Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Cystoscopes”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Endoscopic treatment of vesical and urethral perforations after tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure for female stress urinary incontinence.

UNLABELLED: Stress urinary incontinence is a problem that is prevalent in women, and its treatment with minimally invasive techniques using synthetic materials has increased recently, although the procedure has also brought increased occurrence of specific complications such as vesical and urethral perforations. We describe 11 cases of endoscopic correction of vesical and urethral perforations due to the use of synthetic material for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Eleven patients were treated for complications after undergoing the TVT(R) (tension-free vaginal tape) procedure; 6 of them had the polypropylene tape inside the bladder, and 5 had erosion of the urethra. Endoscopic resection of the polypropylene tapes was performed on all patients. RESULTS: A 6-month follow-up with cystoscopic control showed that the procedures were successful with complete relief of the symptoms except for 1 patient who persisted with the polypropylene tape in the bladder. This patient underwent a new endoscopic resection, and the cystoscopic control exam was normal 3 months later. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic resection of intravesical and intraurethral synthetic tapes can be considered a good alternative for the treatment of complications resulting from the TVT procedure.

Cystoscopy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Digital fluoroscopic excretory urography, digital fluoroscopic urethrography, helical computed tomography, and cystoscopy in 24 dogs with suspected ureteral ectopia.

The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic utility of helical computed tomography (CT) for the diagnosis of ectopic ureters in the dog and to compare these findings with those of digital fluoroscopic excretory urography and digital fluoroscopic urethrography. Ureteral ectopia was confirmed or disproved based on findings from cystoscopy and exploratory surgery or postmortem examination. Of 24 dogs (20 female, 4 male) evaluated, 17 had ureteral ectopia. Digital fluoroscopic excretory urography and CT correctly identified ureteral ectopic status and site of ureteral ectopia (P < .05). Urethrography did not reliably detect ureteral ectopia. No false-positive diagnoses of ureteral ectopia were made in any of the imaging studies. Cystoscopic findings significantly agreed with findings during surgery in determining ureteral ectopic status and ectopic ureter site. One false-positive cystoscopic diagnosis of unilateral ureteral ectopia was made in a male dog. Kappa statistics showed better agreement between CT and both cystoscopy and surgical or postmortem examination findings with regard to presence and site of ureteral ectopia compared with other imaging techniques. CT was more useful than other established diagnostic imaging techniques for diagnosing canine ureteral ectopia.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Surface characteristics of malignant human urinary bladder epithelium studied with scanning electron microscopy.

Biopsies were obtained from 28 male and seven female patients with cystoscopically and histologically confirmed urinary bladder carcionoma. Tissue specimens for light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were obtained from the tumours as well as from cystoscopically tumour-free mucosa of the dome, the lateral walls and the trigone of the urinary bladder and also from the proximal urethra. Certain surface structural changes, which seem to represent malignancy, present in different regions of the urinary bladder were detected by SEM, although not visible by light microscopy.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

The value of cystoscopy as an initial diagnostic modality for asymptomatic microscopic hematuria.

For the patients who visit outpatient clinics due to asymptomatic microscopic hematuria, cystoscopy has been looked upon as rather invasive compared to other diagnostic methods. We tried to elucidate the actual diagnostic value of cystoscopy in the initial evaluation of asymptomatic microscopic hematuria. We reviewed the results of cystoscopic examinations in 213 patients who visited our hospital due to asymptomatic microscopic hematuria. No definite lesion that could explain the microscopic hematuria was detected by means of IVP, urine cytology, and other nephrologic evaluations for all the patients. Among the abnormal cystoscopic findings in 55 patients, the lesions suspected to be directly related to microscopic hematuria were classified as 'significant lesions' (31 patients, 17.6%) which include entities such as bladder cancer (1.31%). 27 of 31 patients with significant lesions (85.2%) were over 50 yr old, and furthermore, 3 patients who were diagnosed as bladder tumor by cystoscopy were over 60 yr. Cystoscopy should be utilized as initial diagnostic modality in older patients with asymptomatic microscopic hematuria to rule out any possibility of bladder cancer occurrence. Further studies are needed to justify implementation of cystoscopy as an initial diagnostic modality in younger patients with asymptomatic microscopic hematuria.

Cystoscopy↗
PubMed1989

[Clinico-statistical study on bladder tumor].

A survey was performed on 277 cases of bladder tumor including 221 males and 56 females (3.9:1), treated in the Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine. The result was as follows. The age distribution was from 24 to 86 years old with the average of 65.7. Histologically, 2 cases were diagnosed as transitional cell papilloma, 53 cases as transitional cell carcinoma G1, 111 cases as G2, 88 cases as G3, 16 cases as GX, 5 cases as squamous cell carcinoma and 2 cases as adenocarcinoma. As to the relationship between the grade and the stage, all cases of papilloma or G1 were superficial, while 7.2% of G2 and 45.5% of G3 were invasive, showing a close correlation. As to the relationship of cystoscopic findings and the stage, invasive tumors occupied 1.7% of tumors less than 1 cm in diameter, 16.7% of those 1 to 3 cm, 48.0% of 3 to 5 cm and 41.7% of more than 5 cm in diameter. Also 7.1% of papillary pedunculated tumors, 57.1% of non-papillary pedunculated, 21.7% of papillary sessile and 53.5% of non-papillary sessile were invasive. Thus cystoscopic findings of tumors correlated with the stage. The 5 year survival rates were 61.7% in all cases, 81.4% in pTa, 70.5% in pT1, 58.7% in pT2, 50.0% in pT3a, 32.6% in pT3b and 25.0% in pT4. The stage of tumors reflected the prognosis well. Careful cystoscopy and accurate grading were thought to be helpful for correct staging and for choosing a suitable treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Evaluation of bladder tumor staging by submucosonography].

Submucosonography to stage tumors of the esophagus and stomach is well reported. Here we report our experience with a modified procedure to evaluate the stage of bladder tumor cystoscopically and compare the results of staging by other methods. The evaluation was carried out on accuracy 10 patients (10 bladder tumors). A water soluble contrast medium (CM: lohexol 33 mg/ml) was injected into the submucosa of the bladder cystoscopically. Usually the injected point was one centimeter to the urethral margin of the tumor and up to three points were selected. Within 30 minutes after the injection, the lateral and frontal X-ray pictures were taken. The accuracies of staging by submucosonography were compared with the results of other methods, i.g., ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). By submucosonography, three categories depending on the diffusion of CM were classified as follows. Type I: (diffuse type) without disturbance of diffusion. Type II: (borderline type) between type I and III. Type III: (defect type) local disturbance of diffusion. Overall accuracies of each were 70.0% (submucosonography), 62.5% (US), 44.4% (CT), 66.7% (MRI) respectively. The accuracies of submucosonography were high in stage Ta, above stage T2 and low in stage T1.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Prophylactic oral antibiotics in urethral instrumentation].

Between July 1990 and December 1992, the incidence of infection after 1,249 urethral manipulations on patients, who had no urinary infection before the manipulation, was studied. Infections developed in 21 patients (1.7%). The prophylactic 3-day antimicrobial medication reduced the development of infection to 5/790 (0.6%), in contrast to 16/459 (3.5%) among patients who did not take the prophylactic antimicrobial (P = 0.0004). Of the procedures studied, urethral dilation with sounds and retrograde urethrography were not so dangerous as cystoscopic examination. After cystoscopic examinations, 5 (1.4%) out of 347 males with prophylactic antimicrobial developed infection, although none of the prophylacted 135 females developed infection. Elderly persons had greater risk of developing the infection. The most disastrous bacteria was P. aeruginosa.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1999

[A clinical study of bladder cancer in adolescent patients].

PURPOSE: We have reviewed clinical characteristics of bladder cancer in adolescent patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1978 and 1997, we have experienced eight bladder cancer patients of 7 men and 1 woman under 30 years old. Two patients were less than 20 years old and six patient were more than 20 years old. We have reviewed initial symptoms, diagnostic methods, cystoscopic findings, methods of treatment, pathological findings, and prognosis of these patients. RESULTS: The most common chief complaint was asymptomatic macroscopic hematuria. Cystoscopically, all tumors were papillary and solitary except in one case. All of tumors were superficial transitional cell carcinomas and treated with transurethral resection (TUR). Although the tumors in patients of less than 20 years old were pathologically grade 1 and 2, two cases of grade 3 tumors were found in patients more than 20 years old. The prognosis of these patients were good, for none of them was dead and the recurrence rate after TUR was 12.5% (1/8). CONCLUSIONS: We considered that characteristics of bladder cancer in adolescent patients were low stage, low grade, and good prognosis. But it was found that high grade tumors were contained in patients more than 20 years old.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Urinary vascular endothelial growth factor and its correlation with bladder cancer recurrence rates.

PURPOSE: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a principal growth factor mediating tumor angiogenesis. The high expression of VEGF within bladder tumors is associated with a poor prognosis. We quantified urinary VEGF and determined its potential as a prognostic marker in bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: VEGF was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the urine of 261 patients, including 153 undergoing cystoscopic surveillance for bladder cancer and 108 with another advanced malignancy or a benign urological condition. The source of urinary VEGF was studied through its quantification in bladder tumors and normal bladders. RESULTS: Urinary VEGF was higher in patients undergoing cystoscopic surveillance for bladder cancer than in those with an advanced nonbladder malignancy (p <0.0001) or a benign urological condition (p = 0.004). The highest levels were noted in patients with bladder cancer compared to those with clear cystoscopy (p <0.0001). In 26 cases the correlation between VEGF protein levels in bladder cancer and urine (r = 0.67, p = 0.003) suggested that the tumor is a source of urinary VEGF. Increased VEGF protein in normal urothelium in 22 patients with bladder cancer compared to that in 7 cadaveric organ donors (p = 0.002) indicates that urinary VEGF may also be derived from nonmalignant urothelium. In 61 cases we established a correlation between urinary VEGF and stage T1 or less superficial bladder tumor recurrence rates (r = 0.45, p <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that VEGF is high in the urine of patients with bladder cancer and it correlates with tumor recurrence rates. VEGF is implicated in the pathogenesis of bladder cancer recurrence. Its quantification may provide a valuable noninvasive marker for the early detection of bladder tumor recurrence as well as a therapy target.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

NMP22 is a sensitive, cost-effective test in patients at risk for bladder cancer.

PURPOSE: The early diagnosis of bladder cancer is central to its effective treatment. This study was designed to determine the clinical use of NMP22 as a urinary marker for the early detection of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in patients with hematuria or other indications at risk for malignancy. The sensitivity and specificity of the NMP22 test were compared with urinary cytology, and the results of both tests were then compared to cystoscopic findings. We also determined if NMP22 provided a cost advantage over our current modalities in our patient population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Each patient submitted a single voided urine which was divided in 2 parts, of which 1 was stabilized with the NMP22 urine collection kit and 1 was preserved in the appropriate cytology medium for cytopathological testing. All patients provided the urine samples before cystoscopic examination. Of the 330 patients 114 (34.5%) presented with microscopic hematuria and 66 (20.4%) with gross hematuria. Other indications for cystoscopy included atypical cytology or unexplained voiding symptoms refractory to medical therapy. RESULTS: There were 18 patients with biopsy confirmed bladder cancer and 312 with benign conditions of the bladder. Median NMP22 value for the malignant bladder tumors was 31.6 units per ml. (95% confidence interval 13.4 to 90.9) and 4.3 units per ml. (3.8 to 4.8) for benign conditions of the bladder. The urinary NMP22 values in the bladder cancer group were significantly higher than those in the benign condition group (p <0.001). The sensitivity of NMP22 was 100% with a specificity of 85% at a reference value of 10.0 units per ml., while cytology had a sensitivity of only 33% and specificity of 100%. Given a negative predictive value of 100% for NMP22, a cost savings of $28,302 to $111,072 (depending on the type of insurance carrier) would have been achieved if it was used alone as the indication for cystoscopy. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that urinary NMP22 is a simple, noninvasive, cost-effective marker for the detection of bladder cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Role of ultrasonography and urinary cytology in diagnosing recurrence of superficial urinary bladder cancer compared to cystoscopy.

Urinary cytology, ultrasonogram of the urinary bladder and cystoscopy were done in 99 cases of urinary bladder cancer patients in the department of urology of Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), Dhaka, during the period from January 1997 to December 1998. Pre transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT), urinary cytology was positive in 20.20% cases and ultrasound scan was positive in 96.9% cases. Histopathological examination revealed 95.96% as transitional cell carcinoma:- Grade I (3.0%), Grade II (62.6%) and Grade III (34.4%). During follow-up urinary cytology was positive in only one case whereas ultrasound scan was positive in 53.5% cases of whom only 21.6% patients had actual recurrent bladder tumours proved by cystoscopy. Statistical analysis of the three tests and histopathology showed significant variation though by Chi-square test the ultrasound scan is found superior to urinary cytology. We conclude when ultrasonography of the urinary bladder shows any suspected lesion it should be examined by cystoscope and biopsy should be taken from the suspected area for confirmation. Neither urinary cytology nor ultrasound scan can replace cystoscopic examination.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Radioimmunoimaging of bladder tumor with the intravesical administration of technetium -99m labelled monoclonal antibody].

OBJECTIVE: To make radioimmunoimaging of bladder tumor simple, safe and reliable. METHODS: Anti-human bladder carcinoma cell line BIU-87 monoclonal antibody-BDI-1 was labelled with technetium -99m by direct mercaptoethanol reducing method. RESULTS: The labelling rate was 69.6% and the radiochemistry pruity was higher than 95%. 33 patients received radioimmunoimaging of bladder tumor with the intravesical administration of technetium -99m labelled monoclonal antibody. The false positive rate was zero. 88.5% of all 29 bladder cancer patients had got positive immunoscintigraphy results, and 65.2% of them were confirmed by cystoscopic results. Both primary and recurrent tumor could be detected clearly and the smallest tumor detected was 0.5 cm in diameter. There were some differences between the radioimmunoimaging and cystoscopic results in 7 of 11 multitumor cases, which included tumor size, number and location. CONCLUSION: It is required to use more suitable isotopes and/or monoclonal antibodies to increase its sensitivity.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed2002

Staple erosion into the bladder after mesh and staple laparoscopic colposuspension. A case report.

BACKGROUND: As new variations of operations are performed, complications must be recognized and reported. Erosion of staples into the bladder following mesh and staple laparoscopic colposuspension is a complication that must be anticipated, recognized and managed by the laparoscopic surgeon. CASE: A woman presented, four years after mesh and staple colposuspension for stress urinary incontinence, with bladder pain and hematuria. A staple was seen under the urothelium in the bladder dome and was removed cystoscopically, with resolution of symptoms. CONCLUSION: This is an avoidable complication of an increasingly performed procedure. Correction can be effected cystoscopically if the staple is visible.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Endoscopic Surgery for Arterial Occlusive Disease.

Endoscopic surgery is not a recent development. In fact, the application of the Edison light bulb to the cystoscope in 1883 was followed by widespread use of endoscopy. In 1910, Jacobeaus proposed the diagnostic use of the cystoscope for investigation of serous cavities, and in 1922, he reported lysis of pleural adhesions to promote artificial pneumothorax in 40 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. For the next 30 years, the thoracoscope was widely used for pneumolysis in tuberculosis patients, but its use waned considerably after the development of effective antibiotic treatment for tuberculosis. With the advent of laparoscopy, endoscopy has become popular again and here we review the application of endoscopic techniques in cardiovascular surgery.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The evil twins of chronic pelvic pain syndrome: endometriosis and interstitial cystitis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the value in the initial laparoscopic and cystoscopic evaluation of avoiding the unnecessary delay in diagnosing the "evil twins" of chronic pelvic pain syndrome, endometriosis and interstitial cystitis. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of 60 women ranging in age from 19 to 62. They underwent concurrent laparoscopy, cystoscopy, and hydrodistentions from January 1999 to October 2000. A gynecology and urology team performed these procedures in these 60 patients at a regional pelvic pain center in Northwest Ohio. RESULTS: Fifty-eight patients (96.6%) were diagnosed with interstitial cystitis by the presence of glomerulation and terminal hematuria according to National Institutes of Health criteria. A diagnosis of (active and inactive) endometriosis was found in 56 patients (93.3%). Biopsy-confirmed active endometriosis was found in 48 patients (80%). In the interstitial cystitis patient group (58), 54 patients had a diagnosis of (active and inactive) endometriosis (93.1%), and 47 patients had biopsy-confirmed active endometriosis (81%). In the group of 56 patients with a diagnosis of (active and inactive) endometriosis, 54 patients were found to have interstitial cystitis (96.4%). In the group of 48 patients with active biopsy-confirmed endometriosis, 47 have interstitial cystitis (97.7%). CONCLUSION: Patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome are very difficult to manage. Eighty percent were found to have endometriosis and had numerous previous operations. Many patients failed to respond to multiple therapies. In many cases, pain persists even after a hysterectomy. Through our study, we showed the high prevalence and association of interstitial cystitis and endometriosis, the evil twins of chronic pelvic pain syndrome. It is absolutely necessary to perform both laparoscopic and cystoscopic examinations concurrently with the patient anesthetized in the initial evaluation and treatment of chronic pelvic pain syndrome to avoid unnecessary delay in making the diagnosis of the evil twins, because chronic pelvic pain syndrome can be caused by either or both of these entities. It is very important to have the gynecologists and urologists working as a team in making an early diagnosis to resolve these chronic debilitating diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Multiorgan failure following intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin administration: a case report].

We describe a case of multiorgan failure after intravesical bacillus Carmette-Guern (BCG) immunotherapy for bladder cancer. A 58-year-old man with superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder was initially treated by transurethral resection and intravenous chemotherapy, and then administered 11 sessions of BCG intravesically. He was administered BCG intravesically after cystoscopic examination. The next day he complained of nausea and malaise. He became hypotensive. The symptom progressed with multiorgan failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation and respiratory failure. The patient gradually improved with administration of antibiotics and corticosteroid, and hemodialysis, without antituberculous antibiotics. Intravesical instillation of BCG should not be carried out immediately after cystoscopic examination.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed2003

[Virtual CT-pneumocystoscopy: indications, advantages and limitations. Our experience].

PURPOSE: The use of CT volume-rendering techniques allows the evaluation of visceral organs without the need for endoscopy. Conventional endoscopic evaluation of the bladder is limited by the invasiveness of the technique and the difficulty exploring the entire bladder. Virtual evaluation of the bladder by three-dimensional CT reconstruction offers potential advantages and can be used in place of endoscopy. This study investigates the sensitivity of virtual CT in assessing lesion of the bladder wall to compare it with that of conventional endoscopy, and outlines the indications, advantages and disadvantages of virtual CT-pneumocystography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between September 2001 and May 2002, 21 patients with haematuria and positive cystoscopic findings were studied. After an initial assessment by ultrasound, the patients underwent pelvic CT as a single volumetric scan after preliminary air distension of the bladder by means of 12 F Foley catheter. The images were processed on an independent workstation (Advantage 3.0 GE) running dedicated software for endoluminal navigation. The lesions detected by endoscopy were classified as sessile or pedunculated, and according to size (more or less than 5 mm). Finally, the results obtained at virtual cystoscopy were evaluated by two radiologists blinded to the conventional cystoscopy results. RESULTS: Thirty lesions (24 pedunculated, 6 sessile) were detected at conventional cystoscopy in 16 patients (multiple polyposis in 3 cases). Virtual cystoscopy identified 23 lesions (19 pedunculated and 4 sessile). The undetected lesions were pedunculated <5 mm (5 cases) and sessile (2 cases). One correctly identified pedunculated lesion was associated with a bladder stone. DISCUSSION: Good quality virtual images were obtained in all of the patients. In only one patient with multiple polyposis the quality of the virtual endoscopic evaluation was limited by the patient's intolerance to bladder distension, although identification of the lesions was not compromised. The overall sensitivity was 77%; this was higher for pedunculated lesions (79%) than for sessile lesions (50%). The virtual technique is less invasive and tends to be associated with fewer complications than is conventional cystoscopy. It also demonstrated a good sensitivity for evaluating pedunculated lesions, allowing evaluation of the bladder base and anterior wall, sites that are commonly poorly accessible at conventional cystoscopy. Further advantages of the virtual technique include the possibility of accurately measuring the extent of the lesion and obtaining virtual images even in patients with severe urethral obstruction and active bleeding. The limitations include the inability to obtain tissue for histologic examination or to perform endoscopic resection of pedunculated lesions. The technique is less sensitive than conventional cystoscopy in the detection of sessile lesions or very small polyps (<5 mm). Furthermore, diffuse wall thickening reduces bladder distension thereby preventing optimal evaluation. The most valuable indication appears to be the follow-up of treated wall lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Virtual CT-pneumocystoscopy can replace conventional cystoscopy in cases with pedunculated lesions when there is no need for biopsy, when the lesions are located at the bladder base or when cystoscopic instrumentation cannot be introduced into the bladder due to stenosis. Virtual pneumocystoscopy can also be used in the follow-up of treated polypoid lesions in association with pelvic CT-angiography.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Enterovesical fistula complicating Crohn's disease: report of two cases].

Two female patients with enterovesical fistula complicating Crohn's disease are presented. Case 1: A 40-year-old woman having a 10-year history of diarrhea presented with vesical irritability of a three months duration. Administration of antibiotics did not relieve her of the symptoms and then pneumaturia appeared. Cystoscopic examination revealed fistulous opening. Barium enema study depicted rectovesical fistula. After partial cystectomy and temporary colostomy, ileocecal lesion was shown by contrast study and resection of ileocecal segment was performed seven months later. Case 2: A 33-year-old woman presented with vesical irritability of 7 years duration and pneumaturia and fecaluria of 4 years duration. Cystoscopic examination revealed localized bullous edema but no apparent fistula. Cystography, as well as contrast studies demonstrated ileo-vesical, ileo-ascending colonic and ileo-sigmoidal fistulas. One-stage resection of diseased intestine and partial cystectomy were performed. In both cases, pathological diagnoses of Crohn's disease was made, and postoperative course was uneventful for over 10 months. Thirty eight cases of enterovesical fistula complicating Crohn's disease are reviewed.

Adult↗