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Foundation regulator Bill Moyes gradually lost confidence in recovery plans put forward by Bradford Teaching Hospitals trust in a series of meetings last November and December. Papers released under the Freedom of Information Act show it accused the trust of not taking 'timely or appropriate action' to resolve the crisis, and not settling disputes with local PCTs.
Treatment regimens for multiple myeloma are evolving because of advances in both pharmacotherapy and transplantation strategies. The Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation (MMRF) has gathered the top thought leaders in myeloma research to prepare an engaging, interactive series of case studies in multiple myeloma, which are available online at www.multiplemyeloma.org and are published on a regular basis in ONCOLOGY. For more information about the interactive series, see the MMRF ad on page 552.
Palo Alto (CA) Medical Foundation addresses the mission of its annual report in a way that meets the high expectations of its loyal donors.
In this interview, Geraldine Biddle, president and co-founder of the World Foundation for Renal Care (WFRC), describes the organization's beginnings and the progress it has made toward its mission and vision. Ms. Biddle also details the historic involvement of ANNA informing WFRC and participating in its activities. Founded in 1997, the WFRC has its world headquarters in London and currently has three ANNA past presidents on its Board of Directors.
Recently, each of the four largest foundations active in the health care field announced changes in the priorities of funding activities. All four philanthropies are moving away from funding projects involving tertiary care. Instead, they are targeting primary care as a major goal.
For 55 years the Florence Nightingale International Foundation (FNIF) has been associated with ICN. Although it has changed in form over the years, its content and focus--primarily on education--have perpetuated a lasting memorial to its namesake. Below, the author, who was responsible for its early accomplishments, relates FNIF's beginnings and subsequent history.
This article summarizes the results of an evaluation of the Hospital-Sponsored Ambulatory Dental Services Program funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Goals of the program were to increase service to the underserved both in the volume of persons treated and in continuity of care, while supporting expanded dental general-practice residency training and aiding financial viability of the dental departments. The principal findings were that, while the volume of new patients increased, the number of disadvantaged persons did not. Continuity of care may have worsened. Policy implications are that hospital dental departments should improve their efficiency and narrow their goals to the special populations best treated in their environment. Innovative financial mechanisms should be explored, including combining with medical care hospital-based HMOs. However, the goals cannot be reached without expanded and continuing governmental subsidy.
This essay focuses on the early history of industry and professional relationships around silicosis, the debilitating occupational lung disease, through a study of the role of the Industrial Health Foundation, an industry-sponsored group which has played a critical role in shaping the nation's agenda regarding industrial disease. From its start during the Depression, it has portrayed itself as an industry-sponsored agency that depended upon detached, disinterested professionals and experts to develop effective programs to address occupational disease. As an organization that brought together professional industrial hygienists, business groups, government officials, academics and researchers it serves as a means for understanding the intertwining of industrial and academic agendas. We explore some of the issues that arose regarding public policy and scientific investigations, asking: Under what conditions is it appropriate for professionals and scientists to work together with industrially sponsored organizations? What are the pressures that shape research questions, the range of possible solutions, and the control of scientific data? How can technically trained individuals avoid real or perceived conflicts of interest? At what point does the ostensibly disinterested goals of professionalism conflict with the self-interest of the sponsoring organizations?
The success of Fred Soper and the Rockefeller Foundation's International Health Division in eradicating the Anopheles gambiae mosquito from Northeast Brazil was a significant watershed in the history of malaria control. It revived faith in vector control strategies and paved the way for the application of eradication methods in the fight against malaria following World War II. Yet Soper's achievement needs to be re-examined from a wider analytical perspective that takes account of the longer epidemiological history of malaria in Northeast Brazil and the wider social and economic context within which malaria occurred. The wider perspective suggests that the origins of the 1938/39 malaria epidemic were much more complex than Soper acknowledged. By focusing narrowly on the Anopheles gambiae mosquito and its eradication, Soper failed to understand this broader context. This myopia, in turn, permitted Soper to make claims for both the scale of his achievement and its importance for the future of malaria control which were unjustified.
The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Program (RWJF) on Chronic Mental Illness (CMI) was launched in 1984 to help communities improve the care of people with CMI. Nine communities were funded to develop centralized mental health authorities offering a broad continuum of services. Experts and others who worked on this project learned from their experience that it is possible to produce dramatic improvements in community-based services for people with CMI and other chronic health conditions.
This chapter focuses on the antitrust implications of forming a fully integrated delivery system. The danger lies in a challenge by the federal government or private parties, if the proposed system threatens the development of competing systems or excludes individuals or entities. By explaining the risks facing less integrated arrangements involving medical foundations and management services organizations, why forming an integrated system may resolve some of those risks, and the advantages and disadvantages of other options, this chapter also points out one of the primary benefits of forming an integrated system: reducing the antitrust risks. Finally, general suggestions are posed to minimize the antitrust risks when planning and developing any collaborative effort among providers.
This chapter addresses some of those legal issues that uniquely affect the formation or operations of an integrated delivery system (IDS), a foundation, or a management services organization (MSO), but which are not discussed in any other chapters. This chapter gives special insight and guidance on issues such as licensing, credentialing and peer review, employee benefit plans, prohibitions against physician self-referrals, and the rules on disclosure of ownership and control.
This chapter is a case study of a nonprofit medical foundation and an independent practice association. It discusses the different cultures and statutory, governance, and other issues, including the development of the bylaws and managed care agreement.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the research productivity, and its impact, of individuals awarded research scholarships from the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada (HSFC) with that of a parallel group of unsuccessful applicants during the funding years 1980/81 to 1989/90 inclusive. Research productivity was defined as the number of peer reviewed publications, and impact was evaluated from the number of publications cited; the number of citations per publication; the number of citations per individual; and the impact score. STUDY SELECTION: Data were collected on 192 individuals. Cohorts were defined as successful and unsuccessful individuals entering the system in the same year. The study comprised 10 separate cohorts. Data were collected on yearly publications and citation counts for each individual. These data, along with journal impact factors, were obtained from the Institute for Scientific Information. CONCLUSIONS: During the 10 years of the study, individuals funded by the HSFC published more papers, more of their papers were cited, and they received more citations per individual than the unfunded comparison group. This consistency in multiple indicators provides strong evidence that funded individuals are more productive and that their work has a greater impact on the body of knowledge in this area. Although this study cannot unequivocally show a direct causal relation between funding and research success, the trend as shown by the indicators studied suggests a beneficial effect.
Sales of hospitals to for-profit chains have spawned nearly 100 new community foundations. Consumers and state officials increasingly want to know: How will these new charities spend their funds.
The worldwide problem of antibiotic resistance of bacteria is a point of concern in the Netherlands as well. Responsible use of existing antibiotics was the incentive to establish a foundation, with the acronym SWAB, the primary goal of which is to optimize the use of antibiotics in the Netherlands in order to diminish the development of antibiotic resistance. One of the SWAB projects is the development of national guidelines for the use of antibiotics in hospitals. These guidelines are prepared by a committee of experts and reviewed by external consultants: infectious disease specialists, medical microbiologists and pharmacists. The revised version of the guidelines is submitted for publication in this journal. The SWAB hopes that these guidelines will make the prevention of antibiotic resistance a major factor in the choice of the antibiotic. Streamlining antibiotic therapy is an important tool in this respect.
The early experience of Rockefeller Foundation in Brazil, starting in 1915, reflected the idea of extending learned experience in Southern US to a wide international context. Health education and the creation of permanent local health services were expressed as main guidelines for cooperation with State and federal Brazilian agencies. Translating to the shaping of public health models the terms of scientific hygiene associated with the pastorian revolution, RF pictured different actions as part of a three step rationale of survey, experiment and demonstrations. In this paper we focus on Lewis Hackett's campaign, designed as a demonstration campaign of the "intensive method" of hookworm control, with the final purpose of enlisting local agencies in long-term action (1919-1924) and the malaria campaign in Rio de Janeiro State Lowlands (1922-1928) led initially by Mark Boyd as an "experimental control work" of field observation, campaign, control and maintenance to set guidelines to malaria control in tropical areas. The course and ultimate results of these experiences showed the need to adapt formal models to complex national and State-building context and to disease specificity, leading to pragmatic adaptations in the issue of control and eradication and on the shaping of vertical and horizontal health services. The failure of these two experiences in terms of disease control helped to strengthen the move, predominant in the next two decades, to vertical campaigns with least dependency on local social and political dynamics, as in the exemplar case of Frederick Soper's Anopheles gambiae eradication campaign (1938-1942).
The Biology and Medicine division of the Swiss National Science Foundation finances about 1200 research projects. Only 24 (2%) of them originate from surgical departments or clinics. If we look at amounts, the share is even smaller, namely, 1.4%. Compared with the fields a pure "Medical Research Council" would cover, the share is 3.5% or 2.8% for the number of the amount, respectively. The problems of surgical research are only one special case of the problems in clinical research in Switzerland. Our new TANDEM program should encourage better collaboration between researchers in basic biological sciences and those in clinical medicine.