Stress factors and the risk of myocardial infarction.
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Two patients with renal cortical abscesses were treated successfully by an intensive antibiotic regimen together with percutaneous aspiration, rather than by the conventional treatment of open drainage, which often is followed by secondary nephrectomy. This adaptation of percutaneous aspiration to the management of renal carbuncle coincides with a change in the causative microorganism which today is often a gram-negative coliform rather than a hematogenously borne staphylococcus, which usually complicates some pre-existing abnormality in the urinary tract.
Our preliminary experience is presented in the use of the Berger neurobiopsy device for ultrasound localization and biopsy of intracranial lesions through a burr hole. The apparatus and technique are described, along with the results of its use in the first 49 patients. In these patients 43 tumours were biopsied, all except one successfully. Three abscesses were aspirated, two intraventricular shunt catheters were sited and in one patient the diagnosis of postradiation gliosis was confirmed and tumour excluded. The advantages and limitations of the technique are discussed. It is advocated as a simple and time-saving alternative to CT stereotactic biopsy in many cases.
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A cross-sectional cluster sample survey was conducted in June 2000 in Kosovo to assess the prevalence of mental health problems associated with traumatic experiences, feelings of hatred and revenge, and the level of social functioning among Kosovar Albanians approximately 1 year after the end of the war. Findings of the second cross-sectional survey were compared with those from our 1999 mental health survey in Kosovo. Included in the survey were 1399 Kosovar Albanians aged 15 years or older living in 593 randomly selected households across Kosovo. Twenty-five percent of respondents reported PTSD symptoms, compared with 17.1% in 1999. The MOS-20 social functioning score improved to 69.8 from 29.5 in 1999. In the 2000 survey 54% of men felt hatred toward the Serbs, compared with 88.7% in 1999.
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For over 60 years, ideas about emotion in neuroscience and psychology have been dominated by a debate on whether emotion can be encompassed within a single, unifying model. In neuroscience, this approach is epitomized by the limbic system theory and, in psychology, by dimensional models of emotion. Comparative research has gradually eroded the limbic model, and some scientists have proposed that certain individual emotions are represented separately in the brain. Evidence from humans consistent with this approach has recently been obtained by studies indicating that signals of fear and disgust are processed by distinct neural substrates. We review this research and its implications for theories of emotion.
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OBJECTIVE: To explore how dental undergraduates with different levels of emotional intelligence (EI) cope with stress. DESIGN: Qualitative unstructured depth interviews. SETTING: A dental teaching hospital in the UK, 2002. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Subjects selected from the undergraduate population of a 5-year dental degree course. A questionnaire survey was carried out to determine the EI scores of the subjects. In each year of study, subjects were divided into low and high EI groups at the median score. From each EI group in each year, one male and one female subject were recruited. DATA COLLECTION: Unstructured face-to-face interviews. DATA ANALYSIS: Transcribing, sifting, indexing and charting data according to key themes. RESULTS: 10 males and 10 females with low and high EI, representing all 5 years of study were interviewed. The experience of stress, expressed in emotional terms, ranged from anger and frustration to hatred. Four sets of coping strategies, adopted at varying degrees according to EI, were identified. High EI students were more likely to adopt reflection and appraisal, social and interpersonal, and organisation and time-management skills. Low EI students were more likely to engage in health-damaging behaviours. CONCLUSIONS: Future research needs to establish whether the enhancement of EI in dental students would lead to improved stress-coping, and better physical and psychological health.
Homophobia is a socially accepted, culturally based belief, which is heavily influenced by an individual's or a community's inherent attitudes, beliefs and values. This conceptual analysis of homophobia has endeavoured to review existing literature on homophobia and subsequently identify and examine the phobic constituents of the concept. References to homophobia are mostly from the 1970-1980 period and there is much unacknowledged conceptual baggage that accompanies the term, which results in restrictive and inappropriate ideas about this concept. This is mainly the consequence of comparisons of homophobia to other phobias, which directly infers fear of homosexuals, while in reality homophobia is more of a biased disgust at homosexuals' lifestyles. This paper attempts to re-conceptualize homophobia so that empirical research can begin to test the critical attributes of the concept. This forms the basis for the development of a comprehensive social psychological theory of attitudes towards homosexuals. Such a theory would transcend the unilateral and unidimensional concept of homophobia as a fear and help the understanding of attitudes and feelings towards homosexuals.
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In this article, a study of the life histories of 5 self-identified lesbian women in nursing is reported. A metastory of "In/Visibility" captured the essence of lesbians being the focus of intense scrutiny while at the same time feeling the pressure to keep their lifestyle and identity hidden from others. Seven story themes were elaborated: closeting of lesbianism in nursing, isolating and hiding from self and others, living a double-life, self-loathing and shame, experiencing discrimination from others, keeping safe, and threatening others who are closeted.
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