stakeholder participation for ownership of the process. The author then draws implications for states and localities to use diverse information sources as they improve services and service delivery to citizens and recipients.

Community Health Planning↗
PubMed2002

Fluoridation and social equity.

The overall reduction in caries prevalence and severity in the United States over recent decades is largely due to widespread exposure to fluoride, most notably from the fluoridation of drinking waters. Despite this overall reduction, however, caries distribution today remains skewed, with the poor and deprived carrying a disproportionate share of the disease burden. Dental caries, like many other diseases, is directly related to low socioeconomic status (SES). In some communities, however, caries experience has now diminished to the point where the need for continuing water fluoridation is being questioned. This paper argues that water fluoridation is still needed because it is the most effective and practical method of reducing the SES-based disparities in the burden of dental caries. There is no practical alternative to water fluoridation for reducing these disparities in the United States. For example, a school dental service, like those in many other high-income countries, would require the allocation of substantial public resources, and as such is not likely to occur soon. But studies in the United States, Britain, Australia, and New Zealand have demonstrated that fluoridation not only reduces the overall prevalence and severity of caries, but also reduces the disparities between SES groups. Water fluoridation has been named as one of the 10 major public health achievements of the 20th century by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and promoting it is a Healthy People objective for the year 2010. Within the social context of the United States, water fluoridation is probably the most significant step we can take toward reducing the disparities in dental caries. It therefore should remain as a public health priority.

Cariostatic Agents↗
PubMed2001

The Second Computer Assisted Telephone Interview (CATI) Forum: the state of play of CATI survey methods in Australia.

Computer Assisted Telephone Interview (CATI) systems are recognised in Australia and internationally for their ability to provide timely and relevant data on the health of the population. The Second CATI Population Health Surveys Forum highlighted the importance of this system for surveillance and using this information to determine priority health issues, develop strategies, monitor effectiveness of interventions, and influence health policy. A national CATI data collection strategy is required to determine priorities for health surveillance. Several development and technical issues need to be addressed for such a national strategy to provide a coordinated approach to health surveillance.

Australia↗
PubMed1988

AIDS funding: competing needs and the politics of priorities.

Despite the Department of Health and Human Service's 1983 claim that AIDS is the nation's "number one health priority," funding for AIDS research, prevention, and treatment remains inadequate. Worse, it is often marshaled from or juxtaposed against other necessary health allocations. Consequent AIDS-related resource crises include diverting funds for research on other diseases to AIDS investigations, propping up AIDS prevention efforts at the expense of traditional sexually transmitted disease control programs, and pitting the health needs of AIDS patients against the needs of those seeking other urgent health services, e.g., prenatal care. While this forced competition typically is blamed on fiscal constraints, examination of federal spending priorities suggests that it results principally from Reagan Administration policies. This Administration has consistently boosted military spending at the expense of social and health services, and has deliberately undermined efforts to obtain sufficient and new allocations for AIDS. In order to avert political divisions spurred by competition for currently scarce resources, AIDS and other health activists together must argue that excessive military allocations must be shifted to health research and services, and that a national health program must be implemented, if AIDS programs are to be funded appropriately without jeopardizing other necessary health initiatives.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

[From tropical medicine to medicine in the tropics--priorities in the control of transmissible diseases].

The major health problems of developing countries are still caused by communicable diseases. Along with the raise of the living standards and substantial urbanization processes in many parts of the third world, a shift towards chronic noncommunicable diseases of adults, which are costly to control, can be expected. Health priorities are not only determined by the biomedical view assessing morbidity and mortality patterns, but also by the ranking of perceived health problems, symptoms and signs by the population concerned. Incorporating these aspects greatly increases the acceptance of health interventions and can stimulate community involvement. The recent advances in the field of diagnosis, therapy, prophylaxis as well as in the implementation of primary health care imply the need to emphasize the operational aspects of intervention programmes such as diagnostic accuracy, compliance of providers and users and coverage. These elements are the crucial determinants of the community effectiveness of any technology and will provide the cornerstones for sustainability besides careful evaluation and monitoring of a health intervention.

Communicable Disease Control↗