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At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Narcolepsy associated with arteriovenous malformation of the diencephalon.

Narcolepsy associated with localized brain lesions is rare, and few reports of well-documented cases have been published. We describe the case of a 20-year-old male (HLA DQw1 negative) who fulfilled clinical and polygraphic criteria of symptomatic narcolepsy. Narcolepsy in this patient was associated with an arteriovenous malformation involving the structures around the third ventricle. Clinical symptoms improved after embolization and radiosurgery. These findings support the hypothesis that lesions in the vicinity of the third ventricle can cause symptomatic narcolepsy.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

A mutation in the Gsk3-binding domain of zebrafish Masterblind/Axin1 leads to a fate transformation of telencephalon and eyes to diencephalon.

Zebrafish embryos homozygous for the masterblind (mbl) mutation exhibit a striking phenotype in which the eyes and telencephalon are reduced or absent and diencephalic fates expand to the front of the brain. Here we show that mbl(-/-) embryos carry an amino-acid change at a conserved site in the Wnt pathway scaffolding protein, Axin1. The amino-acid substitution present in the mbl allele abolishes the binding of Axin to Gsk3 and affects Tcf-dependent transcription. Therefore, Gsk3 activity may be decreased in mbl(-/-) embryos and in support of this possibility, overexpression of either wild-type Axin1 or Gsk3beta can restore eye and telencephalic fates to mbl(-/-) embryos. Our data reveal a crucial role for Axin1-dependent inhibition of the Wnt pathway in the early regional subdivision of the anterior neural plate into telencephalic, diencephalic, and eye-forming territories.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Oestradiol effect on galanin-immunoreactive neurones in the diencephalon of the ewe.

Galanin is a neuropeptide involved in the regulation of numerous functions such as reproduction. In female rats, this peptide stimulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)/luteinizing hormone release and its synthesis is stimulated by oestradiol. It could therefore be an intermediary between the oestrogenic signal from the ovaries and the GnRH neurones (e.g. during the time course leading to the preovulatory GnRH surge). However, although the involvement of galanin is well-known in rodents, it is poorly understood in ewes. Using immunohistochemistry with a specific antigalanin antiserum, we detected the peptide in neurones of two groups of ovariectomized ewes treated for 6 h with subcutaneous implants, either with oestradiol (experimental group) or empty (control group). The galanin-immunoreactive neurones were counted in three areas, the preoptic area, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and the infundibular nucleus, using a computerized image analysis system. There was no change in the mean number of galanin-immunoreactive (GAL-ir) neurones in the infundibular nucleus (37 +/- 12 neurones/section in treated animals and 31 +/- 11 in controls) or in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (22 +/- 5 neurones/section in treated animals and 16 +/- 4 in controls), but the number of GAL-ir neurones was higher in the preoptic area in treated than in control ewes (35 +/- 4 versus 14 +/- 10, P < 0.001). To determine whether the neurones of the preoptic area were directly sensitive to oestradiol, we performed double immunohistochemical labelling for oestradiol receptor alpha and galanin. More than 50% of the GAL-ir neurones contained the oestradiol receptor alpha and therefore could be directly regulated by oestradiol. These results indicate that oestradiol might act directly on a GAL-ir neuronal population situated in the preoptic area, without any effect on the GAL-ir neurones of the infundibular nucleus or the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Because a 6-h oestradiol treatment can induce a preovulatory GnRH surge in ewes, the GAL-ir neuronal population of the preoptic area might be one of the neuronal systems by which oestradiol activates the GnRH neurones. However, although the morphological relationships between galanin and GnRH neurones have been described in rodents, they remain to be demonstrated in the ewe.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Hypocretin/orexin-containing neurons are produced in one sharp peak in the developing ventral diencephalon.

The birth date of hypocretin-containing neurons was analysed using the bromodeoxyuridine method in the rat. The results indicate that these neurons are generated between embryonic days 11 (E11) and E14, with a sharp peak on E12. This spatiotemporal pattern of genesis contrasts with that of the co-distributed neurons producing the melanin-concentrating hormone in the lateral hypothalamic area, which have been described as generated in one large peak from E10 to E16. These observations may be linked to the relative distribution area of both populations.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2004

Characterization of subpopulations of neurons producing melanin-concentrating hormone in the rat ventral diencephalon.

Neurons producing melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) are involved in a large array of functions. Some of these functions may be mediated by specific subpopulations. One such subpopulation was characterized by the expression of the neurokinin 3 receptor and the 'cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript' (CART) peptide, while another expresses neither one of these two molecules. MCH+/CART+ axons were traced throughout the brain and showed a strikingly different pattern of distribution than that of MCH+/CART- axons. Particularly, many MCH+/CART+ axons are observed in the telencephalon, while MCH+/CART- projections are mostly directed toward the brainstem. Calbindin, a protein involved in calcium homeostasis, has been largely used in many structures of the brain for the identification of neuronal phenotypes. However, few MCH neurons were labeled for this protein. On the other hand, neurons producing the peptides hypocretins (Hcrt), and codistributed with the MCH neurons, were all labeled for calbindin. Thus, at least two subpopulations of MCH neurons can be distinguished on the basis of neuronal phenotypes and connections. These neurons may be involved in distinct circuitry and in distinct functions.

Animals↗
PubMed1967

Localization of the adrenergic feeding system in the rat diencephalon.

Injection of 6 micrograms of aqueous norepinephrine elicits eating only when it takes place at sites within a limited region of the rat brain. The distribution of effective sites coincides with that of systems connected to an extrahypothalamic pathway between the limbic forebrain and tegmental motor systems. It does not correspond to those parts of the lateral hypothalamus thought to control normal feeding.

Animals↗