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At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Hypertelorism: interorbital growth, measurements, and pathogenetic considerations.

Normal pre- and post-natal changes in the interorbital distance are described. Causes of illusory hypertelorism include flat nasal bridge, epicanthic folds, exotropia, widely-spaced eyebrows, narrow palpebral fissures, and dystopia canthorum. Measurements of hypertelorism may involve soft tissues or bone, and a number of indices have also been proposed. Various types of measurements are evaluated and recommendations suggested. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms for hypertelorism include: early ossification of the lesser wings of the sphenoid; failure in nasal capsule development allowing the primitive brain vesicle to protrude into the space normally occupied by the capsule resulting in morphokinetic arrest in the position of the eyes; and disturbances of the cranial base in Apert syndrome. Associations with increased interorbital distance are also discussed: orofacial clefting, nonprotruding lipomas of the corpus callosum, calcification of the falx cerebri, duplication of the crista galli, wrinkling of the nose, and tissue tags of the nose. Finally, experimental models of hypertelorism in animals are discussed.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1994

The temporoparietal fascial flap in reconstruction of the cranio-maxillofacial area.

An improved understanding of the vascular supply of the layers of the temporal fossa has increased the potentiality of reconstructive techniques involving this area. Each separate vascularized layer of this region can be used, yet the temporoparietal fascial flap is the more useful for treating a wide range of composite defects. It represents an ultra thin coverage which is useful in resurfacing exposed bone, tendons and vital structures such as nerves and vessels, in providing neovascularity as a recipient graft bed and in providing coverage or lining in major facial reconstructions. We describe our experience with the temporoparietal fascial flap which represents our choice for reconstructing composite defects in orbital, malar, auricular and cheek areas when what is required is a thin, pliable, well vascularized flap to carry a scalp or skin graft, to resurface exposed cartilage, bone and nerve, and to fill soft tissue contour defects. Illustrative cases from the authors' clinical experience are presented, to demonstrate various combinations of the temporoparietal fascial pedicle with other tissues in the reconstruction of the ear, eyebrows, eyelids, malar, cheek and parotid areas.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Isolated lesion of the medial orbital wall following endonasal surgery. Isolated fractures of the medial orbital wall.

BACKGROUND: Isolated fractures of the medial orbital wall are infrequent. The diagnostic triad includes: adduction block, exotropia with diplopia in all directions of gaze, positive passive duction in abduction. Sometimes a slight enophthalmos is present. Computed tomography shows the extension and the seat of the fracture. CASE REPORT: The authors illustrate the case of a 60 year old male who presented with a breach of the medial orbital wall following endonasal surgery. RESULTS: The patient was successfully operated using an iliac bone graft inserted via an eyebrow-nasal cutaneous approach, after a previous attempt with a transconjunctival approach performed in another hospital had failed. A good functional and aesthetic result was observed within the first year after surgery. After almost 11 years a full adduction is still present and diplopia is absent. CONCLUSION: The authors underline the importance of an early diagnosis and prompt surgical treatment. The fat-muscle entrapment should be removed and the bone defect closed. A close cooperation between ophthalmologist and plastic surgeon is suggested.

Bone Transplantation↗
PubMed2000

Keratin 17 expression in the hard epithelial context of the hair and nail, and its relevance for the pachyonychia congenita phenotype.

The hard-keratin-containing portion of the murine hair shaft displays a positive immunoreactivity with an antibody against the soft epithelial keratin, K17. The K17-expressing cell population is located in the medulla compartment of the hair. Consistent with this observation, K17-containing cells also occur in the presumptive medulla precursor cells located in the hair follicle matrix. Western blot analysis of hair extracts prepared from a number of mouse strains confirms this observation and suggests that K17 expression in the hair shaft is a general trait in this species. The expression of K17 in human hair extracts is restricted to eyebrow and facial hair samples. These are the major sites for the occurrence of the pili torti (twisted hair) phenotype in the type 2 (Jackson-Lawler) form of pachyonychia congenita, previously shown to arise from inherited K17 mutations. Given that all forms of pachyonychia congenita show an involvement of the nail, we compared the expression of the two other genes mutated in pachyonychia congenita diseases, K6 and K16, with that of K17 in human nail. All three keratins are abundantly expressed within the nail bed epithelium, whereas K17 protein is expressed in the nail matrix, which contains the epithelial cell precursors for the nail plate. Our data suggest a role for K17 in the formation and maintenance of various skin appendages and directly support the concept that pachyonychia congenita is a disease of the nail bed.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Browlift with botulinum toxin.

BACKGROUND: Botulinum toxin has been used successfully for the treatment of hyperfunctional facial lines. OBJECTIVE: To determine the alteration in brow position after botulinum toxin treatment of the brow depressor muscles. METHODS: Eleven women, 30-60 years old, were treated. Prior to treatment, brow position was measured relative to the pupil. Relaxed position and elevated position with frontalis contraction were evaluated. Botulinum toxin was injected into bilateral eyebrows. Each brow received one injection into the glabellar region (5 U) and four equally spaced injections along the lateral orbital rim below the brow (total of 10 U). Brow position was measured for postinjection relaxed and elevated positions at three points, from the central pupil to the nasal, central, and temporal brow. RESULTS: A statistically significant elevation of the right and left brows was observed in both relaxed and elevated positions. The largest mean elevations were noted in the right central brow position (relaxed 1.86 mm, elevated 2.09 mm) and the left central brow position (relaxed 3.06 mm, elevated 2.86 mm). CONCLUSION: Botulinum toxin is a safe and effective treatment for temporary browlift. The elevations produced in the nasal, central, and temporal brow can produce an aesthetically pleasing female brow with desirable shape and height.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Minimally invasive treatment of cavernous angioma of the optic chiasm: case report.

Cavernous angioma of the optic chiasm or optic nerve is extremely rare. We report the case of a 58-year-old woman with cavernous angioma of the optic chiasm. The lesion was totally removed through the eyebrow keyhole approach, which allowed appropriate intraoperative exploration of the optic chiasm and related structures. The present case confirms that a cavernous angioma located in the optic chiasm can be totally resected without further impairment of visual function.

Eyebrows↗
PubMed1998

[Infantile myofibromatosis--a case report].

A four months old child was referred for a rapidly growing recurrency of a tumor of the left eyebrow. The tumor was excised completely. The pathologic examination revealed an infantile myofibromatosis, most probably of the solitary type. The term "infantile myofibromatosis" summarizes a heterogenous group of rare fibromatoses in childhood, characterized by the proliferation of myofibroblasts. Isolated tumors have a fair prognosis after complete excision.

Eye Neoplasms↗
PubMed2001

The trigeminal nerve. Part II: the ophthalmic division.

The ophthalmic, or first division (V1) of the trigeminal nerve, is the smallest of the three divisions and is purely sensory or afferent in function. It supplies sensory branches to the ciliary body, the cornea, and the iris; to the lacrimal gland and conjunctiva; to portions of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity, sphenoidal sinus, and frontal sinus; to the skin of the eyebrow, eyelids, forehead, and nose; and to the tentorium cerebelli, dura mater, and the posterior area of the falx cerebri. At first glance, one might not expect one interested in the diagnosis and treatment of orofacial pain and temporomandibular joint disorders to have a need to be concerned with the ophthalmic division. Although much of this division's influence is dedicated to structures within the orbit, nose, and cranium, still, the ophthalmic division may be afflicted with a lesion or structural disorder which can cause all sorts of orofacial pain. Ignorance of this or any portion of the trigeminal nerve will lead to diagnostic and therapeutic failures. In this, the second of four (4) articles concerning the trigeminal nerve, the first division of this vast cranial nerve will be described in detail.

Ciliary Body↗
PubMed1990

Benefits of contact and noncontact YAG laser for periorbital hemangiomas.

Twenty patients with capillary/cavernous hemangiomas of the periorbital area (eyelid, eyebrow, nose extending to canthus) have been treated with a variety of techniques. Six patients were treated by yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) laser photocoagulation and direct injection of steroids. Rapid shrinkage of the hemangiomas occurred in all patients, and 2 infants whose eye was totally occluded by the hemangioma had their eyes rapidly opened. YAG laser excision with or without previous photocoagulation plus injection and with arteriogram plus superselective embolization was performed in the other 14 patients. Results were satisfactory in all patients.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed2001

Potential use of beards for single-follicle micrografts: convenient follicle-harvesting technique using an injection needle.

The authors developed a convenient hair-harvesting procedure using a disposable 18-gauge injection needle, which is common in every clinical scene. The needle was used as a skin puncher to harvest single follicles. The harvested micrografts were transplanted without trimming any of the adjacent tissue around the follicle. Clinical applications for the reconstruction of eyebrows in cases of anhydrotic ectodermal dysplasia and facial scars are demonstrated. Each patient showed a favorable result, and there was no scar formation at the donor site. This procedure makes hair harvesting smooth, speedy, and less traumatic. Beards as well as occipital hairs can be used as donors for single-follicle micrografts with this method in male patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Small incision nonendoscopic browlift.

PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy of a nonendoscopic brow/forehead lift. METHODS: Case series of 12 patients. Small scalp and upper eyelid blepharoplasty incisions were used to elevate the brows/forehead and perform protractor myectomy. RESULTS: All patients achieved an aesthetically pleasing eyebrow and forehead lift with reduction of vertical and horizontal glabellar creases. Complications included one patient who experienced prolonged ecchymosis after corrugator muscle resection and one patient who had asymmetric lid folds after surgery. The length of follow-up ranged from 9 to 35 months. CONCLUSIONS: The small incision nonendoscopic browlift technique provides a useful alternative to the endoscopic approach.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Upper eyelid island orbicularis oculi myocutaneous flap for periorbital reconstruction.

PURPOSE: To describe the upper eyelid island orbicularis oculi myocutaneous flap, medially or laterally based, for reconstruction of periorbital defects. METHODS: During the past three years we have used the island orbicularis oculi myocutaneous flap in 62 patients with tumors of the periorbital area, with the following indications: (a) anterior lamellar defects of the medial aspect of the upper eyelid, when the peripheral arcade is intact; (b) up to 2/3 anterior lamellar lower eyelid defects; (c) inner and outer canthus defects; and (d) defects of the peripalpebral area (the lateral half of the eyebrow, bridge of the nose and suprazygomatic areas). RESULTS: The flap proved to be flexible, safe, relatively simple, and provided good functional and aesthetic results. Complications were minimal. CONCLUSIONS: The upper eyelid island orbicularis oculi myocutaneous flap may be a useful tool for periorbital reconstruction.

Eyebrows↗
PubMed2000

Merkel cell carcinoma: clinicopathologic correlation, management, and follow-up in five patients.

PURPOSE: To review the clinicopathologic features, management and follow-up in five patients with periocular Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). METHODS: In this case series study we reviewed the clinical records and histopathologic findings of five consecutive patients with MCC, treated and followed between May 1991 and November 1998. RESULTS: Four patients were female and one was male. Their mean age at the time of surgery was 80 years (range: 69-86 years). Patients presented with a painless, nonulcerated, rapidly growing, solitary reddish or violaceous nodule, ranging in size from 11 to 21 mm, located in the upper eyelid in 4 patients and in the left eyebrow in one patient. Management included excision with frozen section control in three patients, and excision with wide surgical margins in two patients. Histopathologically, all tumors exhibited round cells of intermediate size and scanty cytoplasm, and large, round to oval vesicular nuclei with finely dispersed chromatin and one to three inconspicuous nucleoli. Mitotic figures were numerous. No patient had regional or extraregional metastases at diagnosis. Local recurrence or distant metastases were not detectable during a mean follow-up period of 45 months (range: 32-61 months). This outcome contrasts with the high incidence of local recurrence and early nodal metastasis reported in previous publications. CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis and aggressive, histologically controlled surgical treatment of this rare, highly malignant tumor may provide a longer disease-free period. Further investigation is necessary to determine the prognostic factors for recurrence and survival.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Depressor supercilii muscle: anatomy, histology, and cosmetic implications.

PURPOSE: To describe the gross and microscopic anatomy of the depressor supercilii muscle and to discuss its cosmetic implications. METHODS: The depressor supercilii muscle was studied in detail with the use of gross anatomic dissections carried out on eight sides of four fresh cadaver heads and ten sides of five preserved cadaver heads. Histological analysis was performed on parasagittal sections of one side of a preserved cadaver head. Measurements were taken on cadaver specimens to determine the insertion point of the depressor supercilii muscle on the undersurface of the skin. RESULTS: The depressor supercilii muscle is distinct from the corrugator supercilii muscle and the medial head of the orbital portion of the orbicularis oculi muscle. The depressor supercilii muscle was noted to be superior in orientation and redder in color than the orbicularis oculi muscle. The depressor supercilii muscle arose from the frontal process of the maxilla approximately 1 cm above the medial canthal tendon and appeared to originate from two distinct heads in most specimens, a novel finding. In specimens containing two heads of the depressor supercilii muscle, the angular vessels passed between the two muscle heads. In specimens containing one muscle head, the angular vessels were found anterior to the muscle. The insertion of the depressor supercilii muscle in the dermis lay approximately 13 to 14 mm superior to the medial canthal tendon. CONCLUSIONS: The origin, insertion, and anatomy of the depressor supercilii muscle help it to act as a depressor of the eyebrow. Histologically, the depressor supercilii muscle arises distinctly from bone and has a unique insertion. The depressor supercilii muscle appears to be distinct from the corrugator supercilii and the orbicularis oculi muscles.

Botulinum Toxins, Type A↗
PubMed1977

Review of diseases of the optic nerve, optic tract, and visual cortex: 1975-76.

The ophthalmic literature dealing with diseases of the optic nerve, the optic tracts, and the visual cortex was reviewed for the period November 1975 through November 1976. Twenty-nine papers on topics of interest to optometrists were abstracted. The main areas of interest include: papilledema and optic atrophy (with ophthalmoscopic signs of both optic atrophy and papilledema); giant-cell arteritis; papillitis; interesting malformations of the face, palate, and orbital position that occur in conjunction with microphthalmus, situs inversus, and hypoplasia and aplasia of the optic nerve; the proposed association of myopia with unusual eyebrows; myelinated nerve fibers at the nerve head; pigment anomalies; the continuing discussion of nerve-head blood supply; an unexpected cause for nerve-head neovascularization; the importance of the swinging-flashlight test in the diagnosis of glaucoma; an unusual type of glaucomatous cupping; doubts about the peripapillary "halo" as a sign of glaucoma; new uses for old field tests; and new methods of ocular photography.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1994

Secondary expansion of a totally replanted scalp for aesthetic adjustment.

Total scalp avulsion is an uncommon and dramatic accident. Replantation is the only way for acceptable aesthetic final results. However, partial loss of tissue can result, and secondary procedures can be required. A total avulsion of a scalp involving the upper part of the right ear and both eyebrows was replanted after a long delay in our department. As a result, loss of a third of the hair-bearing area occurred. Secondary expansion of the replanted scalp achieved complete reconstruction.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Unusual location of syphilitic alopecia: a case report.

A case of syphilitic alopecia on the legs of young man is described. Both positive serologic tests and the clinical response to treatment with penicillin suggest that this alopecia was due to syphilis. This report suggests that the physician should be aware of the possible unusual location of syphilitic alopecia at sites other than the scalp, eyebrows, and beard.

Adult↗