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At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Abortion in the framework of family planning in Estonia.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the legal status of abortion and trends in childbirth, abortions and contraceptive use in Estonia. DESIGN: National statistical data on induced abortions, spontaneous abortions, births and contraceptive use in Estonia. RESULTS: Even though induced abortion is legal in Estonia, the abortion rate has been declining but is still high and in 1994 was 53.8 per 1000 women of fertile age. Among young women under 20 years of age, abortions decreased slightly in the period 1992-94 (from 55.5 to 41.5 per 1000). The birth rate has been declining rapidly in recent years, resulting in a net population reduction. The use of modern contraceptives is increasing but is still low. CONCLUSION: Survey on abortion and on contraceptive sales and use are needed. To improve family planning and prevent unwanted pregnancies it is important to increase awareness among the entire population--and especially among young people--by information, education and communication. A high standard of counseling, including pre- and postabortion counseling and in the youth services, is essential.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1997

Breast cancer risk: protective effect of an early first full-term pregnancy versus increased risk of induced abortion.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To examine the question of whether an early first full-term pregnancy (FFTP) protects against breast cancer and whether interruption of the pregnancy with an induced abortion increases breast cancer risk. DATA SOURCES: Published medical and epidemiology journal articles, books, scientific reports, news interviews of researchers, scientific journals. DATA SYNTHESIS: Continually increasing breast cancer rates cannot be explained by the American Cancer Society risk factors, which account for only 25% of cases. Induced abortion is a newly recognized risk factor and has been prevalent in our society since it was legalized in 1973. CONCLUSIONS: Early FFTP confers protection, while induced abortion confers risk. Most specific and controlled variables studies indicate 150% risk for abortions performed on women younger than 18 years of age. Studies have yet to discover the full impact of induced abortion because women who underwent legalized abortion in 1973 are just reaching ages of highest breast cancer incidence. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSES: Awareness of a controversial risk factor and its relevance to women allows nurses to include this information when educating and supporting patients. Specifically, nurses need to include questions on this reproductive risk when eliciting a patient's reproductive history. Nurses should further be aware of the emotional impact disclosure may have.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1997

Trends in conceptions before and after the 1995 pill scare.

On 18 October 1995, the Committee on Safety of Medicines issued a warning that seven brands of the contraceptive pill (containing 'new generation' progestogens) carried a relatively higher risk of thrombosis (the formation of a blood clot in a vein). This warning received much attention from the media. Family planning services and others working in public health raised concerns that the pill scare would result in an increase in unplanned pregnancies. This article uses national conception statistics to show trends before and after October 1995.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Is Medicaid pronatalist? The effect of eligibility expansions on abortions and births.

CONTEXT: Income thresholds for Medicaid eligibility for pregnant women were raised in two phases between 1987 and 1991. During roughly the same period, the U.S. fertility rate rose and the abortion rate declined; changes were particularly marked among young women, raising the possibility that fertility increases were related to Medicaid expansions. METHODS: Pooled time-series cross-section regressions were used to examine the effects of the Medicaid eligibility expansions in 15 states on rates of abortions and births among unmarried women aged 19-27 with 12 or fewer years of schooling. Abortion data came from the National Center for Health Statistics or state health departments and were aggregated by women's age, race, marital status and schooling; data on births were from national natality tapes. RESULTS: The Medicaid expansions were associated with a 5% increase in the birthrate among white women, but did not influence the rate among black women. Overall, no effect on the abortion rate was evident, but in analyses restricted to a subsample of eight states with the most complete abortion data, the rate among white women showed a significant decline after the second phase of expansions. CONCLUSIONS: Subsidized health care for low-income pregnant women in these 15 states may have encouraged white women to have more children than they would have without coverage.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1998

Adolescent childbearing in developing countries: a global review.

This article discusses the current levels and recent trends in the rate of adolescent childbearing, the timing of the first birth, and births to unmarried women for 43 developing countries. Differences in rates of adolescent childbearing by residence and level of education are also examined. The analysis is based on nationally representative fertility surveys. Substantial declines in adolescent fertility have occurred in North Africa and Asia, but levels are still high in some countries. Declines are beginning to occur in sub-Saharan Africa, but current levels are still high in most countries of this region, and the proportion of births to unmarried adolescents is increasing in some countries. In Latin America, where the level of teenage childbearing is moderate, declines are less prevalent and some small increases have occurred. Higher education is associated with lower rates of adolescent childbearing, but other socioeconomic changes cancel or reduce this effect in several countries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Induced abortion by the suction method. An analysis of complication rates.

3036 induced abortions from the years 1977, 1978, 1979 and 1980 were analysed. They included all abortions performed with the suction method at Akershus Central Hospital, except for those done in combination with a sterilization procedure. The main determinants of complication rates were parity, period of gestation and, for minor complications, whether the patient was treated as an in-patient or an out-patient. Women who had not previously given birth had a higher complication rate than parous women. Complication rates were lowest during weeks 7-10. Out-patients had fewer readmissions, repeat curettages, and infections, than in-patients. There was a tendency to cause a larger dilatation of the cervical canal than was technically necessary.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1990

[Fecundity, fertility, and sterility: assessment and controversy].

The author reviews problems concerning infertility in developed countries. Topics covered include natural fertility, "demographic and social trends in family planning such as increasing maternal age at first childbirth, the increase of age-specific infertility rates through known ([adnexitis]), unknown (the environment) or debatable (induced abortion, certain contraceptive methods) causes, and the availability of highly developed techniques to assist conception. The actual prevalence of infertility is poorly documented and is either derived from demographic surveys or from hospital populations. To record the true prevalence of infertility, population-based surveys including infertility specialist confirmation of the etiology are needed. One survey of this type indicates a lifetime prevalence of 17% of couples." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1988

Public Law 100-461, Foreign Operations, Export Financing and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1989, 1 October 1988.

This Act does the following among other things: 1) prohibits using funds appropriated under the Act to lobby for abortion and 2) prohibits making development assistance funds available 1) to pay for abortions as a method of family planning (FP) or to motivate or coerce any person to perform abortions; 2) to pay for involuntary sterilization as a method of FP or to coerce or provide any financial incentive to any person to undergo sterilization; 3) to pay for biomedical research that relates to the methods of, or performance of, abortions or involuntary sterilization as a means of FP; or 4) to any country or organization if the use of such funds by such country or organization would violate any of the abortion or involuntary sterilization provisions. It also reaffirms the commitment of the US Congress to population, development assistance, and the need for informed voluntary FP.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1988

Withholding of funding for UNFPA, 1988.

In 1988, USAID decided for the fourth year in a row to withhold its contribution to the UN Population Fund (UNFPA). The contribution amounts $25 million. The stated reason for the withholding of funds was the same as in past years: the Agency's objection to UNFPA support for China. It viewed China's family planning program, which emphasized the importance of one child per family, as sanctioning coercive abortions.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1992

Do women want a once-a-month pill?

The attitudes of women of reproductive age in Scotland, Romania and Slovenia to the idea of a contraceptive pill which is taken only once each month or only when menses are delayed was investigated. In all three centres, the great majority of women felt positive towards the idea of a once-a-month pill which inhibited ovulation and greater than 50% found a pill which inhibited or interfered with implantation an acceptable idea. Only 24% of women in Scotland were attracted to the idea of a pill which was taken only if menstruation was delayed by 1 or 2 days, that is a pill which would cause an abortion, while in contrast 58% of women in Slovenia and 80% in Romania thought that such a method of controlling fertility would be acceptable. Attitudes were not related to age, social class or marital status but were influenced by religious belief and in Scotland by a history of abortion. In countries where the availability of contraception is limited and abortion is common, women would seem to welcome another method of fertility regulation--even one which disrupts the very early stages of pregnancy.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1990

AIDS and the future of reproductive freedom.

The specter of pediatric AIDS fundamentally challenges elements of the liberal ideological basis of women's reproductive freedom. Many public health officials hold that preventing transmission of HIV from mother to fetus requires efforts to discourage pregnancy by infected women. For over two decades, however, genetic counselors, feminists, and medical ethicists have stressed the importance of nondirective counseling in the context of reproductive choice. The question now confronted by American society is whether it will be possible to frame an ideology of reproductive choice that recognizes the limits of liberal individualism, while preserving the basic features of reproductive freedom.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗