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At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Consent to treatment--the principles, the provincial statutes and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

The author summarizes current law and trends affecting the right of psychiatric patients to refuse or consent to treatment. The discussion addresses the key principles involved: autonomy and inviolability of the person. Relevant provincial mental health legislation in effect at the time of writing is briefly reviewed. Finally, the possible impact of the new Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is discussed.

Canada↗
PubMed1988

Materials managers should help hospital boards set freedom of information policies.

A hospital is called a District Hospital and gets about 1% of its net revenue from county taxes. Some of the members of the hospital's board are appointed by the county government. Does this bring the hospital under the Freedom of Information (FOI) laws? Can a supplier demand to see prices currently being paid for items? Does the FOI concept conflict with a purchasing group rule which states that prices are confidential and aren't to be disclosed by a member hospital? In this dialogue, Dr. Decker discusses the laws involved and answers these questions.

Confidentiality↗
PubMed1983

Medicaid program; freedom of choice; waivers of and exceptions to state plan requirements--HCFA. Final rule.

These final rules clarify and amend regulations published on October 1, 1981, that implement section 2175 of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981 (Pub. L. 97-35). Those regulations revised several of the requirements regarding a Medicaid beneficiary's right to choose among participating providers of covered items or services. Based on the comments received on those regulations, we are making changes that provide further direction to States, beneficiaries and providers with regard to freedom of choice requirements while at the same time maintaining State flexibility in administering their Medicaid programs. We are also amending the October 1, 1981 regulations to implement section 137 of the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982 (Pub. L. 97-248). That section makes several technical changes to section 2175 of Pub. L. 97-35 with respect to a Medicaid beneficiary's right to choose among participating providers of covered items or services.

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S.↗
PubMed1999

[New system for testing mechanical heart valves. Self-monitoring at home of anti-vitamin K therapy means greater freedom for the patient].

Self-monitoring of anti-vitamin K treatment by patients with heart valve prostheses is a good alternative to hospital control. Self-monitoring at home allows patients more freedom and opportunity to take greater responsibility for their treatment. Experience from over a years' complication-free treatment of 12 patients is reported in the article.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Evidence-based medicine from the point of view of health insurance companies--a frame for qualified freedom of therapy and an improved economy?].

The rationality and efficiency of medical care must be improved from the point of view of the statutory health insurance system in Germany. Too many diagnostic and therapeutic procedures are of doubtful usefulness, the high amount of many procedures is unnecessary. 10% of all expenditures in the health care sector or around 25 billion DM could probably be saved if evidence based guidelines are taken as a basis for decisions in medical care. Evidence based medicine not only improves the efficiency, but supports also the therapeutic freedom of the physicians in limiting the vagueness of many medical decisions. EBM is therefore a strategy of the sick fund systems that supports the quality and efficiency of the medical care for the insured people.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1999

Freedom of information. Quietly does it.

The forthcoming legislation on freedom of information is likely to be far less radical than originally envisaged. Decisions over what information to release will rest with civil servants. The legislation is likely to require primary care groups to respond to requests for information about allocation of resources between services. Access to the workings of government and the evidence underlying policy decisions would enable people to become active citizens. It would also stimulate sympathy for managers' and clinicians' rationing dilemmas. Current restrictions are at odds with government policy to modernize the NHS.

Consumer Advocacy↗
PubMed2000

[New trends in therapy of diabetes. More freedom, fewer risks, comfortable insulin administration].

The incidence of diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide. Strict metabolic control can prevent late sequelae of this disease. For this purpose, not only more potent drugs with fewer side effects are needed, but also user-friendly techniques and devices for self-monitoring of blood glucose and the less painful application of insulin (jet application, inhalable insulin). More user-friendly insulins are the rapid- and short-acting human insulin analogues, which do away with the bothersome injection/meal interval, and improve the postprandial glycemic response. New long-acting insulins reduce the frequency of injections and the occurrence of nocturnal hypoglycemia. Type 2 diabetics will presumable benefit from the use of the rapid, short-acting glinides, for example, by enabling a greater measure of eating freedom during the course of the day. The thiazolidinediones, a group of agents that enhance the effects of insulin in target tissue, reduce insulin resistance and improve insulin sensitivity.

Diabetes Mellitus↗
PubMed1993

Space Station Freedom: a unique laboratory for gravitational biology research.

The advent of Space Station Freedom (SSF) will provide a permanent laboratory in space with unparalleled opportunities to perform biological research. As with any spacecraft there will also be limitations. It is our intent to describe this space laboratory and present a picture of how scientists will conduct research in this unique environment we call space. SSF is an international venture which will continue to serve as a model for other peaceful international efforts. It is hoped that as the human race moves out from this planet back to the moon and then on to Mars that SSF can serve as a successful example of how things can and should be done.

Centrifugation↗
PubMed2002

The effect of the Senior Citizens' Freedom to Work Act of 2000 on employer-provided pension and medical plans.

On April 7, 2000 President Clinton signed the Senior Citizens' Freedom to Work Act. The act reduces the Social Security retirement benefit penalties previously imposed on 65- through 69-year-old workers who earned more than nominal incomes after enrolling in the program. This article analyzes the impact that the act will have on retirement decisions of the affected cohorts of older workers and closes with an analysis of how the act may affect employer-provided pension, medical and paid leave plans.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gaining freedom: self-responsibility in adolescents with diabetes.

This exploratory, qualitative pilot study explored the meaning of the chronic illness experience for adolescents with diabetes in relation to taking on responsibility for their own care. Four adolescents aged 15 to 17 years with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus participated in indepth interviews. Gaining freedom was the central phenomenon that captured the process of gaining self-responsibility in diabetes management during adolescence. Three themes marked the process: (a) making it fit; (b) being ready and willing; and (c) having a safety net of friends. These adolescents described a gradual transition from dependence to independence in learning to manage their diabetes. These findings should cause advanced practice nurses to re-evaluate their frameworks for adolescents with diabetes and develop a collaborative approach. Intervention strategies must be developed that incorporate adolescent developmental needs, determine readiness and motivation to learn, and provide opportunities to practice independence in self-management.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2002

[In vivo measurements of shoulder movements by a goniometer with six degrees of freedom: preliminary study].

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The purpose of this work was to develop a goniometer with six degrees of freedom (6DOF) to achieve global measurement of the main movements of the shoulder and to examine the reproducibility of the measurements obtained. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Movement amplitudes, inter- and intra-observer reproducibility of the methodology and the device were tested in a population of ten young subjects with asymptomatic shoulders. RESULTS: Maximal amplitudes obtained for each movement were: abduction 111.8 +/- 11 degrees; flexion 127.9 +/- 12.7; external rotation 86.3 +/- 14 degrees; free elevation 129.3 +/- 9 degrees. The curves traced in the plane of rotation and rotation were plotted against elevation. Comparison between amplitudes on the right and left were not significantly different. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This preliminary study demonstrated the potential contribution of a 6DOF-goniometer for a 3D assessment of shoulder movement. Measurements made when positioning the goniometer demonstrated good reproducibility. Our data are similar to others reported in the literature. The plane of the scapula and the position in physiological internal rotation, as described in the literature, were also observed. Studying shoulder movements, particularly their association, should provide a new means of assessing function in patients with complex disease of the shoulder joint. The device should be helpful in obtaining an objective measurement of the shoulder kinetics that would be useful for patient follow-up and assessment of corporal damage.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Targeting male perpetrators of intimate partner violence: Western Australia's "Freedom from Fear" campaign.

Violence against women by their partners is now recognized as a major international public health problem, in both developed and developing countries. For example, it is estimated that each year in the US, 4 million women experience a serious assault by their partner and that the victim-related economic cost of partner violence is about US$67 billion. Traditional domestic violence campaigns focus on legal threats and sanctions in an attempt to stop men from being violent. While incarcerating violent men and issuing protection orders are necessary components of domestic violence prevention interventions, they do not--and cannot--remove women's fear of the man reappearing at some future time or place, often with tragic consequences. Furthermore, many women do not want to leave the relationship, nor do they want the man incarcerated; they simply want the violence to stop. The Western Australian "Freedom From Fear" campaign is an innovative social marketing initiative that acknowledges these factors and aims to reduce the fears of women (and children) by motivating perpetrators and potential perpetrators to voluntarily attend counseling programs.

Australia↗
PubMed2001

DNA analysis and the Freedom of Information Act: information or invasion?

This note explores the possibility of release of an individual's DNA analysis to any person who requests it through the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), after an individual's post-aircraft accident DNA profile has been developed by the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) Civil Aerospace Medical Institute (CAMI). It analyzes whether the request would fall under the FOIA's 552(b)(6) exemption, which weighs a person's privacy interest against any public interest in such information, or if the release would constitute a "clearly unwarranted invasion of personal privacy."

Access to Information↗
PubMed1992

Development of a mandibular tracking device with six degrees of freedom using optoelectronic system.

The purpose of this study was to develop a prototype handy mandibular tracking device with six degrees of freedom using the optoelectronic kinematic data acquisition system and to evaluate its accuracy. The system consisted of the light-weight sensor part mounted on the mandibular incisor portion and two 2-D PSD cameras positioned in front of the patient. On the sensor part, three light emitting diodes (LEDs) were attached in triangular form. Displacements of the sensor part were detected by two cameras, transformed into electric signals, and sampled by A/D converter in a desktop computer. Since the overall accuracy of this system was about 0.03 mm in the displacement and 0.06 degrees in the rotation angles, this system was proven to be capable for the wide range of clinical application.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Improving system of care for older adults with mental illness in the United States. Findings and recommendations for the President's New Freedom Commission on Mental Health.

The President's New Freedom Commission on Mental Health was created to evaluate the quality and effectiveness of the nation's mental health service delivery system, to identify unmet needs and barriers to services, and to provide recommendations on methods for improving the mental health system. A health policy analysis was prepared for the Commission examining the organization, delivery, and financing of mental health services for older Americans. The author identified three healthcare themes, including 1) access and continuity of services; 2) quality; and 3) workforce and caregiver capacity. From among these areas, 10 policy issues and recommendations were proposed.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Motion segment stiffness measured without physiological levels of axial compressive preload underestimates the in vivo values in all six degrees of freedom.

UNLABELLED: Axial preload is known to alter the mechanical properties of spinal motion segments. The objective of this study was to compare the experimentally measured load-displacement behavior (stiffness, hysteresis and linearity) of porcine lumbar motion segments in vitro with physiological axial compressive preloads of 0, 200 and 400 N equilibrated in a physiological fluid environment. At each preload, displacements in each of six degrees of freedom (+/- 0.3 mm AP and lateral translations, +/- 0.2 mm axial translation, +/- 1 degrees lateral bending and +/- 0.8 degrees flexion/extension and torsional rotations) were imposed. The resulting forces and moments were recorded. Tests were repeated after removal of posterior elements. Using least squares, the forces at the vertebral body center were related to the displacements by a symmetric 6x6 stiffness matrix. The stiffness, hysteresis area and linearity of six diagonal and two off-diagonal load-displacement relationships were examined for differences between preload conditions. RESULTS: Mean values of the diagonal terms of the stiffness matrix for intact porcine motion segments increased significantly by an average factor of 2.2 and 2.9 with 200 and 400 N axial compression respectively (p<0.001). Increases for isolated disc specimens averaged 4.6 and 6.9 times with 200 and 400 N preload (p<0.001). Changes in hysteresis correlated with the changes in stiffness. The load-displacement relationships were progressively more linear with increasing preload (R2 = 0.82, 0.97 and 0.98 at 0, 200 and 400 N axial compression respectively). Motion segment and disc load-displacement behaviors were stiffer, more linear and had greater hysteresis with axial compressive preloads.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

A one degree of freedom haptic system to investigate issues in human perception with particular application to probing tissue.

This paper presents the results of several early studies relating to human haptic perception sensitivity when probing a virtual object. A 1 degree of freedom (DoF) rotary haptic system, that was designed and built for this purpose, is also presented. The experiments were to assess the maximum forces applied in a minimally invasive surgery (MIS) procedure, quantify the compliance sensitivity threshold when probing virtual tissue and identify the haptic system loop rate necessary for haptic feedback to feel realistic.

General Surgery↗