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At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Family structure, residential mobility, and school dropout: a research note.

This paper examines the hypothesis that high levels of residential mobility among nonintact families account for part of the well-known association between living in a nonintact family and dropping out of high school. Children from single-parent families and stepfamilies are more likely than children from two-parent families to move during the school year. As much as 30% of the difference in the risk of dropping out between children from stepfamilies and children from intact families can be explained by differences in residential mobility. Previously, mechanisms explaining school failure on the part of children in nonintact families were more plausible for children in single-parent families than for children in stepfamilies; high levels of residential mobility apply to both groups of children. In addition, residential mobility lends itself to manipulation by public policy, with potentially remedial effects for vulnerable children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Polymerase chain reaction amplification specificity: incidence of allele dropout using different DNA preparation methods for heterozygous single cells.

PURPOSE: The purpose was to evaluate methods of DNA preparation in a single cell to determine the ability to amplify and correctly diagnose a targeted gene. METHODS: One- or two-cell lymphoblasts (n = 100/group), heterozygous for the normal and 4-base pair insertion on exon 11 of the beta-hexosaminidase A gene, were collected and prepared under the following conditions: (1) freeze-thaw liquid nitrogen, then boiling (LN2); (2) potassium hydroxide/dithiothreitol, heated to 65 degrees C, followed by acid neutralization (KOH); (3) boiling only (Bl); and (4) water only (H2O). Cells were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction using nested primers. RESULTS: The total number of cells amplifying [in brackets] and the cells with amplification for both alleles (heterozygous), the normal allele, or the mutant allele were as follows, respectively: LN2 [38], 11, 16, 11; KOH [97], 91, 5, 1; Bl [41], 17, 13, 11; and H2O [85], 41, 16, 28. With two cells per reaction tube the results were as follows: LN2 [85], 53, 14, 18; and KOH [97], 96, 1, 0. CONCLUSIONS: KOH lysis was significantly greater than with all other methods (P < 0.006) and should be used for single cells. This study also demonstrates the importance of using heterozygous cells to determine the ability to amplify both alleles as a method of quality control for single-cell analysis.

Alleles↗
PubMed1981

[Reasons for apprentice dropout in a large industrial enterprise].

641 people employed in a large industrial enterprise of northwestern Switzerland as apprentices for a profession in the chemical or mechanical industry have been examined. 14.5% have discontinued their apprentiship. The most frequent reasons have been difficulties with the formal training (6.2%), unsatisfactory performance (2.7%) and inaptitude/change of the profession (3.0%). After a change of the curriculum for chemical professions "difficulties with the formal training" as a reason for discontinuing the apprentiship dropped from 13 to 2%. Health reasons have been noted more rarely (0.5%) than expected. At the occasion of the medical aptitude examination, 0.5% were considered medically unqualified and have been rejected. The question if this is the cause for the low proportion of later drop-outs for health reasons remains open.

Adolescent↗