Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ECTROPION”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

[CO2 laser in ophthalmology].

BACKGROUND: Baker et al. used a CO2 laser for blepharoplasty for the first time. The ultra-pulse CO2 laser provides a sophisticated instrument that makes more application alternatives possible in ophthalmology. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From March 1997 to February 1998 surgical operations were performed in the eye clinics in Hagen and Darmstadt using the CO2 laser: 145 eyelid operations and 8 others (enucleation, evisceration, oral mucosa plastic surgery, secondary hydroxyapatite implantation, squint operation). In 34 patients in a total of 64 operations, after an average follow-up period of 7 (4-11) months, an examination was carried out. RESULTS: There were serious complications in only one case. Three weeks after transconjunctival fat resection and resurfacing, one patient developed an inflammatory reaction with resulting ectropion on both sides. During steroid therapy the left lower lid flattened, but on the right side a slight ectropion remained. CONCLUSION: The CO2 laser proved to be a very useful instrument for bloodless tissue-protective surgery without conspicuous scar formation.

Blepharoplasty↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cutaneous anthrax on eyelids.

BACKGROUND: Ophthalmologists should be aware of the signs and symptoms of anthrax, although it is a rare disease in humans. We report our successful treatment of three patients with cutaneous lesions in the periorbital area. CASES: In this study, we report on the treatment of three female patients who were initially diagnosed as having preseptal cellulitis. OBSERVATIONS: Gram-positive robs were revealed in the microscopic examination of scrapings taken from the lesions. Bacillus anthracis was found in only two of the three scraping-material cultures. Intravenous penicillin G was administered in all cases. Black and necrotic eschar, which is characteristic of anthrax, developed on the eyelids of all three patients during treatment. At the final examinations of the patients after the completion of treatment, we recognized the development of cicatrisation, lagophthalmos, and slight ectropion in the upper eyelid of the first patient, and, in the second patient, restriction of upper eyelid movement and development of a corneal scar from exposure keratopathy and ectropion. The cutaneous lesions healed without any eyelid pathology in the third patient. CONCLUSION: Although it is a rare disease in humans, anthrax should be considered in the differential diagnosis of preseptal and orbital cellulitis.

Anthrax↗
PubMed1987

Lower blepharoplasty post-orbicularis approach to the orbit--a prospective study.

Fifty patients (55 incisions) requiring exploration for repair of zygomatico-orbital trauma were admitted to a prospective study using a uniform and standardised technique for the approach to the orbital rim and floor--the lower blepharoplasty incision combined with a post-orbicularis dissection. A post-operative 'Frost suture' was used in the majority of cases. The incidence of post-operative ectropion is compared to the incidence noted in a previous retrospective study (Pospisil & Fernando, 1984) and factors relating to the occurrence of ectropion are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Surgical treatment of congenital eyelid malpositions in children].

Congenital eyelid malpositions can be isolated or associated with other structures such as the eyeball, ocular muscles, and lacrimal pathways. It is important to separate eyelid malpositions, which are topographical disorders, from eyelid malformations, which are constitutional morphological disorders. Only eyelid malpositions will be described in this paper, with a distinction made between static and dynamic disorders. Static disorders include epiblepharon, congenital ectropion and entropion, epicanthus, telecanthus, and centurion syndrome. Dynamic disorders group ptosis and congenital eyelid retractions. Epiblepharon is characterized by the absence of adhesion between the lower eyelid retractors and the orbicularis-skin layer, which allows the anterior lamella to roll over. Congenital entropion and ectropion are very rare. They most often require surgical treatment. Epicanthus involves a semi-lunar fold of skin extending from the upper eyelid across the medial canthal area to the margin of the lower eyelid. Four types (supra-ciliaris, palpebralis, tarsalis and inversus) of epicanthus are described. Treatment requires surgery. Telecanthus is defined as an increased distance between canthi. Primary telecanthus results from attenuation of the medial canthal tendons and is usually associated with other soft tIssue abnormalities such as epicanthus or blepharophimosis, or is seen after trauma. Secondary telecanthus is caused by underlying bony malpositions with an abnormal separation between the orbits because of an increased thickness of the interorbital bones such as that seen in hypertelorism or in other complex craniofacial syndromes. Euryblepharon is distinguished by an enlargement of the horizontal palpebral fissure associated with enlarged eyelids. The etiology is unknown and patients may benefit from surgery. Congenital ptosis is characterized by a deficiency of the levator muscle. They are most often unilateral and isolated. When associated with other abnormalities such as squint, synkinesis, blepharophimosis, or craniofacial syndromes, surgical treatment may require several-stage procedures. On the other hand, isolated congenital ptosis is usually treated in childhood (3-6 years) in a single stage. Congenital eyelid retractions may affect either the lower or the upper eyelid. They make up a rare condition and most cases are associated with craniofacial syndromes such as Crouzon or Apert syndromes. Upper eyelid retractions may spontaneously improve in some cases, but lower eyelid retractions do not. Treatment requires surgery, depending on the corneal consequences.

Child↗
PubMed2004

[Complications of blepharoplasty].

Blepharoplasty complications are infrequent, most often minor and transitory, rarely major and permanent with functional or esthetic consequences. Treatment is above all preventive: screening at risk patients with a history of ophthalmic problems, but also general illnesses that would contraindicate blepharoplasty. Patients must be informed of possible risks through informative booklets with the most important points underlined. Complications can be purely ophthalmological, the more serious sequelae being partial or complete visual loss due to ischemic optical neuropathy, with very poor prognosis, or more rarely compression of the ocular globe by intraorbital hemorrhage, which has a better prognosis provided the origins are quickly recognized and treated immediately. Other visual complications include oculomotor problems, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, epiphora, and chemosis of lymphatic origin. Eyelid complications are more frequent: ptosis on the upper eyelid or lagophthalmia caused by incorrect resection of the skin, scarring and eyelid fold anomalies. The most serious esthetic complication is the malposition of the lower eyelid, which can manifest as retraction, lagophthalmia, ectropion, deformation of the external canthus, or lower eyelid tissue relaxation. These malpositions are quite often minor, sometimes reversible, but at times major, with psychological, esthetic and functional consequences that are difficult for the patient. Other local complications also arise: enophthalmia with a sunken lid, as well as under- and overcorrection. General complications can include scarring related to pigmentation problems and residual hematomas, and exceptionally infections going as far as the orbital fat tissue. Finally, other complications are related to new laser surgical techniques that are responsible for ectropion of the lower eyelid and even burns or residual redness, or complications related to periocular injections of filling material. A comprehensive review of prevention, diagnosis, and management of complications after blepharoplasty is presented.

Blepharoplasty↗
PubMed2000

The House-Brackmann system and assessment of corneal risk in facial nerve palsy.

PURPOSE: The House-Brackmann (HB) facial nerve grading system is widely used by ENT/head and neck surgeons, but is perhaps of less value to the ophthalmologist. Our aim was to assess the value of the numeric portion of this system in identifying those patients with facial nerve palsy who are at risk of corneal complications. We also sought to identify other factors that might be predictive of such complications. METHODS: Forty-two patients (43 palsies) were studied prospectively. The HB grade was recorded together with measurements of levator function, upper lid closure, Bell's phenomenon, lagophthalmos, ectropion, lower lid retraction and corneal sensation. Conjunctival injection and corneal staining were also graded. ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curves were used to assess the value of each parameter as a screening test for corneal complications. RESULTS: There was no cut-off of HB grade, levator function, Bell's phenomenon, ectropion or lower lid retraction that was sufficiently sensitive and specific to screen for corneal complications. However, on assessing lagophthalmos and upper lid closure, cut-offs with more favourable sensitivities and specificities were identified. CONCLUSIONS: The numeric portion of the HB grading system is not a useful guide in identifying those patients with facial nerve palsy who are at risk of corneal complications. Measurements of lagophthalmos and upper lid closure, alone or in combination with other tests, may be of more value.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Harlequin ichthyosis in association with hypothyroidism and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

Harlequin ichthyosis is a rare and severe congenital erythrodermic ichthyosis characterized at birth by hyperkeratotic plates covering the entire body, ectropion, eclabium, poorly developed ears, and contractures of the hands and feet. Two Chinese children, a 2-year-old boy and an 11-year-old girl, presented with these classic features as well as alopecia and loss of eyebrows and eyelashes. The boy was small for his age and was found to have hypothyroidism at the age of 18 months; he is currently on thyroxine replacement therapy. At 6 years of age, the girl developed symmetrical polyarthritis associated with positive rheumatoid factor and radiologic evidence of erosive arthritis, suggestive of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. She received prednisolone, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and subsequently methotrexate for her arthritis, with clinical and radiologic improvement. Early therapy with oral retinoids in both children accelerated shedding of the hyperkeratotic plates as well as improved ectropion and eclabium. There was no major adverse reaction to oral retinoids. The development of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in survivors with harlequin ichthyosis has not been previously described. The use of prednisolone and NSAIDs in the girl did not affect the skin condition, but the addition of methotrexate led to a decrease in erythema. The association with autoimmune disease is probably coincidental. The psychosocial impact of this severe lifelong disease on the two families was enormous. Early retinoid therapy may improve the disorder and help increase survival rates. A multidisciplinary approach, including psychosocial support of the affected families, is vital in the management of this lifelong disease.

Acitretin↗
PubMed2003

A mobile aerosol cryotherapy device (Histofreezer) for treatment of cervical contact bleeding: a pilot study.

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of the Histofreezer (a mobile aerosol cryotherapy device) treatment for women with cervical contact bleeding. Ten healthy women aged 22-50 years referred to our outpatient colposcopy clinic for recurrent postcoital or contact bleeding, and who suffered from mild to wide ectropion with bleeding on contact were studied. All women had a normal pelvic examination and ultrasound and a normal colposcopy and PAP smear. They were treated with the Histofreezer, which freezes the tissue to a temperature of -55 degrees C. A picture of the cervix was taken by a cervical camera before, after the procedure and during follow-up visits 4 and 8 weeks afterwards. There was a complete resolution of bleeding ectropion with a good healing of squamous metaplasia in seven patients. Two women showed partial improvement. Based on this initial study, this short and simple ambulatory treatment shows good results, both subjectively and on follow-up colposcopy.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Complications of blepharoplasty.

The complications of blepharoplasty are infrequent, most often minor and transient, and rarely major and permanent with functional or aesthetic consequences. Treatment is above all preventive with screening of "at risk" patients in whom blepharoplasty would be contra-indicated. Patients must be informed of possible risks through informative booklets stressing the most important points. The complications may affect vision. Partial or complete visual loss due to ischemic optic neuropathy, or rarely to compression of the ocular globe by intraorbital hemorrhage, is the most serious complication. Other visual complications include oculomotor disorders, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, epiphora, and chemosis of lymphatic origin. Eyelid complications are more frequent: ptosis of the upper eyelid or lagophthalmia caused by incorrect resection of the skin, scarring, and eyelid fold anomalies. The most severe aesthetic complication is the malposition of the lower eyelid resulting in retraction, lagophthalmia, ectropion, deformation of the external canthus, or lower eyelid tissue relaxation. These malpositions are often minor, sometimes reversible, but they can be major, with psychological, aesthetic, and functional consequences. Other local complications include enophthalmia and hypo- or hypercorrection. General complications may include pigmentation anomalies or infections extending as far as the orbital fat tissue. Finally, complications observed after the newer procedures of laser surgery include ectropion, burns and residual redness. Complications related to periocular injections of filling material are also mentioned. The discussion of these complications is followed by a comprehensive review of the prevention, diagnosis and management of the complications after blepharoplasty.

Blepharoplasty↗
PubMed1996

Complications of tarsoconjunctival grafts.

The authors reviewed 44 tarsoconjunctival grafts performed from 1983 to 1993 to determine the nature and severity of complications related to these grafts. Follow-up ranged from 3 weeks to 10 years, with a mean of 23 months. The complications were categorized as none, minor, or major. A complication was deemed major if it required a second surgical procedure for treatment. Eleven percent (5/44) of patients had major complications, including marked upper lid retraction after upper lid reconstruction (1), wound dehiscence (2), cicatricial ectropion (1), and excessive lower lid laxity (1). Seventy-three percent (32/44) of patients had minor complications. Minor complications included trichiasis (5), notching of the donor and/or recipient lid margin (9), mild lid retraction (3), contour deformity (2), granuloma (2), prolonged edema or erythema (4), symblepharon (1), mild ectropion (2), punctate keratitis (1), minimal ptosis (1), and epiphora (1). Sixteen percent (7/44) had no complications. Despite the frequent minor complications and the occasional major complications, the use of free tarsoconjunctival grafts remains a valuable procedure in the surgeon's armamentarium for reconstruction of major eyelid defects. Knowledge and early recognition of the possible complications may result in better patient care.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Deep-plane cervicofacial "hike": anatomic basis with dog-ear blepharoplasty.

The temporal and cheek areas are particularly vulnerable to sun damage and therefore to skin cancers. Rotation-advancement flaps are used commonly in the reconstruction of these regions following resection of skin cancers. Such flaps usually are modifications of the Mustardé, cervicofacial, and Juri flaps. The drawbacks to these flaps relate to a random, unpredictable perfusion with skin loss at the distal flap tip, a vertically oriented dog-ear that predictably is located on the cheek, and the risk of gravitational and cicatricial forces acting on the lower eyelid causing ectropion. The deep-plane technique for raising cheek flaps, as has been described recently for use in rhytidectomy, allows the plastic surgeon to address both drawbacks of the standard cervicofacial flaps. The vertical "hike" deep-plane approach addresses both drawbacks of the rotation-advancement flaps by including better perfusion and superior mobility after release of restraining ligaments. We describe the anatomic rationale for the deep-plane dissection of the cheek in cadaver studies and present our clinical technique with a vertical "hike" cheek advancement with removal of the horizontally oriented dog-ear as in a blepharoplasty. This single-stage technique will be called the deep-plane "hike" flap. The vertically advanced flap must be slightly overcorrected by anchoring the flap to the periosteum just above the recipient defect. This deep fixation removes all tension from the skin and prevents ectropion. This single-stage reconstruction affords excellent cosmetic results without compromising any future reconstructive efforts.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Laser blepharoplasty with transconjunctival orbicularis muscle/septum tightening and periocular skin resurfacing: a safe and advantageous technique.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) laser blepharoplasty with orbicularis oculi muscle tightening and periorbital skin resurfacing is a safe procedure that produces excellent aesthetic results and diminishes the occurrence of complications associated with skin and muscle resection in the lower lid, particularly permanent scleral show and ectropion. The authors present a review of 196 cases of carbon dioxide laser blepharoplasty and periocular laser skin resurfacing performed at their center from April of 1994 to September of 1998. Of these cases, 113 patients underwent four-lid blepharoplasty, 59 underwent upper lid blepharoplasty only, and 24 underwent lower lid blepharoplasty only. Prophylactic lateral canthopexy was performed in 24 patients. Concomitant procedures (brow lift/rhytidectomy/rhinoplasty) were performed in 92 patients. The carbon dioxide laser blepharoplasty procedure resulted in no injuries to the globe, cornea, or eyelashes. Combined with laser tightening of the orbicularis oculi muscle and septum and periocular skin resurfacing, the transconjunctival approach to lower blepharoplasty preserves lower lid skin and muscle. Elimination of the traditional scalpel skin/muscle flap procedure results in a dramatically lower complication rate, particularly with regard to permanent ectropion and scleral show. Laser shrinkage of the orbicularis muscle and septum through the transconjunctival incision enables the correction of muscle aging changes such as orbicularis hypertrophy and malar festoons. The addition of periocular resurfacing enables the correction of skin aging changes of the eyelid that are not addressed by traditional scalpel blepharoplasty. In addition, lateral canthopexy constitutes an important adjunct to the laser blepharoplasty procedure for the correction of lower lid canthal laxity.

Blepharoplasty↗
PubMed2002

Endoscopic subperiosteal midface lift: surgical technique with indications and outcomes.

PURPOSE: To review the surgical technique of the endoscopic subperiosteal midface lift and present our clinical outcome in 22 consecutive patients. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the clinical outcomes of 39 endoscopic subperiosteal midface lifts in 22 consecutive patients. Of the 39 sides, 21 had a lower eye conjunctival spacer graft inserted (15 hard palate mucosal graft, 6 AlloDerm). The success of the procedure was graded based on the aesthetic and functional results. Subjective and objective assessments were made using history, examination, and photos. RESULTS: Results for the clinical outcome were graded as excellent, good, fair, or poor. Among the 39 sides, indications for the procedure included facial rejuvenation (41%), postblepharoplasty lower eyelid retraction (26%), eyelid retraction secondary to midfacial ptosis (15%), severe cicatricial ectropion (13%), and paralytic ectropion secondary to 7th nerve palsy (5%). The operating surgeons evaluated the clinical outcome as "excellent" in 24 sides (61%), "good" in 10 sides (26%), "fair" in 2 sides (5%), and "poor" in 3 sides (8%). The procedure was successful at increasing malar projection, improving lower eyelid fullness, and elevating the lower eyelid in cases of lower eyelid retraction. The procedure was less effective in decreasing the prominence of the deep nasolabial fold. CONCLUSIONS: The endoscopic subperiosteal midface lift is an effective method for elevating the midface. A more youthful appearance is achieved with the procedure, and when necessary, recruitment of anterior lamella allows elevation of the lower eyelid to correct retraction.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

The pinch blepharoplasty revisited.

BACKGROUND: The prevention of scleral show is truly one of plastic surgery's Holy Grails. This postoperative problem may be considered subtle, but it represents the most common cause of the "operated" look that we all strive to avoid. Of course, the postoperative fear of a true ectropion is all too common. These concerns, borne out in patient results following the traditional skin-muscle technique, are what drove the author to consider the "pinch" blepharoplasty. METHODS: All patients who were candidates for a lower blepharoplasty, primary or secondary, underwent the pinch blepharoplasty. Patients excluded were only those who underwent a carbon dioxide laser resurfacing of the lower eyelid, as no skin excision was planned. RESULTS: Of the 77 blepharoplasties performed, there were no postoperative findings of lower eyelid malposition: no taping was necessary, no significant scleral show was evident, and no ectropion was produced. There was also noticeably less bruising and swelling postoperatively with this technique. Moreover, it was apparent that the crepe-like skin at the lower eyelid was often fully effaced or improved significantly. CONCLUSIONS: The pinch blepharoplasty has proved to be a superior approach to lower eyelid rejuvenation. This series suggests that with this technique significantly more crepe-like skin can be removed with reliably less chance of scleral show.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Grzybowski's generalized eruptive keratoacanthoma: remission with cyclophosphamide.

A 57-year-old woman presented with intensely pruritic generalized eruptive keratoacanthomas affecting cutaneous and mucosal surfaces (Grzybowski syndrome). She derived marginal benefit from anti-pruritic agents, acitretin and methotrexate. However, cyclophosphamide 100 mg daily for 1 month followed by 3 months at 200 mg daily resulted in remarkable improvement and eventual remission without further treatment. The disease resulted in severe ectropion of upper and lower eyelids bilaterally. Two years after the onset of her disease, the lower lid ectropions were repaired using skin grafting. There was no evidence for papillomavirus infection.

Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Iris melanocytoma mimicking the Cogan-Reese syndrome with monocular pigment dissemination.

PURPOSE: To report a case of iris melanocytoma mimicking the Cogan-Reese syndrome. METHODS: A 37-year-old woman presented with pigmentary glaucoma in her left eye. There was diffuse pigmentary dispersion in the anterior segment, pedunculated pigmented nodules on the anterior iris surface, mild iris atrophy, and ectropion iridis. Neither intrinsic vasculature nor a sector cataract was found. The angle was open with marked trabecular pigmentation and no anterior synechiae. The intraocular pressure was 30 mmHg with maximum medical treatment and there was glaucomatous optic atrophy. The differential diagnosis included iris pigmented tumor and iridocorneal endothelial syndrome (Cogan-Reese syndrome). An iris biopsy was performed for diagnostic purposes. RESULTS: Histologic diagnosis after evaluation of the specimen was iris melanocytoma. CONCLUSIONS: This case presents signs considered quasi-pathognomonic of iridocorneal endothelial syndrome (Cogan-Reese syndrome): glaucoma, mild iris atrophy associated with pedunculated iris nodules, and ectropion iridis. Therefore, iris melanocytoma can present with features that mimic the Cogan-Reese syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Surgical therapy of the eyelids in patients with facial paralysis.

Patients with facial paralysis have a degree of lagophthalmos and paralytic ectropion. We present our experience in the surgical management of 25 consecutive patients treated for these problems. Paralytic lagophthalmos was corrected using gold weights inserted into the upper eyelid. The advantages and disadvantages of this surgical technique are reviewed. Medial canthoplasty and lateral canthoplasty were performed to rectify paralytic ectropion. Ancillary procedures included browpexy, upper-lid blepharoplasty, and temporalis sling. The results were excellent in 23 of 25 patients and good in the remaining two. After a minimum of 6 months' follow-up, there were no complications. The authors believe that the above procedures will yield consistently excellent cosmetic and functional results in patients with paralysis of the eyelids.

Cranial Nerve Neoplasms↗
PubMed2005

[Prevalence of ocular diseases in a population of elderly residents of the city of Veranópolis, Brazil].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the prevalence of diseases of the eye in a population aged 80 years and above in the city of Veranópolis, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. METHODS: 187 elderly people were submitted to ophthalmologic tests including external inspection, ocular motility examination, visual acuity determination for near and far distance, applanation tonometry, biomicroscopy, cycloplegia, direct fundus examination and static skiascopy. RESULTS: The most prevalent disease was presbyopia in 173 (92.5%) patients, cataract in 160 (85.6%), age-related ectropion in 130 (69.5%), hypermetropia in 130 (69.5%) and age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) in 59 (31.5%) patients. 85 (45.4%) patients presented marked low vision whose main causes were cataract in 46 (54.1%) and refractive error in 16 (18.9%) of the studied population. The most prevalent complaint was due to presence of age-related ectropion. CONCLUSIONS: Common diseases as cataract and retractive error are still a challenge to ophthalmologists because these diseases remain main causes of visual deficit in old age resulting in life quality losses.

Aged, 80 and over↗