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At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Placentation in the African elephant, Loxodonta africana. I. Endocrinological aspects.

Placental and fetal tissues were recovered from the uteri of 59 pregnant elephant that ranged in estimated age from day 18 to month 21 of gestation. Incubation of placenta and fetal gonad, alone or in combination, with tritium-labelled cholesterol, pregnenolone and androstenedione failed to yield any labelled progestagens or oestrogens from placenta, but did produce small amounts of labelled progesterone and 5alpha-dihydroprogesterone from fetal gonad. Immunochemical staining of tissues with four antisera specific for enzymes involved in the steroidogenic pathway revealed no staining in sections of placenta but positive labelling for P450 side chain cleavage enzyme (SCC450) and 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD) of the interstitial cells that comprise the bulk of the enlarged fetal gonads during the second half of gestation. Saline extracts of placental tissue showed no activity in three different gonadotrophin assays. In view of this endocrinological inactivity in the zonary elephant placenta and the probable reliance on maternal luteal sources of progestagens for maintenance of the pregnant state, the argument is advanced that uncomplicated abortion would probably follow a single administration of a PGF analogue given at any stage of pregnancy. If so, the treatment might constitute an efficacious method for controlling population increases in elephants maintained in enclosed game parks in Africa.

20-alpha-Dihydroprogesterone↗
PubMed1975

The budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) as endocrinological test model. Thyroxine transport in blood.

By comparing in-vivo and in-vitro investigations the transport protein of thyroxine in the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) was determined. Electrophoretic and auto-radiographic methods were applied. Both investigations show the alpha-globulin to be a thyroxine-binding protein. The contradictions to other investigators are discussed. The experimental animal as an endocrinological model of the thyroid for questions of human medicine is recommended.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Endocrinologic recovery after treatment of an intrasellar aneurysm].

OBJECTIVE: Cavernous intrasellar aneurysms are rare, but may be clinically mistaken for an hypophyseal tumor, thus the need for a preoperative diagnosis. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: We report on a 60-year-old woman suffering from retroorbital headache, diplopia and decreased visual acuity, along with hyperprolactinemia and both gonadotropic and thyreotropic deficencies. Computed tomography revealed a sellar mass with superior extension, but MR raised the possibility of a cavernous aneurysm, that was confirmed by arteriography, avoiding a disastrous transsphenoidal surgery. DISCUSSION: Intracavernous aneurysms are known having a benign course, but serious meningeal hemorrhage can occur in 1.4% of cases and carotid-cavernous fistulae in 8% of patients, warranting treatment. Medial development is rare and may be responsible for endocrinologic manifestations. Neurosurgical approach remains hazardous, and endovascular occlusion represents the method of choice. CONCLUSION: Intracavernous aneurysm must be taken into consideration in the differential diagnosis of pituitary masses because it has a completely different management.

Angiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Leptin--a new hormone in endocrinology].

Research of recent years has fundamentally revised modern endocrinology. Many organs and tissue that have never before been treated as endocrinal or involved in production of various hormones, became such. In particular, adipose tissue secreting to blood an important hormone--leptin--became the study object of particular interest.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2003

Effects of the androgenic growth promoter 17-beta-trenbolone on fecundity and reproductive endocrinology of the fathead minnow.

Trenbolone acetate is a synthetic steroid that is extensively used in the United States as a growth promoter in beef cattle. The acetate is administered to livestock via slow-release implants; some is converted by the animal to 17-beta-trenbolone, a relatively potent androgen receptor agonist in mammalian systems. Recent studies indicate that excreted 17-beta-trenbolone is comparatively stable in animal waste, suggesting the potential for exposure to aquatic animals via direct discharge, runoff, or both. However, little is known concerning the toxicity of trenbolone to fish. Our goal was to assess the effects of 17-beta-trenbolone on reproductive endocrinology of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). An in vitro competitive binding study with the fathead minnow androgen receptor demonstrated that 17-beta-trenbolone had a higher affinity for the receptor than that of the endogenous ligand, testosterone. Male and female fish were exposed for 21 d to nominal (target) concentrations of 17-beta-trenbolone ranging from 0.005 to 50 microg/L. Fecundity of the fish was significantly reduced by exposure to measured test concentrations > or = 0.027 microg/ L. The 17-beta-trenbolone was clearly androgenic in vivo at these concentrations, as evidenced by the de novo production in females of dorsal (nuptial) tubercles, structures normally present only on the heads of mature males. Plasma steroid (testosterone and beta-estradiol) and vitellogenin concentrations in the females all were significantly reduced by exposure to 17-beta-trenbolone. The 17-beta-trenbolone also altered reproductive physiology of male fathead minnows, albeit at concentrations much higher than those producing effects in females. Males exposed to 17-beta-trenbolone at 41 microg/L (measured) exhibited decreased plasma concentrations of 11-ketotestosterone and increased concentrations of beta-estradiol and vitellogenin. Overall, our studies indicate that 17-beta-trenbolone is a potent androgen and reproductive toxicant in fish. Given the widespread use of trenbolone acetate as a growth promoter, and relative stability of its metabolites in animal wastes, further studies are warranted to assess potential ecological risk.

Androgens↗
PubMed2003

Endocrinological diagnosis in sexology.

Endocrine factors represent an important and potentially treatable cause of sexual dysfunction. The availability of a correct endocrinological diagnosis allows correct identification of most cases of sexual dysfunction in which the endocrine apparatus is involved. Not only the most frequent causes of endocrine sexual dysfunction, such as hypogonadism and hyperprolactinemia, but almost all extra-gonadal endocrinopathies (hyper- and hypothyroidism, hyper- and hypocortisolism, steroidal secreting tumors, etc.) may play a role to a greater or lesser extent in sexual function. It is therefore necessary that the diagnostic process for sexual dysfunctions of an endocrine nature be as integrated and wide as possible, especially as such pathologies are usually extremely responsive to medical or surgical therapy.

Endocrine System Diseases↗
PubMed1992

[Normal sexual differentiation: molecular genetic and endocrinology].

Analysis of the sexual determination and differentiation factors has progressed by the important findings made in biochemistry (hormonal assays, determination of the receptor concentration), in cellular and molecular endocrinology (mechanism of the hormonal action) and in genetics (identification, isolation and cloning of the genes implied in the sexual determination and differentiation pathways). We first describe the basis of sexual determination and differentiation, and then we analyze the different roles of SRY gene, encoding for the testis determining factor, androgen receptor gene, 5 alpha-reductase gene and anti-Müllerian hormone gene.

3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1991

[Effects of prophylactic doses of potassium iodide on the course of thyroid diseases (1986-1990) diagnosed due to the atomic accident at Czernobyl in adult patients at the outpatient endocrinologic hospital clinic in Lodz].

2521 patients of the Lódź Outpatient Endocrinological Clinic (2290 females, 231 males; inhabitants of the central region of Poland Lódź City, Lódź Metropolitan Area, Piotrków, Płock, Sieradz, Skierniewice and Włocławek Provinces in which committed dose equivalent to the thyroid was between 2.7-7.0 mSv [min.-max.] in Skierniewice Province and 4.6-11.7 mSv in Płock Province) were included in the study. The patients were divided into 5 groups: I--persons who did not take the protective dose of potassium iodide (KI) after Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident and did not received any treatment with thyroid preparations or hormones at that time (n = 1282), II--patients who receive KI, once or several times (n = 774), III--patients who took orally iodine tincture or other iodine-containing preparations for the above purposes (n-37), IV--patients who took tablets of Thyroideum (Polfa) Thyroideum siccum (dry thyroid extract), once or several times, as a prophylactic action (n = 79), V--patients who were in the course of continuous treatment with Thyreoideum or thyroid hormones at the time of Chernobyl accident (n = 349). The analysis was performed for all the patients jointly, as well as separately for: either sex, three age groups (18-30, 31-55, 56-70 yrs) and 7 administrative areas specified above. All the patients were subjected into complex clinical examination, serum TSH, T3, T4 concentrations, anti-thyroid membrane antibodies (ATMA) and antithyroglobulin antibodies (ATg) titres, as well as ultrasound, scintigraphy, and fine needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid (the last two according to indications) included. The patients were also examined by means of a special questionnaire (Patient's Inquiry Sheet), which was subsequently submitted to computer analysis. All the doctors' diagnoses from 1986 (17 different diagnoses) and 1990 (27 different diagnoses), as well as the course of diseases, were verified with use of a specially prepared IBM PC/AT computer program ChernStat.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Behavioural endocrinology and reproduction: an evolutionary perspective.

It is a fact that those interested in immediate causation tend to be unaware of the great advances in evolutionary biology. Similarly, most scientists interested in ecological and evolutionary questions ignore advances in neurobiology and molecular biology. Quite simply, 'reductionists see little to be gained from holistic studies, and whole organism biologists do not recognize the value of molecular analysis' (Prosser 1986). This philosophical gap and lack of communication between molecular and physiological biologists with organismal and evolutionary biologists makes it difficult to be a generalist. Yet if we are to understand past, present, and perhaps even future behaviour, we must study how the different levels of biological organization are integrated. If done with foresight, it can lead to new discoveries not only in evolution and ecology, but also in physiology and even molecular biology. One of the first things we are impressed by is the great variety of animals, particularly their behaviours and their physiologies. With so many differences, are there any generalities? With the establishment of evolutionary theory, evidence that there is 'unity in diversity' has come with discoveries of common anatomical features, the cell cycle, conservation of intermediary metabolism, and the genetic code, to name but a few. While in vertebrates there appears to be a conservation of the neural circuits underlying sex behaviour, it is still too early to state the extent to which this concept can be extended to the hormonal mechanisms underlying behaviour. This chapter has documented how some widely-held assumptions are generalities only in a very restricted sense. I have tried to show how much of our conceptual understanding of the behavioural endocrinology stems from extensive studies on relatively few species. According to (Beach 1979), there are '... two cardinal rules that should govern not only the construction of animal models for human behaviour, but for all interspecific comparisons regardless of the behaviour and the species involved. The first rule is that meaningful comparisons are based not upon the formal characteristics of behaviour, but upon its causal mechanisms and functional outcomes.... The second rule is that the validity of interspecific generalization cannot exceed the reliability of intraspecific analysis. Significant comparison of a particular type of behaviour in two different species is impossible unless and until the behaviour has been adequately analyzed in each species by itself.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical, cytogenetic, endocrinological and histological studies in true hermaphrodites].

The clinical, cytogenetic, endocrinological and histologic features of nine mexican patients with true hermaphroditism are reported. Ages at admission ranged from 10 months to 27 years; in seven cases a male sex of rearing was documented, being 46,XX (n = 6) the most frequent karyotype. Basal levels of gonadotrophins, gonadal steroids, and the testosterone response to exogenous HCG varied depending upon age as well as with type and functional status of the gonadal tissue. However, ovarian tissue always preserved its function better than the testicular tissue did. In one of the patients who presented cyclic hematuria, spontaneous ovulation was documented by serum progesterone monitoring (progesterone = 4.3-11.0 ng/mL during luteal phase). Ovo-testis was the most common gonad present; in four cases bilateral ovo-testes were found. Internal genitalia varied depending on the existing gonad, although in all cases a uterus was found. These findings are in accordance with previous reports of individuals bearing true hermaphroditism in other populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Plasma prolactin level and incidence of adverse endocrinologic effects during therapy with atypical neuroleptics].

Elevations in prolactin plasma concentration occur with antipsychotics due to their dopamine D2 receptor antagonism. Hyperprolactinemia may be associated with both acute (galactorrhea, amenorrhea, decreased libido etc.) and chronic (predisposition to osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease) treatment emergent effects in both men and women associated with apparently impaired compliance. The aim of our study was to investigate these supposed effects regarding clinically relevant endocrinologic symptoms under routine treatment conditions with newer, atypical antipsychotics. Our findings confirm that amisulpride frequently leads to a remarkable elevation of prolactin plasma concentration, same--in minor degree--for risperidone. Under treatment with quetiapine and olanzapine just temporary elevated prolactin levels were registered. However, no correlation between prolactin levels and dosage could be found. In females treated with amisulpride acute hormonal side effects were seen in a clinically relevant manner. Features of illness itself, stress factors, concomitant medication or other patient's conditions are supposed to be relevant factors for acute endocrine symptomatology.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Temporal effects of estrogen and progesterone on behavioral and endocrinological responses to acute cocaine administration.

Estrogen and progesterone have been postulated to play a key role modulating cocaine-induced behavioral and neurochemical activation in female rats. This study investigated the temporal relationship between estrogen and progesterone in the modulation of cocaine-induced behavioral alterations. Ovariectomized Fischer rats received s.c. injections of estradiol benzoate 48 hr prior to cocaine or saline treatment and one s.c. injection of progesterone concurrently or 1, 4, 20, 24, 30, 44 or 48 hr after estrogen treatment. Forty-eight hours after estrogen treatment rats received either a single i.p. injection of 15 mg/kg of cocaine or 0.9% saline. Overall, cocaine induced increases in locomotor behaviors (ambulatory and rearing activity). A bimodal interaction between estrogen and progesterone was observed in the modulation of all locomotor activities. A gradual increase in behaviors, which peaked when progesterone was administered 24 hr after estrogen was followed by an inhibition of both ambulatory and rearing activity when progesterone was administered for a shorter period of time. This estrogen and progesterone interaction was not observed in the modulation of cocaine-induced stereotypic activity. However, shorter administration of progesterone in relation to estrogen administration resulted in lowered benzoylecgonine plasma levels when compared to longer progesterone administration times. On the other hand, longer administration of progesterone (48 hr of estrogen and progesterone) caused increases in corticosterone levels in cocaine-treated rats. Thus, the temporal interaction between estrogen and progesterone in the regulation of cocaine metabolism and hypothalamic-pituitary-axis (HPA) activation do not completely correlate with that observed for locomotor behavioral activation. Taken together, these results suggest that temporal interactions between estrogen and progesterone may underlie some of the previously reported estrous cycle and sex effects on cocaine-induced behavioral and endocrinological alteration.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Update on endocrinology.

Endocrinology covers diverse groups of organs and diseases. In this article, advances in the investigation of thyroid dysfunction, the management of Paget's disease of bone and the investigation and management of polycystic ovary syndrome are discussed.

Calcitonin↗
PubMed2004

[Endocrinological disorders in advanced age].

Endocrinological disorders of endocrine glands functions in advanced age are presented. Special attention was paid to the diagnostic procedures as well as hormonal replacement therapy of these disorders

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Endocrinologic adverse effects of psychotropic drugs].

Psychotropic drugs affect the regulatory mechanisms of different neuroendocrine axis. This chapter reviews the interactions between psychotropic drugs and prolactin, the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Hyperprolactinemia can cause galactorrhea, amenorrhea, sexual disfunction, impaired spermatogenesis and increased risk for osteoporosis and fractures. Atypical antipsychotics cause less hyperprolactinemia than conventional antipsychotics. Lithium has important effects on thyroid function. During lithium treatment, affectively ill patients show, in varying degrees and combinations, reduced levels of thyroid hormones and clinical evidence of subclinical hypothyroidism, overt hypothyroidism and goiter. Recent literature reports suggest that valproic acid, may be associated with polycistic ovarian syndrome. Until additional data is available, women starting valproate therapy should be warned about the possibility of endocrinology side effects.

Endocrine System Diseases↗
PubMed2004

[The endocrinological management of thyroid associated orbitopathy in relation to severity and activity of the disease].

The complete diagnosis of thyroid associated orbitopathy (TAO) comprises endocrinological and ophthalmological assessment of patients. This approach facilitates classification of patients and qualification of patients for the proper treatment of eye changes. The aim can be obtained by assessment of severity and activity of the disease. One can distinguish at least 4 clinical situations (1. severe and active TAO, 2. severe and inactive TAO, 3. non-severe and active TAO, 4. non-severe and non-active TAO). Methods of reestablishing euthyreosis are proposed in this article, in relation to disease activity and severity of the disease. The two case-reports are described in order to express proposed theses.

Antithyroid Agents↗
PubMed2004

[Effectiveness of treatment for thyroid orbitopathy in patients hospitalized at the Endocrinology Department of Pomeranian Medical University].

UNLABELLED: The aim of the present study is the assessment of efficacy of systemic corticosteroid treatment combined with orbital radiotherapy in patients with thyroid ophthalmopathy. MATERIAL: 101 patients hospitalized in the Endocrinology Department of the Pomeranian Medical University in the years 1999-2002. METHODS: During first stage of treatment 3 to 6-7 intravenous pulses of methylprednisolone (SoluMedrol Pharmacia & Upjohn) in a dose of 1.0 g/day in consecutive 3 days were administered in combination with radiotherapy of the retroorbital spaces. Ten daily doses of 200 cGy using X-ray to each retroorbital space were given between the 2-nd to 4-th SoluMedrol pulse. Prednisone (Encorton Polfa) at an initial dose of 60 mg/day was used during the second stage of therapy. RESULTS: Donaldson's ophthalmopathy index scored for each eye separately decreased significantly after both stages of treatment (right eye: 6.35 (before treatment); 2.25 (after first stage), 1.2 (after second stage), p<0.05; left eye: 6.1 (before treatment); 2.1 (after first stage); 1.15 (after second stage), p<0.05). The clinical picture of Graves ophthalmopahty after the end of therapy in most of patients was significantly improved. Persistent diplopia was found in 16/101 patients. Two of them were referred for surgical correction of abnormal eyeball fixation, the rest were using prismatic glasses. Until now, no recurrence of thyroid eye disease in treated patients was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Combined therapy is an effective method of treatment of Graves' ophtahlmopathy in terms of both rapid regression of inflammatory changes in orbital soft tissues and in prevention of recurrence of the disease.

Adult↗